1-d motion · 2018. 10. 8. · used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration....

32
1-D Motion WSHS Physics

Upload: others

Post on 21-Jan-2021

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

1-D MotionWSHS Physics

Page 2: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Vectors vs. ScalarsVector- a quantity having direction as well as magnitude

Scalar- a quantity having magnitude only

Page 3: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Distance vs Displacement

Page 4: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Avg Speed vs. Avg Velocity

What’s the difference?

Average speed is defined as total

distance traveled over the duration

of travel.

Scalar quantity

Average velocity is defined as

displacement over the duration of

travel.

Vector quantity

Page 5: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Instantaneous Speed and VelocityInstantaneous speed- the speed of an object at a moment in time

Instantaneous velocity- the velocity of an object at a moment in time

Page 6: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

AccelerationAcceleration- changing of an object’s velocity with time

● Defined as the change in velocity over the change in time

● Vector quantity

● Dimensions of length per time squared, commonly has units m/s

2

Page 7: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Instantaneous AccelerationThe acceleration of an object at a point in time is the object’s instantaneous

acceleration.

Page 8: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

1D Motion w/ Constant Velocity

Page 9: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

1D Motion w/ Constant Acceleration

Page 10: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

The Big FourThe basic equations of kinematics

Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration

Page 11: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Free Fallg = 9.8 m/s

2

Approximate value: 10 m/s

2

Page 12: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Vertical ProjectileWhen an object is thrown straight up in the air and follows a linear path

Page 13: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

College Physics (AP Edition) p. 35 #14You have two small metal balls. You drop the first ball and throw the other one in the

downward direction. Choose the statements that are not correct.

(a) The second ball will spend less time in flight.

(b) The first ball will have a slower final speed when it reaches the ground.

(c) The second ball will have larger acceleration.

(d) Both balls will have the same acceleration.

Page 14: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Answer

C

Page 15: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Physics Bowl (2017)A small object is released from rest and falls freely for 4.00 �푠 until reaching the ground.

What was the height above the ground from which the object was released?

(A) 10.0 �푚

(B) 20.0 �푚

(C) 40.0 �푚

(D) 80.0 �푚

(E) 160.0 �푚

Page 16: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Answer

D

Page 17: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Physics Bowl (2017)A mass moves along the x-axis following

the position vs. time graph provided.

During what time interval(s) does the

mass have an acceleration of 0 �푚/�푠2

? Time

is represented as �푡.

(A) only from 0 �푠 < �푡 < 3 �푠 (B) only at �푡 = 5 �푠 (C) only from 7 �푠 < �푡 < 10 �푠 (D) only from 0 �푠 < �푡 < 3 �푠 and 7 �푠 < �푡 < 10 �푠 (E) only from 0 �푠 < �푡 < 3 �푠, �푡 = 5 �푠, and 7 �푠 < �푡 <

10 s

Page 18: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Answer

D

Page 19: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Physics Bowl (2014)Starting from rest, a cart uniformly accelerates to a speed of 7.60 �푚/�푠 in a time of 3.00 �푠. Through what distance does the cart move in this time?

(A) 5.7 �푚

(B) 8.1 �푚

(C) 11.4 �푚

(D) 16.1 �푚

(E) 22.8 m

Page 20: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Answer

C

Page 21: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Fnet=ma (2007) An object is released from rest and falls a distance h during the first second of time.

How far will it fall during the next second of time?

(a) h

(b) 2h

(c) 3h

(d) 4h

(e) h

2

Page 22: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Answer

C

Page 23: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Fnet=ma (2009) A bird is flying in a straight line initially at 10 m/s. It uniformly increases its speed to

15 m/s while covering a distance of 25 m. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of

the bird?

(A) 5.0 m/s

2

(B) 2.5 m/s

2

(C) 2.0 m/s

2

(D) 0.5 m/s

2

(E) 0.2 m/s

2

Page 24: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Answer

B

Page 25: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Fnet=ma (2009) A person standing on the edge of a fire escape simultaneously launches two apples, one

straight up with a speed of 7 m/s and the other straight down at the same speed. How

far apart are the two apples 2 seconds after they were thrown, assuming that neither

has hit the ground?

(A) 14 m

(B) 20 m

(C) 28 m

(D) 34 m

(E) 56 m

Page 26: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Answer

C

Page 27: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Fnet=ma (2010) The following question refers to the graph which

shows a representation of the motion of a squirrel

as it runs in a straight-line along a telephone wire.

The letters A through E refer to the indicated

times.

If the graph is a graph of POSITION vs. TIME,

then the squirrel has the greatest speed at what

time(s) or during what time interval(s)?

(A) From A to B

(B) From B to C only

(C) From B to D

(D) From C to D only

(E) From D to E

Page 28: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Answer

C

Page 29: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Fnet=ma (2009) A person standing on the edge of a fire escape simultaneously launches two apples, one

straight up with a speed of 7 m/s and the other straight down at the same speed. How

far apart are the two apples 2 seconds after they were thrown, assuming that neither

has hit the ground?

(A) 14 m

(B) 20 m

(C) 28 m

(D) 34 m

(E) 56 m

Page 30: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Answer

C

Page 31: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Fnet=ma (2011)A cyclist travels at a constant speed of 22.0 km/hr except for a 20 minute stop. The

cyclist’s average speed was 17.5 km/hr. How far did the cyclist travel?

(A) 28.5 km

(B) 30.3 km

(C) 31.2 km

(D) 36.5 km

(E) 38.9 km

Page 32: 1-D Motion · 2018. 10. 8. · Used to describe the motion of an object with constant acceleration. Free Fall g = 9.8 m/s2 Approximate value: 10 m/s2. Vertical Projectile When an

Answer

A