1 corn 2006 ouachita fertilizer. 2 ouachita commitment to you increase yields lower costs help solve...
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Corn 2006
Ouachita Fertilizer
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Ouachita Commitment to you
• Increase yields•Lower costs•Help solve those production
problems that limit profitability (unique to each operation and farms within those operations)
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Delta Smart Systems
What is DSS?• A precise data-gathering system collected to
improve grower profitability
• Records production practices used on the farm
• Uses on-board combine computers to capture yield and moisture data
• Uses USDA grading standards to measure impact on quality
• Utilizes a large data base to analyze
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Delta Smart Systems
What is DSS?• More than just a database
• Ties together all production data with local weather station data
• Ties together all production data with field observations and samples
• Ouachita Fertilizer’s method of introducing the new science of crop phenology
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Crop Phenology
The scientific study of periodic biological phenomena, such as flowering and harvesting, in relation to climatic conditions.
Translation: Understanding how weather impacts crop production practices
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Delta Smart Systems
• Utilizes technology to reach higher yields and lower grower’s cost
• Increases crop uniformity, the key to higher yields
• Helps predict production grades for targeted markets
• Helps avoid repeated mistakes: continuous improvement
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Corn Acres in LA
380
710
315
870
580
520520
525 410500
330
600
0
200
400
600
800
1000
000 a
cres
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Corn Acres Cotton Acres
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Why Rotate Cotton with Corn?
• 200 pounds of additional lint and 10% to 15% more bushels per acre.
• Better utilization of equipment over a long period of time.
• Better utilization of applied fertilizer.
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Why Rotate Cotton with Corn?
• Increased organic matter increases water infiltration and enhances nutrient activity.
• Corn lowers populations of reniform nematode
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Monroe Corn Weather: GDUs
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2003 2004 2005
Tot
al G
DU
s
March April May J une J uly
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Monroe Corn Weather: Rain
Monroe Rain/Month 2003 2004 2005
March 4.2 8.0 4.5
April 4.92 4.9 5.5
May 6.8 11.2 4.8
June 6.2 13.9 1.6
July 5.6 7.2 3.7
Total inches 27.7 45.2 20.0
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DSS for Corn 2004 & 2005
•12,742 acres enrolled•255 different fields•29 hybrids evaluated
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How do We Increase Profits?
Based on DSS:• Planting Date• Variety Selection• Upgrade Fertility Program• Control Bugs• Planting Operations
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Planting Date
Planting Date Irrigated
Non-Irrigated
03/11 to 03/27 164 127
03/28 to 04/30 158 115
Yield Bu./Acre
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Variety Selection = Real $$$
Variety Selection is the single most important decision a grower makes when producing corn. DSS yields in 2004 show a difference of $118 per acre in profit by placing a good variety in the wrong place.
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Hybrid SelectionIrrigated
Brand Top Yield Avg. Yield
DKC 6971 230 191
P32 D99 190 173
DKC 6970 163 153
DG 58K15 210 191Average Whole Community - 162
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Hybrid SelectionNon -Irrigated
Brand Top Yield Avg. Yield
DKC 6145 235 193
P31 R88 180 157
DKC 6971 180 141
DKC 6352 155 135Average Whole Community - 120
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Variety Selection to Reduce Aflatoxin
• Use Bt where possible• Select varieties for
•hard kernels•complete shuck
coverage •good drought tolerance•full-season (>115 days)
maturity
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Fertility to Reduce Aflatoxin
•Fertility stress is a major factor•Aflatoxin is helped by hot
weather. Potash “cools” the plant•Aflatoxin is helped by dry
weather. Phosphates help “water” the plant
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Fertility to Reduce Aflatoxin
Fertility stress is a major factor •During the past five years, the LSU has tested more than 2,000 samples of soils with the following results:
•25% had a pH of less than 5.5 •19% tested low in phosphorus •42% tested low in potassium
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Potash’s Role in Corn Production
•Critical to cool the plant•Builds plant proteins•#1 defense against disease•Responsible for corn stalk
strength and lodging resistance
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Potash Increases Corn Yields
120
125130
135
140145
150155
Bu/
A
40 lbs K 0 lbs K
Potash Increases Corn YieldsIn the DSS Program in 2004, adding just 40 lbs per acre of banded potash (equal to 80 lbs. broadcast) added 20 bushels of corn per acre.
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High-Yield Corn Needs Potash
• Photo shows K deficiency even with very high soil levels when adding 200 lbs. N
• Need to balance potash with nitrogen
• Add 40 lbs. per acre as a sidedress or 80 lbs. per acre with burndown on very high-testing soils. Apply both with medium or low soil levels.
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Potash Rates in 2005
0
50
100
150
200
250
Timely Planted Corn Late Planted Corn
30 lbs./a
60 lbs./a
80 lbs./a
Higher K rates on late planted corn helped overcome yield drag
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2005 Plant Tissue Samples
• Corn needs to have 2.25% k or higher for top yields
• Banded K had higher K levels in 2005
% potash GS 9
Banded 2.2Broadcast 1.9
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Phosphorous’ Role in Corn Production
•Increases water use efficiency •Critical in energy conversion•Root formation and growth•Seed formation (kernel numbers
and rows) and quality•Hastens maturity
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P Increases Corn Yields
100
120
140
160
180B
u/A
65 lbs. P 35 lbs. P 0 lbs. P
Phosphates Increases Corn
Yields
In the DSS Program in 2004, adding just 35 lbs per acre of phosphate in a band or 65 lbs. broadcast added more bushels of corn per acre.
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Banding Increases Efficiency
•Phosphates (P) and potash (K) get tied-up in the soil:•1 lb. P & K in a band = 2 lbs. broadcast
•Injecting puts fertilizer in root zone
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Zinc in 2005
• Adequate Zn levels lead to more uniform flowering and uniformity.
The Value of Zinc
162148
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 Zinc 1 lb. /A Zinc
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2005 Corn Plant Tissue
• The P/Zn ratio is the best indicator of zinc levels
• Levels greater than 1.5 are deficient
• Banding zinc is the most efficient way to apply the nutrient
P/Zn Ratio at GS 3
Banded 1.1Broadcast 1.6
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Nitrogen on Corn
• Requires 1.5 lbs. of nitrogen per bushel of corn
• Subtract soil residuals and amendments
• Must be balanced with potash• Broadcast 30 lbs. with burndown• Sidedress balance
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Optimum N Rates in 2005
I rrigated
100
140
180
220
Bu./A
Bu.
/A
180 lbs./A 220 lbs. /A
Non- I rrigated
100
140
180
220
Bu./A
180 lbs./A 200 lbs. /A
156 210 166 127
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2005 Plant Tissue Samples
• Early N needs to be 5.0 for highest yields
• Growth Stage 3 is between 350 and 500 GDUs
• In 2005 = mid-April
2005 Avg. %
Nitrogen GS 3 Bu./A
5.1 2114.6 1974.0 1493.4 127
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Increasing Early N in Corn
•Broadcast 30 lbs./acre nitrogen with burndown
•Add more N plus K to pop-up
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Corn Seeding PopulationsIrrigated
• The highest yield in 2005 came from fields planted at 33,000 seeds per acre
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Corn Seeding PopulationsNon-Irrigated
• The highest yield in 2004 came from fields planted at 29,000 seeds per acre
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Optimum Harvest Population
According to Pioneer, corn populations over 26,000 in their full-season maturities (>113 day) actually reduced yields.
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Population Recommendations
• Most 113 day+ maturities do not like seed populations over 29,000
• Several do very well with populations less than 26,000
• Understand the recommended population for the variety selected
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2004 Corn Insecticide Seed Treatments
Irrigated, Conventional
Bu/A %M GI*
Seed Treatment 219 19.5 $448
None 209 19.3 $430
Irrigation, notill
Seed Treatment 206 19.8 $419
None 196 18.9 $406
Seed treatments include Cruiser, Cruiser Extreme, Apron XL, Maxim XL and Poncho 250. *: includes cost of treatment
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IST Comparisons
Wireworm
White Grub
Cutworm
SCMFlea Beet
le
Chinch
Bug
Cruiser Extreme ™
2 2 4 2 1 2*
Poncho™
2502 2 4 2 2 2
Force ® 3G
2 2 1 2 NL 5
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Corn Insect Seed Treatments
•Most varieties now come with Poncho 250 or Cruiser Extreme Pak
•Much lower cost than granular insecticides
•Cannot return treated seed
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Corn Seedling Diseases
In 2004, corn seedling diseases from Fusarium (see photo) and Rhizoctonia were fairly common
Cruiser Extreme Pak now contains Dynasty®, an added fungicide
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Planter Calibration
• Researchers claim a 10 to 15% reduction in yields by using poorly calibrated planters.
• Results showed an increase of up to 23 bushels per acre
• Uneven seed depth lowers yields by 5%
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Planting Depth Affects Yields
•Shallow planting lowered yields by 11 bushels in 2001.
•Plant corn between 1 1/2 to 2 inches deep.
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Planting Depth Affects Yields
•Shallow planting caused less roots which caused a N deficiency.
•The plant on the right is still green.
•Shallow planting inhibits root development.
•Less roots means less available plant food.
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Effect of Planting Speed
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Harvest Management to Minimize Aflatoxin
• Minimize trash and broken kernels in combine hopper.
• Begin harvest when grain moisture is about 24% and dry the grain to 15% moisture as soon as possible.
• Thoroughly clean auger wells and pits around dump stations before and after use.
• Remove grain from trucks, trailers, holding bins, drying facilities and storage bins before beginning a new lot of grain.
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Non IrrigatedCorn 2005
• Plant as early as possible. In 2005 could have planted March 5th. 35 Cumulative Heat Units in 5 days with increasing temperatures.
• Plant BT Corn where possible• Plant no more than 29,000 Seed per Acre• Use Seed Treatment• Apply 180-45-60-15 with 1# Zn• Need to get 30-35# N out at or before
Planting• Pop Up Fertilizer with K in it.
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IrrigatedCorn 2005
• Plant as early as possible. In 2005 could have planted March 5th. 35 Cumulative Heat Units in 5 days with increasing temperatures.
• Select Varieties that support your yield goals. (Have good disease resistance)
• Plant BT Corn where possible, remember your refuge
• Plant between 29,000 and 33,000 seeds per acre, based on Variety and Planting Date
• Use Seed Treatment
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IrrigatedCorn 2005 cont…
• Irrigate in a timely manner based on Crop needs and amount supplied by rainfall
• Apply at least 30# N Pre-plant or at Planting• Side dress 170 lbs of N• Apply a total of 200-65-80-20 with 1 lb. Zn.
Possibility of additional 30lb. N prior to tassel based on Tissue Test and Yield Potential.
• Monitor Crop for Disease and Apply Fungicide if necessary
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Thank you!
Ouachita Fertilizer