1 course overview grouped by system integration software types: 1.homogeneous erp systems integrated...
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Course overview grouped bySystem integration software types:
1. Homogeneous ERP systems integrated by using a common database.
2. Heterogeneous ERP systems from different suppliers may be integrated by using relaxed ACID properties.
3. Workflows and Relaxed transaction can send subtransactions to other systems and they may use a common (distributed) database.
4. Data warehouses integrate distributed data by sending data to a common data warehouse database by using ETL (Extract, Transform, and Load) of data from the operative systems.
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Work flow example with insurance claims.
What are the differences between Work flow diagrams and Flow chart diagrams?
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Petri Net is an attempt to standardize Work Flows:
• Transition = Task. • Token = Case with a transaction
illustrated as a black dot in a place.• Place = Queue for cases/transactions before a transition.
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Terminology of WorkFlow Management Coalition
• Task = Atomic logic activity in a process.
• Case = Transaction in a process.
• Place = Queue for cases/transactions before a transition.
• Process = A set of tasks and a set of conditions that determine the order of the tasks.
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Workflow for making mobile control of supplier deliveries.
Delivery larger than ordered
Delivery matches an Orderline
Delivery less than ordered
Delivery is not ordered
Select a con-trol action
Product deliveries
Orderlines are replicated to the mobile controllers
New Supplier
orders.
Orderlines
Reduced product delivery
ANDJOIN
Update the local stock
Replicate the mobile registrations to the central ERP system
Error reports
Accepted product deliveries
Accepted product deliveries
End of workflow
ANDSPLIT
ANDSPLIT
Reduced orderline
InputInput is supplier orders or deliveries.
What is the most important part of the workflow from a system integration point of view?
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Workflow for making mobile control of supplier deliveries.
Delivery larger than ordered
Delivery matches an Orderline
Delivery less than ordered
Delivery is not ordered
Select a con-trol action
Product deliveries
Orderlines are replicated to the mobile controllers
New Supplier
orders.
Orderlines
Reduced product delivery
ANDJOIN
Update the local stock
Replicate the mobile registrations to the central ERP system
Error reports
Accepted product deliveries
Accepted product deliveries
End of workflow
ANDSPLIT
ANDSPLIT
Reduced orderline
InputInput is supplier orders or deliveries.
How would you implement the database of the workflow?
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A:
Workflow nodes
Places Activities
Colored tokens
Branches from one workflow node to another
from
to
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Integrated E-commerce workflows:
1. Design the workflow between an e-commerce system and an ERP system that manage the stocks of products?
2. Is the possible to use the ERP system of the suppliers if a product is out of stock?
Customers Orders Products Orderlines
Product-stocks Locations
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Example: Petri net Work flowfor global E-commerce transactions where the stocks are in the locations of the different suppliers.
1. Put products in the basket
Start
Timer
2. Confirm order-lines and update stocks in servers
4. Receive products from suppliers and update QUANTITY received
6. Send the rest of the products to the customer
End
3.Suppliers send products
Non confirmed order
Products
All products are received
5. Send the received products to the customer
Suborders
Canseled order
Stock rejected order
Confirmed order
OR split
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Sub- Petri net of activity 2
2.1 try to confirm thenext order-line
Order-line
An-swer
Nonconfirmedorder
2.2 Supplier's servertry to confirm
order-line
More order-lines
2.3 Update Order with supplieranswer for each order-line
All answers received
Order-line
Order
Order
2.4 Send Order with confirmanswers to the Customer. If theOrder was confirmed The Timeris set and confirming Sub-ordersare send to the involvedsuppliers.
Timer Sub-orders
Confirmed Order
Stockrejectedorder
When are the suborders committed globally in the location of the suppliers?
AND split
OR split
AND join
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Exercise
The figure illustrates an ER-diagram of a car rental company like Hertz or Avis.
Design a workflow for the car rental company including reservation, car pic up, car return, and car return service.
Customers
Car types
Reservations
Orders
Branch offices
Cars
GaragesGarage services
Pick up
Contracts
Car return
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Patient records
TreatmentsDiagnoses/diseases
Patient admits Sympthoms
Doctors
Ordinations
Ordination lines
Patient discharges
...
Entities of conceptual
objects
Entities of physical objects
...Patient admit types
Patient record subtypes
Figure 1. Generalized ER diagram of a local hospital database
Medical tests
Sympthom types
Disease types
Treatment types
Patient discharges
types
Medicin types
Medicin productsMedicin
companies
Patients_____ Patient IDNameAddress
Exercise: Design a workflow for producing healthy patients.
ER-diagram for a hospital.
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Opgave 1.30
Beskriv databasen for et transportfirma og dets underleverandører med et integreret logistikstyringssystem, hvor pakker kan indsættes i collies, som herefter kan indsættes i containers, der kan transporteres af firmaet selv eller andre operatører/underleverandører. Transportruternes enkelte dele kaldes ”legs”. Det er vigtigt for transportfirmaet altid at vide, hvor en pakke er også selv om der er opstået fejl, hvor f. eks. en pakke, collie eller container er blevet beskadiget og derefter genpakket. Det er også vigtigt altid at kunne vælge den optimale transportmulighed, som kan afhænge af både transporttid og pris. Beskriv herefter et workflow for det integrerede transportsystem.
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Hertil 1.3.2013
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Concept definitions used in logistics:
Pallet = wooden skeleton where packages may be stored in such a way that they all can be moved by a truck.
Collie = alle the packages that are stored on a pallet(palle).
Leg = Route or subroute where the transportation does not have stops
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ER-diagram of a logistics management system
Transport Orders Customers
Transport medias like ships, airplanes, and trucks.
Physical containers
Scheduled routes and legs
Orderlines
Packages, Collies and Containers
Locations
Route-leg hierarchy
Package- Collie hierarchy
Routes and legs
from
to
Damagerelationship
from to
Container-routesrelationships of order 3
Transport operator
Describe the local databases in the central location of the transport company, the locations of the integrated transport suppliers, and the mobile locations of the Transport medias. Design a workflow with focus on the integration of the local database locations.
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The ACID properties are implemented by a DBMS (DataBase Management System).Relaxed ACID properties are implemented by the application programs.
• Atomicity
• Concistency
• Isolation
• Durability
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Evaluation criteria
Distribution architectures
Synchronous distributed database management system (DDBMS)
Central database with distributed clients
Multidatabases with flexible transactions.(Relaxed ACID properties)
Hot backup possibility
n-safe and mirroring Only mirroring is possible
0- safe, 1 safe and mirroring
Read performance/capacity
Best Worst Average
Write performance Worst Average Best
Blocking possibility Yes No no
Ease of failure recovery
Worst (The systems are very complex)
Best Best
Disaster recovery Best Worst Average
The probability of lost data[1]
Best.pn
Worstp
Average
Transaction logging Not supported Not supported Recommended
Availability[2] 1-qn 1-q 1-qn
Atomicity Best Best Best
Consistency Best Best Worst
Isolation Best Best Worst
Durability Best Best Best
Develop-ment costs Best Best Worst
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Evaluation of distribution architectures 1.Evaluation criteria
Synchronous distributed database management system (DDBMS)
Central database with distributed clients
Multidatabases with flexible transactions.
Hot backup possibility
n-safe and mirroring Only mirroring is possible
0- safe, 1 safe and mirroring
Read per-formance/
capacity
Best Worst Average
Write per-formance
Worst Average Best
Blocking possibility
Yes No No
Ease of failure recovery
Worst (The systems are very complex)
Best Best
Ease of disaster recovery
Best Worst Average
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Evaluation of distribution architectures 2.Evaluation criteria
Synchronous distributed database management system (DDBMS)
Central database with distributed clients
Multidatabases with flexible transactions.
The probability of lost data
Best
pn
Worst p Average
Logging of the update transaction
Not supported Not supported Recommended
Availability 1-qn 1-q 1-qn
Atomicity Best Best Best
Consistency Best Best Worst
Isolation Best Best Worst
Durability Best Best Best
Develop-ment costs
Best Best Worst
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End of session
Thank you !!!Thank you !!!
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Database recovery:
Transaction types
Time
Time offailure
Check-pointtime
Transaction 1
Transaction 2
Transaction 3
Transaction 4
Transaction 5
Exersice.A DB logfile stores before images and after images of all dataabase updates. The logfile also stores transaction starts and commitments. Periodically the checkpoint records are logged with the IDs of all non committed transactions.
How is it possible to recover transaction types 1 to 5 after a transaction failure and a CPU failure respectively?
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Two Phase Commit (2PC) and Two Phase Locking (2PL)
Time
Transactionstart
Transactioncommit
Exercise.Describe the basic principles for the Two Phase Commit (2PC) recovery protocol and the Two Phase Locking (2PL) protocol for concurrency control.
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Exercise:
Describe exactly when a transaction is committed.
What is the difference between failure and disaster recovery?
Is the durability property always trustworthy?
Is it possible to run batch programs that lock many thousends records concurrent with on line updates that only locks a few records?
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ACID kravene til transaktionsafvikling:
• Atomicity = udelelighed.
• Concistency = konsistensen skal bevares
• Isolation = en transaktions opdateringer må ikke ses af andre før de er committede.
• Durability = Holdbarhed dvs. committede opdateringer skal kunne retableres.
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Full ACID løsninger. Relaxed ACID løsning.