1 Climate and Fisheries Sector2 Impact of climate change on fisheries sector2 Impact of climate change on fisheries sector3 Climate change adaptation in fisheries sector4 REcommendation5 P d POA f D F5 Proposed POA for DoF

Bangladesh most at risk from climate change

The country will face the biggest risks from global warming The country will face the biggest risks from global warming in the next 30 years

Poverty and large low-lying coastal regions prone to floods Poverty and large low-lying coastal regions prone to floods and cyclones were among factors making Bangladesh the number 1 exposed country to climate changep y g

Climate change impacts gradually over a wide range of livelihoods in g p g y gdifferent settings including fisheries

Drought and siltation are reducing over wintering habitat for fish resulting i t l it t i t i fi ld t t i l d fi h i into less recruitment into grazing field to grow open water inland fisheries

Reduced water flow in the Ganges rivers basin has resulted in a severe depletion of fisheries depletion of fisheries

Due to decrease in groundwater and surface water, tremendous pressure has been exerted on wetlands to convert them to crop land, resulting in a serious decline in the numbers of fish species and the fish production as a whole

Indeed, there may be nowhere in world where effects of climate world where effects of climate change and other natural & anthropogenic activities on fish sector biodiversity and sector – biodiversity and production are more apparent than Bangladesh

Bangladesh in 2009 witnessed the lowest rainfall in past 15 years (since 1994) Bangladesh in 2009 witnessed the lowest rainfall in past 15 years (since 1994) with experts attributing erratic pattern to global climatic change

Excessive rainfall in several parts of the country affected standing aman crops p y g pwhile farmers complained that less rainfall affected major crop in some areas

More intense and longer droughts since 1970s in almost all areas especially in north Bengal Poorer water quality and less availability for aquaculture and reduced production of wild fish; Loss of wild and cultured stocksConflicts among water users: irrigation to paddy fields gets the priorityDamage to aquaculture and increased cost of productioncost of production

Time series of all-Bangladesh e se es o a a g adesannual mean temperatures during 1948-2007 (CCC, 2009)

Impacts of cyclones and tornados on fish sectorImpacts of cyclones and tornados on fish sector

Loss of human – fishers and othersSevere loss of aquaculture stocks, agricultural crops, livelihood and biodiversityand biodiversityCommunication disruption affect fish/input tradeDamage and destruction of infrastructure aquaculture facilities Damage and destruction of infrastructure, aquaculture facilities and fishing crafts and gearsImpacts on wild fish recruitment and stocksAquatic Environmental degradation

Serious aquatic environmental degradation caused by climatic and anthropogenic reasons

Ground water sinking and contamination Surface water squeezing and pollutionEncroachment of rivers and other water bodiesChange of bio-physico-chemical properties of waterSpatial loss of open water due to siltationSpatial loss of open water due to siltationProduction system in fisheries and aquaculture affectedLoss of biodiversity Considerable damages of wetlands and forests

Bangladesh is gradually losing itsBangladesh is gradually losing its precious aquatic flora and fauna, many aquatic species are becoming rare some ha e alread becomerare; some have already become extinct

Direct impacts on fish biology & dynamicsp gy y

Effect in reproduction and growth of fishChanges in Species composition, abundance and distributionEffects on aquacultureqImpacts on habitat quality and migrationHabitability area changesHabitability area changesEffect on marine fisheries

Climate change, fisheries and Barind tract

Serious threat to indigenous fish, particularly small ones, as most of the water bodies are now dying in Barind tractB di d i fi ld f fi h d ti ll d d d t Breeding and grazing fields of fish drastically reduced due to abnormal situation coupled with siltation in the big rivers and tributaries, water-bodies, floodplains and other wetlands. Scanty rainfall and scorching heat causing habitat degradation of native fishOver-fishing and destructive fishing adding further fuel in depletion of fish resources and elimination of precious indigenous fish stock

Overall fish production in inland open water declined due to -– Movement and migratory route within river, from river to beel and

floodplain and within floodplain have been blocked which caused floodplain and within floodplain have been blocked which caused reduction of fish production in open water

– Recruitment of new fishes are going down every year due to squeezing and/or destruction of habitats

Fish farmer are struggling with higher production costHatcheries production also declined due to water scarcity higher & Hatcheries production also declined due to water scarcity, higher & lower temperature, day-night temperature fluctuation.Aquatic biodiversity and fish abundancesRiver’s biodiversity and fish abundances due to apply illegal poison in Kole/Damus of riverAdverse impacts on livelihood of the Adverse impacts on livelihood of the root level stakeholders

Impact of temperature variation and rainfall on fish biology Impact of temperature variation and rainfall on fish biology h t h d h t h d t l lt l l–– hatchery and growhatchery and grow--out levelout level

Fish don’t ovulate properlyFish don t ovulate properlyLower growth rateFewer eggsDeformity of fryEggs not fertilizeLower survival rate Loss of yieldLower survival rateLower hatching rate

Loss of yieldLower survival rateMass mortality (few cases)Mass mortality (few cases)Increased production costDeclined profitDeclined profitFarmers/fishers are frustrated

Impacts of CC on fisheries and aquaculture production system

Fish biology, aquatic habitat, biodiversity and ecosystemFish biology, aquatic habitat, biodiversity and ecosystemFish propagation and production systemWater Quantity, Retention and Quality Fish diversity, abundances and livelihoods of fishers

Indigenous fish diversity

Some of the most impacted/damaged fish population are, tengra, bujuri, batashi, shingh, population are, tengra, bujuri, batashi, shingh, pabda, gulsha, air, nondui (bheda), ritha (rita), banshpata, kaunya (ghagla or arwari), raek (tatkini), sarpunti, jaita punti (jat punti), daira/sap daira(bou/rani), magur, cheng, shoti (taki), shol, gozar, baim guchi tara baim etc baim, guchi, tara baim etc

Extinct or near extinct fishes kaunya elong ritha Extinct or near extinct fishes kaunya, elong, ritha, pabda, phasa, shilong, bacha and gaura

Climate change adaptation to fisheries and aquaculture

Introduction of Short-term Safe Aquaculture System for aquacultureRegulation of selective fishing gears, mesh sizes, and stop fishing by dewatering and poisoningdewatering and poisoningCulture fish in damus/kole (January-June) using CBFM approachEstablishment of natural beel nurseries and fish sanctuariesEstablishment of natural beel nurseries and fish sanctuariesImplementation of stock enhancement programsZero tolerance to new exotic fish introductionZero tolerance to new exotic fish introductionEstablishment of more Community-based Organizations Strict application of existing fisheries rules and regulationspp g gManagement of Jolmohals should go under the jurisdiction of DoFMaintenance of minimum 1 m water during extraction from critical water bodies

Ongoing adaptive measuresOngoing adaptive measuresFish Farmers

Trying to culture fish with irrigated water, who can affordA number of fish farmers are mono-culturing monosex tilapia instead of mixed carp culturemixed carp cultureHigh temperature tolerant species like tilapia (monosex tilapia) have been along with short cycled fish like Thai sarpunti and silver carp500-700 g large carps are stocked for short periodAs rice mono-culture, now-a-days gives very little profit, all farmers should be motivated to culture fish in irrigated rice field wherever should be motivated to culture fish in irrigated rice field, wherever facilities are available to minimize the cost of rice production

FishersNot much they can do, trying to make fellow fishers aware about harmful effect of illegal fishing by destructive gears

Undertake mass awareness program on adverse

Overall strategies for reducing CC risks & adaptation

Undertake mass awareness program on adverse impact of Climate Change and DisasterBuild capacity of DoF and its Officials for reducing CC p y grisks and CC adaptation in fisheries and aquaculture. Further, undertake need based training program for all stakeholdersstakeholdersEstablish Climate Change Cell & Core Group in DoFwhich will undertake effective initiatives for fisheries c u de ta e e ect e t at es o s e esDRR and CCAContinual implementation of fish act to conserve fishes and increase fish production in open water as wellI i t t l di ti f Increase inter-sectoral coordination for program planning and implementation

Importance of CC risks management and adaptation in fisheries and aquacultureAgree and Establish climate change as the real threat to fisheries sectorNeed to adapt to climate change in fisheries sector

Key Recommendations

Build institutional level capacity for mainstream CC issueStrengthen coordination among institutions GOs NGOs Universities Strengthen coordination among institutions – GOs, NGOs, Universities & research institutesMore researches in each risks & vulnerabilities areas Build individual level capacity of DoF Officials and key actors involved

Resource Improvement

Undertake aquatic habitat restoration programmeRe excavation of connecting canals (river beelRe-excavation of connecting canals (river-beel-flood plain) for better water retention and continuous water flowcontinuous water flowCapital dredging of river basin

Component 1 Policy Guideline

Component 2 Institutional Setup & Further Institutional Development Component 3 Knowledge Management, Awareness Building and

Dissemination

Component 4 Training, Research, Innovation and Existing Adaptive Measures

Component 5 Strengthening Disaster Preparedness – early Warning and Activities during and immediately after Disaster

Component 6 Fund Solicitation and Management in Fisheries DRRComponent 6 Fund Solicitation and Management in Fisheries DRR and CCA

Proposed six DRR Centers under the DRRW of DoF

Disaster Area Coverage Proposed LocationSalinity, sea level rise

The coast - Satkhira, Khulna, Bagerhat, Patuakhali, Barisal Chittagong & Cox’s B d th t l d

Cox’s Bazar with a sub-center in Khulna or S tkhi S d bBazar and other near-coastal areas and

deep seasSatkhira - Sundarban

Drought Rajshahi, and Rangpur division and h d h ff d

Natore -Chalan Beel or P b iother drought affected areas Parbatipur

Downpour, flush flood

Greater Sylhet-Mymensingh Haor Basin and other flush flood affected areas

Sunamgonj with a sub-center in Netrokona

Flood Sirajgonj, Pabna, Jamalpur, Manikgonj, Rajbari, Gopalgonj, Shariatpur, Magura and other flood affected areas

Jamalpur or Shariatpur

Extreme events –Tornados, water surge

The coast - Satkhira, Khulna, Bagerhat, Patuakhali, Barisal Chittagong & Cox’s Bazar and other near-coastal area

Patuakhali or Cox’s Bazar

Extreme events –North-western (Kalboishakhi)

Dhaka division, Greater Comilla and other Kalboishakhi affected areas

Gazipur or Brahmanbaria

FishersFi h F Fish Farmers DoF OfficialsField Level DAE & DoE OfficialsDoE Officials