1. determine the purpose, audience, content 2. working

Helen Barrett’s Stages of ElectronicPortfolio Development

1. Determine the purpose, audience,content

2. Working Portfolio (Developing theDigital Archive) - Digitizing, Storing

3. Reflective Portfolio(What? So What? Now What?)

4. Connected Portfolio(Creating a hyperlinked document,adding multimedia, making connections)

5. Presentation Portfolio(Publishing and Sharing)

Continuum

ElectronicPortfolios

LearningPortfolios

(Formative)

AssessmentPortfolios

(Formative and Summative)Employment

Portfolios(Marketing)

BestWorks/

Showcase

OngoingProfessionalDevelopment

Collaboration

AssessmentSystems

Strategies for Implementation

CommonTools

ITSystems

ProductivityTools (i.e.,

Office,database)

HTMLposted

onWWW

PDF(Acrobat) on CD-ROM or WWW

MacomediaDirector

Web-based

database

tied into campus information

systems

Individual Organization

Locus of Control

A conceptual framework

©2001, Helen C. Barrett, Ph.D.

Proprietarysoftware

Purpose

Tools

http://electronicportfolios.com

hyperlinked

YourFinishedPortfolio

Artifacts from your teaching (scanned or created by

anyapplication )

convert all files to

Acrobat

Your reflective portfolio

(reflections on achieving the

standards) (in Word)

Your presentation on your portfolio (in PowerPoint)

Merge into a single

Acrobat file

Video clips of your teaching (from

video tape, either VHS or digital)

convert to Digital

Video and edit in iMovie

Convert to QuickTime

movie (with

iMovie )

pictures (in JPEG)

Createbookmarks,hyperlinks

between artifacts, thumbnails in

Acrobat

linkQuicktimemovie to

appropriateplace in

Acrobat file

format for CD-ROM with all artifacts and Quicktimevideo clips included

write CD-ROM

present the highlights of the portfolio (using Acrobat) from

CD-ROM

There is a quick overview of how we are putting the technology pieces of the electronic portfolio together over the four terms.

Foundations I ClassFirst CheckpointSummer, 2001

Internship ISecond Checkpoint

Fall, 2001

Internship IIThird Checkpoint

Spring 2002

Capstone ClassFinal CheckpointSummer, 2002

updateportfolio

reflections and artifacts

(in Word)

updateportfolio

reflectionsand artifacts(in Word)

©2001, Helen C. Barrett, Ph.D.for Post-Baccalaureate ProgramUniversity of Alaska Anchorage

School of Education

13

Tw o Directions in ElectronicPortfolio Developm ent

Generic toolsapproachUsing off-the-shelfsoftware

CustomizedsystemsapproachDesigning anetworked systemBuying a proprietarysoftware package

68

G eneric tools approach

Portfolios with reflections and artifacts thatmore closely emulate the traditional 3-ringbinderStructure imposed by developer and/orsoftware -- flexibility and creativityLow cost for infrastructureHigher cost for trainingStudent can continue developing portfolioonce out of the system

69

Custom ized system s approach

Record-keeping system that can beused to collect reflections and artifactsHighly structured using online database-- limited flexibility and creativityHigh cost for infrastructureMay be a lower cost for training,depending on system designWhat happens to portfolio whenstudents leave the system?

70

Tw o Directions in ElectronicPortfolio Developm ent

Generic toolsapproachAdvantages» Cost» Use what is widely

available» Easy to get started» Easy to maintain

Disadvantages» Ability to aggregate data» May be difficult to share

online with security

Customized systemsapproachAdvantages» Ability to aggregate data» Accessibility» Security

Disadvantages» Cost» Infrastructure requirements

5

Authoring softw are

There are a variety of authoringsoftware packages which allow thecreation of

hypertext linksbetween goals, student work samples inmultiple forms of media, rubrics, andassessment.

6

Im portance of UsingAppropriate Softw are

The software used to create the electronicportfolio will control, restrict, or enhance theportfolio development process.

Form should follow function,and the electronic portfolio softwareselected should match the vision, style andskills of the portfolio developer, as well asthe technology available.

33

H ow do you decide w hat toolsto use?

Level of Teacher Skill (Relative Ease of Use)

Level of Technology Required

Other factors

(Learning & Leading with Technology,

October, 1998)

PedagogicalRequirements

Storage SpaceSecurityLinking and Grouping Artifacts

ReflectionPublishingPortability

Storage Space

To store digital artifacts (with meta-tags)

To store learner self-reflection andself-assessment on each artifact

To store feedback on each artifactfrom assessor(s) (independentvalidation)

To store details of the assignment withcriteria for assessment (rubrics)

Technology -Storage

How much storage to make availableper student?

–5 MB–20-30 MB–650 MB–Unlimited

Security

Ability to restrict access, settingpermissions to view:o Artifact onlyo Artifact with reflectiono Artifact with reflection and feedback

Ability to set permissions separately forfaculty to view portfolio and providefeedback on work.

Linking and GroupingArtifacts

Ability to organize portfolio in a variety of ways(flexibility in organization)o By standards or learning outcomeso By courseo By date (entered, last updated, etc.)o By status of work (Work in progress, ready

for assessment, ready for publication)Ability to include:

o Goals for portfolio, Contents of portfolioo Learning Goals or Standardso Resume

Reflection

Ability to reflect on a specificgrouping of artifacts to make aparticular case (i.e., how thiscollection demonstratesachievement of standards orlearning goals)

Ability to set learning goals andfuture direction

Publishing

Ability to create a variety ofportfolios, depending on audienceand purpose

Ability to individualize the portfolio,to allow creativity of expression inthe presentation (how to avoid the“cookie cutter” effect or identical“look and feel” of a data-base ortemplate-based portfolio)

Portability

Ability to archive work in aportable format such as:– CD-ROM– HTML or PDF Archive– DVD

Learners can take their portfolioto another school or maintain iton their own.

The "5-by-5" Model of Electronic Portfolio Development - Overview of Technology Options

© 2000, Helen C. Barrett Stages of Electronic Portfolio Development

Levels of PortfolioDevelopment(based on level of difficulty)

1Defining the Portfolio

Context & Goals

Identify: the portfolio's purposeand audience; the standards(goals) or organizing framework;the resources available (hardware,software, level of technologyskills). Select the appropriatelevel/technology to begin.

2The Working Portfolio

Identify, collect and store portfolioartifacts based onpurpose/audience/goals. Interjectpersonality into the portfoliodesign by using appropriatemultimedia to add style andindividuality to the portfolio.

3The Reflective Portfolio

Select the artifacts that representachievement of standards/goals.Reflect on why artifacts wereselected, indicating meaning andvalue to the portfolio. Projectlearning goals for the future(direction).

4The Connected

Portfolio

Organize the digital artifacts.Create hypermedia links betweengoals, artifacts, reflections.Identify patterns through the"linking" process.

5The Presentation

Portfolio

Record the portfolio to anappropriate presentation andstorage medium. Share theportfolio with an appropriateaudience.

1 - Text only.All documents are in digital file formats,using word processing or other commonly-used software, and stored in electronic folderson a hard drive, floppy diskette or LANserver.

Development Software:Any Word Processor



Development Software:Microsoft Word (linking toother Word documents)AppleWorks (linking to otherWorks documents)

Storage/Publishing Tools:Zip Disk or Floppy Disketteor Hard Drive or Server

2a - With Graphics.Portfolio data is entered into a structuredformat, such as a database or HyperStudiotemplate or slide show (PowerPoint orAppleWorks) and stored on a hard drive, Zip,floppy diskette or LAN server. Video may becollected in analog form on video tape.Presentation portfolio may also be recordedon video tape.

Development Software:DatabasePowerPoint or slide showHyperStudio

Inspiration (mind mappingsoftware)

Development Software:Graphics softwareDatabasePowerPoint or slide showHyperStudio

Digital still camera

Development Software:DatabasePowerPoint or slide showHyperStudio

Development Software:HyperStudio

Storage/Publishing Tools:Videotape (digital-to-analogconversion)

2b - With Audio & Video

Portfolio incorporates digitized audio andvideo artifacts linked to the portfolio, andstored on CD-ROM or server.

Audio capturing software

Video capturing software(analog-to-digital conversion)

Audio editing software

Video editing software

Storage/Publishing Tools:CD-ROM

3 - With Navigational linksDocuments are translated into PortableDocument Format with "hyper-links" betweenstandards, artifacts, and reflections usingAdobe Acrobat Exchange and stored on ahard drive, Zip, Jaz, CD-R/W, or LAN server.

Conversion Software:Adobe PDFWriter orPrintToPDF (Mac only)Acrobat Distiller

Development/Editing Software:Adobe Acrobat Exchange

Storage/Publishing Tools:CD-ROM

4 - With WWW linksDocuments are translated into HTML,complete with "hyper-links" betweenstandards, artifacts, and reflections, using aweb authoring program (i.e., NetscapeComposer, Adobe PageMill or CyberStudio,Macromedia Dreamweaver) and posted to aWWW server.

Development & PublishingSoftware:HTML authoring software



PowerPoint*

Storage/Publishing Tools:WWW Server

5 - With Interactive MultimediaPortfolio is organized with a multimediaauthoring program, incorporating digitalsound and video is converted to digital formatand pressed to CD-R/W or posted to WWWin streaming format.

Development & PublishingSoftware:Macromedia Director



Storage/Publishing Tools:Streaming Server

Comparison of Construction ToolsRelationaldata base

Hypermedia“card” file(includingtemplates)

Multimediaauthoringsoftware

WWW Pages AcrobatReader

Proprietarysoftware

Commondevelopmenttools

FileMaker Pro HyperStudioDigital Chisel

MacromediaAuthorware,Director

Adobe PageMill,Claris HomePage

Adobe AcrobatExchange 3.01

Grady ProfilePersonna Plus

Structure &Links

Structuredfields/records/files linkedtogether bycommon fields

Electronic cards(screens) linkedtogether by“buttons”

Icon-based ortime-basedmultimediaauthoringenvironment

WWW pagesviewed with aWeb Browser(Netscape orExplorer) usinglinks created inHTML

Postscript-basedpages that can benavigatedsequentially, orusingbookmarks,links, or buttons

Varied: GradyProfile hasHypercard basePersonna Plususes relationaldatabase engine

Playeravailable

Yes Yes Self-contained Browser (free) Reader (free) ?

Advantages FlexiblereportingNetwork-friendlyWeb accessibleCross-platform

Widelyaccessible inclassroomsConstructiontools included

Most flexibilityin developmentCD-ROMCross-platform

Web-accessibleCross-platform

Web-accessibleCross-platformCreate files fromany applicationIdeal for CD-R

Pre-designed andstructured

Disadvantages Limitation of sizeof filesRequires player

Not directly web-accessibleView limited toscreen size

Steep learningcurve

Multimedia(video) not wellintegratedComplexauthoring

Size of filesLimitedconstructiontools

Grady: not Web-accessible, Maconly, inflexible

Ease of Use* 4 to develop2 to use

3 to develop 5 2 with editor4 without

2 2 (Grady)? (Personna)

TechnologyRequired

3 3 5 4 4 24

Cost (withEd. discounts)

$49 $39-$199 $150-$1,000 $49-$79 $49 Grady $195Personna ?

Software environment

Relational data baseCommon Development Tools

Filemaker Pro, Microsoft Access

Structure and linksStructured fields/records/files linked together by common fields

Player available Yes - free

AdvantagesFlexible reporting - Network-friendly - Web-accessible - Cross PlatformMost effective in tracking and reporting achievement of standards

DisadvantagesLimitation on size of files - Requires player - Requires higher skill level to develop

Ease of Use

4 to develop2 to use

TechnologyRequired 3

Cost with ed. discounts $49-$199

Electronic Portfolio Developm ent Tools

© Helen Barrett, 1998


Hypermedia “card” file (including templates)Common Development Tools

HyperStudio, Digital Chisel, HyperCard, Toolbook

Structure and linksElectronic cards (screens) linked together by “buttons”

Player available Yes - free

AdvantagesWidely accessible in classroom. Construction and display tools available in one program.

DisadvantagesNot directly web-accessible. View limited to screen size. Effort required to link standards and portfolio artifacts.

Ease of Use

3 to develop TechnologyRequired 3

Cost with ed. discounts $39-$199




Multimedia authoring softwareCommon Development Tools

Macromedia Authorware, Director

Structure and linksIcon-based or time-based multimedia authoring environment

Player available Self-contained files

AdvantagesMost flexibility in developing for CD-ROM publishing. Cross-platform.

DisadvantagesSteep learning curve. Effort required to link standards and portfolio artifacts.

Ease of Use 5 Technology

Required 5Cost with ed. discounts $150-$1000




World Wide Web PagesCommon Development Tools

Adobe PageMill, Claris Home Page, Microsoft Front Page, many more

Structure and linksWWW pages viewed with a Web Browser (Netscape or Explorer) using links

created in HTML

Player available Web browser - free

AdvantagesWeb-accessible. Cross-platform.

DisadvantagesMultimedia (video) not well integrated. Complex authoring environment.

Ease of Use

2 with editor4 without

TechnologyRequired 4

Cost with ed. discounts free - $99




Proprietary SoftwareCommon Development Tools

Grady Profile, Personna Plus

Structure and linksVaried: Grady Profile has HyperCard base. Personna Plus uses relational

database engine.

Player available ?

AdvantagesPre-designed and structured.

DisadvantagesGrady: not web-accessible, Mac only, inflexible layout.Personna: ?

Ease of Use

2 (Grady Profile)? (Personna Plus)

TechnologyRequired 2-4

Cost with ed. discounts Grady $195




Multimedia Slide ShowsCommon Development Tools

PowerPoint, ClarisWorks Slide Show, Astound

Structure and linksElectronic slides, most often shown in linear sequence.

Player available

AdvantagesCommonly-available tool.

DisadvantagesAvailability of hypertext links between standards and portfolio artifacts.


Required 4Cost with ed. discounts $29+



Software environmentDigital Video

Common Development ToolsAvid Cinema, Adobe Premiere, Movie Player Pro, Apple Video Player

Structure and linksdigitized video, usually in QuickTime or AVI format

Player available Yes - Free

Advantageswww access, high interactivity. random access, editing

Disadvantagesfile size, storage, quality, bandwidth requirements, hardware requirements to digitize.

Ease of Use

5 TechnologyRequired 5

Cost with ed. discounts

$29+++

Electronic Portfolio Development Tools


Software environmentAnalog Video

Common Development Toolsvideo editors

Structure and linksanalog video on a variety of formats (i.e., VHS, 8mm)

Player available VCR

Advantagesubiquitous access, cheap storage media, acceptable quality, relatively low cost hardware requirements

Disadvantageslinear access, low interactivity, no www access, storage, editing

Ease of Use

4 TechnologyRequired 1

Cost with ed. discounts

?

Electronic Portfolio Development Tools



Adobe Acrobat ReaderCommon Development Tools

Adobe Acrobat Exchange 3.01

Structure and linksPostscript-based pages that can be navigated sequentially, or using

bookmarks, links, or buttons

Player available Acrobat Reader - free

AdvantagesWeb-accessible. Cross-platform. Create files from any application. Ideal for Compact-disc-recordable portfolios. Handles multimedia well.

DisadvantagesSize of file. Limited built-in editing tools. Requires another program to create files.


Required 4Cost with ed. discounts $49



1

Adobe Acrobat PDF form at

John Warnock, Co-founder and CEO of Adobe Systems, Inc.defined the Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format:

“PDF is an extensible form of paper, ahypermedia that is device independent,platform independent, color consistent

and it is the best universaltransmission media for

creative and intellectual assets.”

http://imagebiz.com/Inform.html

1

What is PDF?

PDF stands for

Portable Document Format.It was developed by Adobe Corporation to allow efficient electronic distribution of large documents.

8

Why create a digital portfolio in PDF rather than HTML?

NO programming or coding files - easier to learnWYSIWYG - PDF files look exactly like the original documentAll one document, not fragmented files (graphics & text)Easier to integrate multimedia (sound and video)

9

Why create a digital portfolio in PDF rather than HTML?

Ideal format for CD-ROMEasily integrate documents created by a variety of different software packagesA variety of ways to navigate a document:

–Bookmarks–Links

–Thumbnails–Toolbar

HTM L or PDF?HTM L W orks Best Both W ork W ell PDF W orks Best

HTM L W SSIW YG editors W ord processing program s Desktop publishing program sText editors Spreadsheet program s Illustration program sDatabase program s Docum ent yet to be created Presentation softwareDocum ents already tagged (SGM L) Docum ent in RTF form at Docum ent already producede-m ail Basic specification sheets Docum ent exists on paper onlyM em os G raphs NewslettersBasic letters O rder form s (inform ation receipt) M agazinesSim ple reports Links to URL's (W W W ) PostersVarious text-based docum ents M ailto: links Annual reportsServer side inform ation (two-way) CGI's (Im age m aps) Books, brochuresServer-push inform ation Form s URL's with links over text & graphicsIndex service (search and retrieve) Docum ent-based securityDatabase connectivity M ovie and sound playbackFram es High-resolution im agesJava applets Page num bers

Text over im ages

Source: Kent, G. Internet Publishing with Acrobat Adobe Press, San Jose, CA, 1996.

Other References:

1. Adobe Acrobat Classroom in a Book (with CD-RO M ). The official training workbook (M ac and W indows). Adobe System s Incorporated, San Jose, CA, 1997.

2. Alspach, Ted Acrobat for M acintosh and W indows Peachpit Press, Berkeley, CA, 1997

1

Acrobat vs. H TM L

PDF based on a page description model» The absolute style and layout imposed upon a

document is preserved in electronic publicationand distribution.

HTML based on a page markup model» Web browsers’ interpretation of the HTML code,

along with users’ font size and style preferences,have a significant impact on the final visualresult.

2

Why use PDF for ePortfolios?

Power and simplicity for both portfolio authorsand end-users viewing the portfolio

Instant Publishing of Existing Documents

Unlimited Document Control

Using Familiar Tools

Combine documents from multiple applications

No need for end-users to have original programs

Any authoring application

Print to PDF Printer Driver

PDF Writer

Postscriptprinterdriver

Postscriptfile

AcrobatDistiller

PDF File

Print to File

Edit/Links/BookmarksAcrobat Exchange$40 ed. price

View/Print/SearchAcrobat Reader (free)

DistributeBrowserE-mailPrintCDFile ServerDiskette

102

Learn about Acrobat

Peachpit PressISBN: 0201354616$14.39 (Amazon)

A “quick&dirty” guide

IDG Books WorldwideISBN: 0764532421$31.99 (Amazon)

A great reference

Adobe PressISBN: 0201702843$31.50 (Amazon)

A great tutorial

Planning Documents

http://electronicportfolios.org/EPDirections.pdfoutlines issues between generic tools andcomputer systems approaches

http://electronicportfolios.org/EPpedissues.pdfa list of pedagogical issues to addresswhen planning for electronic portfolios.

http://electronicportfolios.org/ali/a set of “at-a-glance” guides that addressthree issues:

1. Digitizing & Storing Artifacts2. Construction Tools3. Publishing Formats