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CRESCO: Centro computazionale di RicErca sui Sistemi COmplessi

Where the World Stands on

Supercomputing

Prof. Jack DongarraUniversity of Tennessee

and

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

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Powerful Beyond Imagination Suppose you had a problem that was

100 meters long and the faster you could go from start to finish the faster you could: Divert the outbreak of a deadly

plague, or Find ways to combat global warming,

or Build a lighter, faster aircraft

Imagine that when you crossed the finish line you would understand a complex biological process so well that you would be able to Cure a disease or Extend live itself

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Today … Corporations, universities and

governments from around the world are lining up for the race of the century.

It’s a race to solve some of the most complex problems anyone has ever considered.

Being first across the finish line not only determines who gets rich and who doesn’t, but perhaps who lives and who dies.

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The Third Pillar of 21st Century Science Three pillars

theory, experiment and computing Supercomputers enables us to

Investigate phenomena where economics or constraints preclude experimentation

Evaluate complex models and manage massive data volumes

Model processes across interdisciplinary boundaries

Transform business and engineering practices

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Supercomputing Drives Business Competitiveness

Reducing design costs through virtual prototyping

Reducing physical tests for faster time to market

Image courtesy of Pratt & Whitney

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Supercomputing Drives Business Competitiveness

Complex aerodynamic components for its car designed with the aid of a Supercomputer

Using computational fluid dynamics computations to simulate airflow around parts to aid downforce and aerodynamics and to improve the efficiency of engine and brake cooling.

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Weather and Economic Loss U.S. economy $13 Trillion

40% can be adversely affected by weather and climate

$1M in loss to evacuate each mile of coastline We now over warn by 3X! Average over warning is

200 miles, or $200M per event

Improved forecasts Lives saved and reduced

cost

Source: Kelvin Droegemeier, Oklahoma

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Changing Competitive Environment Companies are facing serious global competitive

challenges than in the past Industry can no longer compete on traditional cost and

quality terms The ability to create new value and innovate will

determine competitive advantage

Supercomputing is a key ingredient in one’s innovation capacity,

productivity, growth and ultimately, our standard of living.

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H. Meuer, H. Simon, E. Strohmaier, & JDH. Meuer, H. Simon, E. Strohmaier, & JD

- Listing of the 500 most powerful Computers in the World - Yardstick: Rmax from LINPACK MPP

Ax=b, dense problem

- Updated twice a yearSC‘xy in the States in NovemberMeeting in Germany in June

- All data available from www.top500.org

Size

Rate

TPP performance

Top500 Systems November 2007

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21 systems > 50 Tflop/s

7 systems > 100 Tflop/s

149 systems > 10 Tflop/s

Rm

ax (

Tflo

p/s)

478 Tflop/s

5.9 Tflop/s

ENEA #180 9.3 Tflop/s

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Supercomputer Performance Development

1.17 TF/s

6.96 PF/s

59.7 GF/s

478 TF/s

0.4 GF/s

5.9 TF/s

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Fujitsu 'NWT'

NEC Earth Simulator

Intel ASCI Red

IBM ASCI WhiteN=1

N=500

SUM

1 Gflop/ s

1 Tflop/ s

100 Mflop/ s

100 Gflop/ s

100 Tflop/ s

10 Gflop/ s

10 Tflop/ s

1 Pflop/ sIBM BlueGene/L

My Laptop

6-8 years

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Where the 500 Most Powerful Computers Are Distributed

US63%

Japan8%

UK6%

Germany4%

France3%

China2%

Italy1%

Netherlands1%

Others9%

Spain3%

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Industrial Use of Supercomputers Of the 500 Fastest

Supercomputer Worldwide, Industrial Use

is about 50%

Aerospace Automotive Biology CFD Database Defense Digital Content Creation Digital Media Electronics Energy Environment Finance Gaming Geophysics Image Proc./Rendering Information Processing Service Information Service Life Science Media Medicine Pharmaceutics Research Retail Semiconductor Telecomm Weather and Climate Research Weather Forecasting

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Italian Computers in the Top 500 (November 2007)

Rank Site Manuf Year Procs

48 CINECA IBM 2007 5120

71 CINECA IBM 2007 10240

180 ENEA IBM 2007 2560

247 Energy Company IBM 2007 2048

248 Energy Company IBM 2007 2048

264 CINCEA HP 2006 1024

Performance Development & Projections

N=1

N=500

SUM

10 Eflop/s1 Eflop/s

100 Pflop/s10 Pflop/s

1 Pflop/s100 Tflop/s

10 Tflop/s1 Tflop/s

100 Gflop/s10 Gflop/s

1 Gflop/s100 Mflop/s

10 Mflop/s1 Mflop/s

Performance Development & Projections

1 Tflop/s1 Gflop/s 1 Eflop/s

N=1

N=500

SUM

10 Eflop/s1 Eflop/s

100 Pflop/s10 Pflop/s

1 Pflop/s100 Tflop/s

10 Tflop/s1 Tflop/s

100 Gflop/s10 Gflop/s

1 Gflop/s100 Mflop/s

10 Mflop/s1 Mflop/s

1 Pflop/s

O(106)ThreadsO(103) ThreadsO(1) Thread O(109) Threads

The Supercomputing Continuum

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Each strikes a different balance computation/communication coupling

Applications for diverse needs More than just providing faster solutions,

more complex, larger, superior accuracy in what we are studying.

Lo

ose

ly

Co

up

led

Tig

htl

y C

ou

ple

d

Clusters HighlyParallel

“Grids”Special Purpose“SETI / Google”

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SupercomputingPowerful Beyond Imagination

Supercomputers are indispensable for solving complex problems in every sector, from traditional science and engineering to business.

From the design the cars we drive and the aircraft we fly in, to find and help extract new energy sources, to forecast severe weather, and to discover new life-saving medicines.