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Course description of Course description of EconomicEconomic Geography Geography 105, 105, MondayMonday 99..550–10–111..2200 Altogether 1Altogether 133 lessons lessons

– 1 week cancelled: 1 week cancelled: 66thth AprilApril ( (Easter Monday)Easter Monday) Assessment: coursework markAssessment: coursework mark

– Written in-class test: Written in-class test: MMultiple choice test questions about the ultiple choice test questions about the material of the lectures (100%)material of the lectures (100%)

– Topographical exercise on an outlined map based on a given Topographical exercise on an outlined map based on a given list of geographical names (30%) list of geographical names (30%) –– recognition of recognition of geographical names on an outlined map: 142 cities and their geographical names on an outlined map: 142 cities and their countriescountries

This course triesThis course tries– to introduce to the discipline of (regional) economic to introduce to the discipline of (regional) economic

geographygeography– to help understanding what's going on in our mosaic-like to help understanding what's going on in our mosaic-like

world with geographic approach, concepts and toolsworld with geographic approach, concepts and tools– to expand the knowledge about major regions of the world to expand the knowledge about major regions of the world

and the similarities and differences among and inside themand the similarities and differences among and inside them– to take a holistic approach bringing together the world’s to take a holistic approach bringing together the world’s

environments, landscapes, people, cultures and economicsenvironments, landscapes, people, cultures and economics

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BibliographyBibliography

The lecture notes are mainly The lecture notes are mainly suggested for the preparationsuggested for the preparation

RecommendedRecommended readings readings– Bradshaw, M. – Dymond, J. – White, Bradshaw, M. – Dymond, J. – White,

G. – Chacko, E. 2011: G. – Chacko, E. 2011: Contemporary World Regional Contemporary World Regional Geography. 4th Edition. – McGraw-Geography. 4th Edition. – McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 620 p. ISBN: Hill Companies, Inc. 620 p. ISBN: 978-0071314732978-0071314732

– MacKinnon, D.–Cumbers, A. 2007: MacKinnon, D.–Cumbers, A. 2007: An introduction to economic An introduction to economic geography: globalization, uneven geography: globalization, uneven development and place. – Pearson development and place. – Pearson Education, 354 p. ISBN: 978-Education, 354 p. ISBN: 978-01312931680131293168

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Economic geography in the Economic geography in the structure of sciencesstructure of sciences

Concerns withConcerns with– SSpatial patterns of wealth and patial patterns of wealth and

povertypoverty– Use of resourcesUse of resources– Production, distribution and Production, distribution and

consumption of goodsconsumption of goods– Flows of labour and capitalFlows of labour and capital

2 parts:2 parts:– RRegionalegional economic geography economic geography– GGeneral economic geographyeneral economic geography

Strongly affected by Strongly affected by economics (especially economics (especially general general economic economic geographygeography))

Socialism: economic Socialism: economic geography was used geography was used instead of the term of instead of the term of the whole human the whole human geography (as a geography (as a complementary of complementary of physical geography)physical geography)

Development of the Development of the regions of the world regions of the world

economyeconomy

Economic GeographyEconomic GeographyI. International Business bachelor study programme (BA)I. International Business bachelor study programme (BA)Spring term 201Spring term 20144/201/20155..CUB Department of Economic Geography and Futures StudiesCUB Department of Economic Geography and Futures Studies

dr. Jeney Lászlódr. Jeney LászlóSenior lecturerSenior lecturer

jeney@caesar.elte.hujeney@caesar.elte.hu

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Main theoretical questions Main theoretical questions of world economyof world economy: :

definition and definition and characteristicscharacteristics

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Main theoretical questions of Main theoretical questions of the world economythe world economy

Modern world economy developed by a long Modern world economy developed by a long historical evolutionhistorical evolution

Age of the aAge of the appearance of modern world economyppearance of modern world economy is debatedis debated::– 1515thth–16–16thth century: century: at the at the Age of DiscoveryAge of Discovery– 1818thth–19–19thth century century (likely) (likely): at the appearance of national : at the appearance of national

economy at the age of classical capitalismeconomy at the age of classical capitalism A system with more actorsA system with more actors

1.1. National economiesNational economies: oldiest actors: oldiest actors

2.2. Transnational companies (tnc)Transnational companies (tnc)

3.3. International organizationsInternational organizations: newest actors: newest actors

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Similar conceptsSimilar concepts

World economy > aggregate of national World economy > aggregate of national economieseconomies– More effective allocation of resourcesMore effective allocation of resources– Global problems can be solved only on this level (more Global problems can be solved only on this level (more

and more questions arises what should be and more questions arises what should be internationally dealt)internationally dealt)

– Processes of world economy determines the ones of Processes of world economy determines the ones of national economiesnational economies

World economy World economy >> world market ( world market ( only the only the interactions among the national economies)interactions among the national economies)

World economy < world system (World economy < world system ( system of system of ethnical, cultural, military relations as well)ethnical, cultural, military relations as well)

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Universality but Universality but diversitydiversity

A world-wide economic unit of the mankindA world-wide economic unit of the mankind– EEven if hundred millions don’t integrated to the ven if hundred millions don’t integrated to the

circulationcirculation– Unified world market: connects with similar relations Unified world market: connects with similar relations

systems with different developmentsystems with different development– False statementFalse statement: : coexistence of a capitalist and a socialist world coexistence of a capitalist and a socialist world

economies economies and and world marketsworld markets Main cMain character of the contemporary world haracter of the contemporary world

economy: diversityeconomy: diversity– Lowest 25% of the countries: GNP per capita < 500 $Lowest 25% of the countries: GNP per capita < 500 $– Highest 10% of the countries: GNP per capita > 20000 $Highest 10% of the countries: GNP per capita > 20000 $– Informational society (internet) Informational society (internet) caravan routes caravan routes– ((PPost-)modern ost-)modern traditional pre-capitalist traditional pre-capitalist

organizationsorganizations– Conflicts instead of peaceful coexistenceConflicts instead of peaceful coexistence

GDP of the countries of the GDP of the countries of the World (on ppp), 2015.World (on ppp), 2015.

Source: WorldmapperSource: Worldmapper

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Main characteristics of the Main characteristics of the global core–periphery global core–periphery

relationshiprelationship

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Wallerstein: theory of Wallerstein: theory of core–peripherycore–periphery

New theoretical system: New theoretical system: world economy world economy forms an organic wholeforms an organic whole

DDetermined etermined socio–economic socio–economic structurestructure– The extreme poles: coreThe extreme poles: core and and pperipheryeriphery– Core–periphery relationship evolved between Core–periphery relationship evolved between

them in morethem in more dimension dimensionss: economic and : economic and political political determines the international determines the international factors of tradefactors of trade

InterdependenceInterdependence– Mutual: aMutual: action centre and gravity zone:ction centre and gravity zone:

different efficiency advantages different efficiency advantages specialization of national economies specialization of national economies world world wide specializationwide specialization

– Asymmetric: the extents of dependence, Asymmetric: the extents of dependence, advantages of specialization are not equaladvantages of specialization are not equal

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Historically Historically changing cores changing cores and peripheriesand peripheries HHistorically changing, but reproductive shapedistorically changing, but reproductive shaped Existed even before the appearance of the world Existed even before the appearance of the world

economy (classical capitalism)economy (classical capitalism)– But: the achievement of the relationship only laterBut: the achievement of the relationship only later

Not predestinationNot predestination– More core appeared and disappeared along the history More core appeared and disappeared along the history

(e.g. Egypt, Mesopotamia)(e.g. Egypt, Mesopotamia)– The catching-up was successful by more peripheriesThe catching-up was successful by more peripheries

(e.g. North America, Japan, Southeast Asia)(e.g. North America, Japan, Southeast Asia) The falling behind means other results at different The falling behind means other results at different

agesages– Being Core or Peripehery matters since tBeing Core or Peripehery matters since the evolution of he evolution of

the formation of capitalist production, the world the formation of capitalist production, the world economy economy (since then it became important)(since then it became important)

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Core–peripheryCore–periphery

Core–Core–pperiphery relationship: connection of the eriphery relationship: connection of the power centres evolved in large economic regions power centres evolved in large economic regions and their gravity zonesand their gravity zones– Core: action centre of fields, growth poles, hegemonic Core: action centre of fields, growth poles, hegemonic

country at the topcountry at the top (W-Eu, USA, Japan)(W-Eu, USA, Japan)– Semi-Periphery: on the inner marginSemi-Periphery: on the inner margin– Periphery: on the outer marginPeriphery: on the outer margin

CCharacteristic economic macroregionsharacteristic economic macroregions: America, : America, Europe–Africa, Far EastEurope–Africa, Far East– The relations of the action centres to each other is also The relations of the action centres to each other is also

changing changing the spatial structure/pattern of world the spatial structure/pattern of world economy also changeseconomy also changes

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Economic Economic geographic geographic division of the division of the WorldWorld Classic – 5 continents: Europe, Asia, America, Africa, Australia-OceaniaClassic – 5 continents: Europe, Asia, America, Africa, Australia-Oceania World economic position – 3 (or 2) units: Centre, Semi-Periphery, World economic position – 3 (or 2) units: Centre, Semi-Periphery,

Periphery (or North and South)Periphery (or North and South) Macroregions of the world economy – 3 units: America, Europe-Africa, Macroregions of the world economy – 3 units: America, Europe-Africa,

Far EastFar East Cultural regionsCultural regions

World economic position

Macroregions of the world economy

AmericaEurope-Africa

Debated Far East

Centre North America

Europe Australia East Asia

Semi-Periphery

Latin America

Islamic World

Southeast Asia

Periphery Tropical Africa

South Asia North and Inner Asia

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Core–PeripheryCore–Periphery

Rostow, Friedman: theory of economic growthRostow, Friedman: theory of economic growth Power of Core derives from its higher Power of Core derives from its higher

developmentdevelopment– Its interest: the establishment of the asymmetric Its interest: the establishment of the asymmetric

dependence (e.g. military, assimilation, trading dependence (e.g. military, assimilation, trading relations)relations)

Periphery: lagging structure Periphery: lagging structure dependent dependent position, acceptance of asymmetric relationsposition, acceptance of asymmetric relations– Delinking from the world is not alternativeDelinking from the world is not alternative

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CoreCore

Its state of development: in the forefront Its state of development: in the forefront of the ageof the age

Its development is autonomic and organicIts development is autonomic and organic– Self-modernization: derived from the inner Self-modernization: derived from the inner

structure and the inner motivation of the structure and the inner motivation of the societysociety

– Recognition of natural and human rules Recognition of natural and human rules getting the new resources getting the new resources ensure a more ensure a more higher state of satisfaction of needshigher state of satisfaction of needs

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PeripheryPeriphery

Falls behind the state of development of Falls behind the state of development of CoreCore

Does not move on an organic and Does not move on an organic and autonomic pathwayautonomic pathway

Its development based on copy of more Its development based on copy of more developed systems evolved under other developed systems evolved under other circumstances copied circumstances copied following samples following samples

Question: are the copied samples able to Question: are the copied samples able to be organic, to dynamize the whole be organic, to dynamize the whole structure?structure?

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Main theoretical questions of Main theoretical questions of the world economythe world economy

The essence is derived from the capitalist social formationsThe essence is derived from the capitalist social formations In relations of world economy: internationalization of forces In relations of world economy: internationalization of forces

of productionof production An organic wholeAn organic whole World economy is not homogeneous, causes:World economy is not homogeneous, causes:

– Characters due to the historic developmentCharacters due to the historic development– Contradictions of inner (national economic) and outer (world Contradictions of inner (national economic) and outer (world

economic) relationseconomic) relations– Different state of development of the partsDifferent state of development of the parts– Asymmetry of mutual dependenceAsymmetry of mutual dependence