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Colonization to Independence

1. Describe the Enlightenment and the rise of democratic ideas as the context in which the nation was founded.

2. Analyze the ideological origins of the American Revolution, the Founding Fathers’ philosophy of divinely bestowed unalienable natural rights . . .

11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation and its attempts to realize the philosophy of government described in the Declaration of Independence.

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Why did the colonies revolt against England?

1. The Great Awakening

2. Oppressive laws and taxes

3. Enlightenment philosophy

(among other things)

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ENGLISH ARRIVEDESTABLISHED THE FIRST

COLONY IN THE “NEW WORLD” on May 14, 1607

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JAMESTOWN AND THE VIRGINIA COLONY

THE VIRGINIA COMPANY OF LONDON CHARTERED BY KING JAMES I OF ENGLAND TO SETTLE IN THE

“NEW WORLD”.

WHY? HOPES OF FINDING WEALTH.

BUT HUNDREDS OF THE ORIGINAL COLONISTS DIED FROM STARVATION, DISEASE, AND NATIVE

AMERICAN ATTACKS.

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Despite harsh conditions, America is heavily colonized in the 1600 and 1700s

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13 colonies formed along the east coast

What were the names of these colonies?

Massachusetts

New Hampshire

Delaware

Rhode Island

New York

New Jersey

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

Maryland

Virginia

North Carolina

Connecticut

Georgia

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THE GREAT AWAKENING

RELIGIOUS MOVEMENT EARLY 1700s.

STRESSED INDIVIDUAL RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE. YOU DON’T NEED CHURCH LEADERS TO CONNECT WITH GOD

A SENSE OF EQUALITY - ALL PEOPLE COULD TAKE AN ACTIVE ROLE IN THE CHURCH

INFLUENCED THE SENSE OF FREEDOM AND INDEPENDENCE AMONG THE COMMON MAN

JONATHON EDWARDS

GEORGE WHITEFIELD

INFLUENTIAL MINISTERS

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•1760’s - colonists begin protesting unfavorable taxes and “taxation without representation”

SUGAR ACT OF 1764 WHICH ACTUALLY LOWERED THE TAX ON SUGAR BUT TIGHTENED ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAW AND CRACKED DOWN ON SMUGGLING

STAMP ACT OF 1765 WHICH TAXED ALL PRINTED MATERIALS FROM NEWSPAPERS TO COLLEGE DIPLOMAS

•DECLARATORY ACT 1766 AUTHORIZED PARLIAMENT TO MAKE LAWS WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF THE COLONISTS’

•TOWNSEND ACTS OF 1767 TAXED EXPORTED GOODS AND CREATED A CUSTOMS BOARD TO DESTROY SMUGGLING

TEA ACT 1773 TAX TO PROTECT THE MONOPOLISTIC EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY

COERCIVE ACTS 1774 WERE DESIGNED TO PUNISH COLONISTS FOR BOSTON TEA PARTY AND MAKE THEM SUBMIT TO THE WILL OF THE BRITISH KING

Oppressive laws and taxes

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PROTESTS were sometimes violent

THE TAX COLLECTOR TARRED, FEATHERED,

AND FORCED TO DRINK STEAMING HOT TEA

PROTESTS OVER THE NEW TAXES LED TO THE

CREATION OF GROUPS SUCH AS THE SONS OF LIBERTY

WHO WERE WILLING TO USE VIOLENCE IF NECESSARY TO

CONVINCE THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT TO REPEAL THE LAWS MADE WITHOUT

REPRESENTATION

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BOSTON MASSACRE

1770

THE BRITISH SENT TROOPS TO BOSTON IN AN ATTEMPT TO RESTORE ORDER,

HOWEVER A CLASH BETWEEN SOLDIERS AND TOWNSPEOPLE

RESULTED IN 5 COLONISTS’ DEATHS.

THE TROOPS WERE BASICALLY

ACQUITTED IN A TRIAL, WHICH

FUELED THE ANGER OF THE COLONISTS.

ENGRAVING OF THE

EVENT BY PAUL REVERE

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ABOUT 50 MEMBERS OF THE SONS OF LIBERTY ORGANIZATION DRESSED UP AS MOHAWK INDIANS AND DUMPED THOUSANDS OF

POUNDS OF TEA FROM 3 SHIPS INTO THE BOSTON HARBOR.

BOSTON TEA PARTY 1773

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• Colonial leaders were influenced by Age of Enlightenment thinkers, especially

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke

Enlightenment Philosophy

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Thomas Hobbes:Natural Rights

• Man is born with “natural rights”• Power and authority to rule come from the

consent of the governed

The King of England claimed that the power to rule came from GODAnd that the king decided what rights people had.

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John Locke:

• Citizens have a right to change or get rid of an unjust government if it does not preserve citizen’s property (life, liberty, & estates)

“That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends [protection of life liberty, and estates], it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it . . .”

-John Locke

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Declaration of Independence, 1776• Declared the US is a self-governing country

• Based on Enlightenment ideas that: – Men have natural rights, endowed by God– Citizens have the right to change government

when it does not protect these rights

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed . . .”

– Declaration of Independence

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Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

•Thomas Jefferson•Approved by representatives of the colonies

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Summary

• Write a summary of these notes

• 5-8 complete sentences

• Use specific information from the notes