1 circulatory system i.overview a.includes heart, blood, and blood vessels b.functions of the...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Circulatory System
I. OverviewA. Includes heart, blood, and blood vessels
B. Functions of the Circulatory System (CS)
1. Internal transportation system
a. Delivers O2 and nutrients to cells
b. Removes CO2 and other wastes from cells
2. Heart pumps blood throughout the body
2
Circulatory System
II. Circulation (Movement of blood)A. Coronary circulation: the flow of blood to
and from the tissues of the heartB. Pulmonary circulation: the heart pumps
oxygen-poor blood to the lungs where it is oxygenated and returned to the heart
C. Systemic circulation: oxygen-rich blood flows from the heart to the organs and tissues of the body, and oxygen-poor blood returns to the heart from the body
4
III. HeartA. The heart is divided into
two sides by the septum
1. Septum – A thick wall of tissue that separates the heart into left & right sides
2. Prevents oxygen-rich blood from mixing with oxygen-poor blood
Septum
5
B. There are four chambers in the heart
1. Two upper chambers are called atriaa. Receive blood from body
and lungs
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
6
2. Two lower chambers called ventricles
a. Pump blood to body and lungs
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
7
3. The atrium & ventricles on the right have oxygen-poor blood returning from the body
Oxygen poor blood
8
4. The atrium & ventricles on the left have oxygen-rich blood returning from the lungs
Oxygen rich blood
12
IV. Blood Vessels (3 Main Types)
A. Arteries1. Carry blood AWAY from the heart to tissues
and organs.
2. Thick walled and muscular WHY?
3. The Aorta is the largest artery, & carries
blood from the heart to the rest of the body. Artery Capillary Vein
13
B. Capillaries1. Connect veins & arteries
2. Walls are very thin and porous to exchange materials What materials?
Artery Capillary Vein
14
C. Veins1. Carry blood to the heart.
2. Thin-walled and muscular.
3. Many are located near and between skeletal muscles (WHY?)
4. Large veins contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.
Artery Capillary Vein
15
D. Blood Pressure
1. Force of blood on the walls of blood vessels
2. Highest in arteries, lowest in veins
3. Rises and falls with heart beat
4. Normal is below 120/80a. First number is systolic (blood is being pumped)
b. Second number is diastolic (heart refills w/blood)
16
V. BloodA. General information:
1. Human body contains 4-6 liters2. Carries oxygen (lungs) and nutrients
(digestive system) to body, and carbon dioxide from body to lungs
3. Carries waste products from cells to kidneys4. Fight infection and heals wounds5. There are 4 components to blood:
a. Plasma.b. Red blood cells.c. White blood cellsd. Platelets
17
B. Plasma
1. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood.
2. Plasma is 92% water.
3. Plasma carries nutrients, salts, hormones, enzymes, wastes, white blood cells, & red blood cells.
18
C. Red Blood Cells (RBC)1. Red blood cells carry
oxygen & carbon dioxide throughout the body.
2. Have hemoglobin which binds to oxygen and carries it in the RBC.
3. RBC’s are made in bone marrow
19
D. White blood cells (WBC)1. White blood cells protect the body against
infection.
2. Most are created in bone marrow
21
Whole Blood Sample
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Sample Placed in Centrifuge
Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged
The separation of blood
22
VI. Cardiovascular Disease
A. Atherosclerosis1. Atherosclerosis is
caused by fatty deposits which build up on the inner walls of the arteries.
2. The most common cause of heart attacks today
3. Kills over 1 million Americans a year
23
B. Hypertension1. High blood pressure
2. Damages blood vessels and makes the heart work harder.
3. Can cause strokes & contribute to heart attacks.
C. Aneurysm1. Weakened, bulging artery
wall; can burst
2. No symptoms!