1 chemical bonding why bond anyway? – increase stability – decrease potential energy… stored...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Chemical Bonding• Why bond anyway?
– Increase Stability– Decrease Potential Energy… stored energy is difficult to maintain (batteries expire, food spoils).
• What is a bond?– an attractive force between atoms or ions that binds them together as a unit.
2
Chemical Bonding• Determining Bond Type
– There are two main bond types ionic and covalent.– Ionic bonds can be identified because...
• The first element is a metal (cation)• The second element is a nonmetal (anion)• The formula may include a polyatomic ion… look for formulae that start with a metal and have 3 or more elements.
– Covalent bonds can be identified because...
• The first element is a nonmetal• So is the second element; these formulae are composed of nonmetals exclusively.
3
Cations & AnionsHH
LiLi
NaNa
KK
RbRb
CsCs
FrFr
BeBe
MgMg
CaCa
SrSr
BaBa
RaRa
BkBk
ScSc
YY
CfCf
TiTi
ZrZr
HfHf
RfRf
CeCe
EsEs
VV
NbNb
TaTa
DbDb
PrPr
ThTh FmFm
CrCr
MoMo
WW
SgSg
NdNd
PaPa MdMd
MnMn
TcTc
ReRe
BhBh
PmPm
UU NoNo
FeFe
RuRu
OsOs
HsHs
SmSm
NpNp
CoCo
RhRh
IrIr
MtMt
EuEu
PuPu
NiNi
PdPd
PtPt
DsDs
GdGd
AmAm
CuCu
AgAg
AuAu
RgRg
TbTb
CmCm
ZnZn
CdCd
HgHg
UubUub
DyDy
BB
AlAl
GaGa
InIn
TlTl
UutUut
HoHo
CC
SiSi
GeGe
SnSn
PbPb
UuqUuq
ErEr
NN
PP
AsAs
SbSb
BiBi
UupUup
TmTm
OO
SS
SeSe
TeTe
PoPo
UuhUuh
YbYb
FF
ClCl
BrBr
II
AtAt
HeHe
NeNe
ArAr
KrKr
XeXe
RnRn
CC NN OOCC NN
SS
OOCC NN
PP SS
OOCC NN
SeSe
PP SS
OOCC NNCC NN OOCC NN
SS
OOCC NN
PP SS
OOCC NN
SeSe
PP SS
OOCC NN
LaLa
AcAc
LuLu
LrLr
HH
+1
+2 +4+3 -3 -1-20
Lots of positive possibilities+1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7
-4-1
For the time being look at the oxidation states of metals provided on the Periodic Table as charges
4
Common Polyatomic Ions1- charge 2- charge 3- charge
Formula Name Formula
Name Formula
Name
H2PO4- Dihydrogen
phosphateHPO4
2- Hydrogen phosphate
PO33- Phosphit
e
C2H3O2- Acetate C2O4
2- Oxalate PO43- Phospha
te
HSO3- Hydrogen sulfite SO3
2- Sulfite BO33- Borate
HSO4- Hydrogen sulfate SO4
2- Sulfate
HCO3- Hydrogen
carbonateCO3
2- Carbonate
NO2- Nitrite CrO4
2- Chromate
NO3- Nitrate Cr2O7
2- Dichromate
CN- Cyanide SiO32- Silicate
OH- Hydroxide 1+ charge
MnO4- Permanganate Formu
laName
ClO- Hypochlorite NH4+ Ammoni
um
ClO2- Chlorite
ClO3- Chlorate
ClO4- Perchlorate
5
Ionic Formulae• Formula Structure
– Elements present– Subscripts* (shows how much of each element)
NaNO3
* If no subscript is present it means that there is only one atom of that elementThis is a formula unit of an ionic compound.
This is sodium nitrate.
6
• Naming Rules– Write the names of both ions, cation first.– Change the ending of monatomic anions to -ide.
• Polyatomic ions have special names that are not to be altered.
– Stock System: Use Roman numerals to show the charge of a cation if more than one is possible.
• The overall charge must equal zero.
Example: Fe(NO3)2 becomes
iron (II) nitrateiron
Ionic Nomenclature
(II)nitrate
NO3- NO3
- → 2- charge; Fex+ must therefore have a 2+ charge
7
– This is the fastest way to determine an ionic formula. This requires some rough drafting.
Step 1: Write the Ions out (cation on the left, anion on the right)
Step 2: Paying no attention to the charge criss-cross the numbers appearing with each ion to the other ion so that they become a subscript.Step 3: Reduce/Simplify these numbers so they are the simplest whole number ratio.
Example:
Ionic NomenclatureThe Criss-Cross Method
Fe2+PO43-Fe2 PO43Fe3(PO4)23
(PO4)2Fe
cation on the leftanion on the right
Step 3, not necessary for this compound.
8
• Puzzle pieces – Cations & Anions– Take the 14 cations and 13 anions provided.– Come up with as many chemical combinations as you can (there are 182 possibilities).
– You may use the Criss-Cross method rather than the puzzle pieces.
– Write the chemical formula and name of each.
• Follow the naming rules and ONLY use one cation and one anion type at a time.
Example:
Ionic Nomenclature Practice
Al3+
aluminumAlNO2
2+
Aluminum nitriteAl(NO2)2
1+
Aluminum nitriteAl(NO2)3
Aluminum nitrite
9
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
FeOiron (II) oxide
Fe2Ciron (II) carbide
FeCl2iron (II) chloride
Go To Next Slide
Fe3(PO4)2iron (II)
phosphate
Fe(NO2)2iron (II) nitrite
FeSiron (II) sulfide
FeSO3iron (II) sulfite
Fe(ClO)2iron (II)
hypochlorite
Fe3(BO3)2iron (II) borate
Fe3N2iron (II) nitride
Fe (C2H3O2)2
iron (II) acetate
FeF2
iron (II) fluoride
FeSO4
iron (II) sulfate
10
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Li 2Olithium oxide
Li 4Clithium carbide
Li Cllithium chloride
Li 3PO4lithium phosphate
Li 2Slithium sulfide
Li NO2
lithium nitrite
Li 2SO3
lithium sulfite
Li ClOlithium
hypochlorite
Li 3BO3
lithium borate
Li 3Nlithium nitride
Li C2H3O2
lithium acetate
LiFlithium fluoride
Li2SO4
lithium sulfate
11
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Cu2Ocopper (I) oxide
Cu4Ccopper (I) carbide
CuClcopper (I) chloride
Cu3PO4
copper (I) phosphate
Cu2Scopper (I)
sulfide
CuNO2
copper (I) nitrite
Cu2SO3
copper (I) sulfite
CuClOcopper (I)
hypochlorite
Cu3BO3
copper (I) borateCu3N
copper (I) nitride
Cu C2H3O2
copper (I) acetate
CuFcopper (I)
fluoride
Cu2SO4
copper (I) sulfate
12
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
MgOmagnesium oxide
Mg2Cmagnesium
carbide
Mg Cl2magnesium
chloride
Mg 3(PO4)2
magnesium phosphate
MgSmagnesium
sulfide
Mg(NO2)2
magnesium nitrite
Mg SO3
magnesium sulfite
Mg(ClO)2
magnesium hypochlorite
Mg3(BO3)2
magnesium borate
Mg3N2
magnesium nitride
Mg(C2H3O2)2
magnesium acetate
MgF2
magnesium fluoride
MgSO4
magnesium sulfate
13
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Al2O3
aluminum oxide
Al4C3
aluminum carbide
Al Cl3aluminum
chloride
AlPO4
aluminum phosphate
Al2S3
aluminum sulfide
Al(NO2)3
aluminum nitrite
Al2(SO3)3
aluminum sulfite
Al(ClO)3
aluminum hypochlorite
Al BO3
aluminum borate
AlNaluminum
nitride
Al(C2H3O2)3
aluminum acetate
AlF3
aluminum fluoride
Al2(SO4)3
aluminum sulfate
14
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Na2Osodium oxide
Na4Csodium carbide
NaClsodium chloride
Na3PO4
sodium phosphate
Na2Ssodium sulfide
NaNO2
sodium nitriteNa2SO3
sodium sulfite
NaClOsodium
hypochlorite
Na3BO3
sodium borateNa3N
sodium nitride
NaC2H3O2
sodium acetate
NaFsodium fluoride
Na2SO4
sodium sulfate
15
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Fe2O3
iron (III) oxide
Fe4C3
iron (III) carbide
Fe Cl3iron (III) chloride
FePO4
iron (III) phosphate
Fe2(SO3)3
iron (111) sulfide
Fe(NO2)3
iron (III) nitriteFe2(SO3)3
iron (III) sulfite
Fe(ClO)3
iron (III) hypochlorite
FeBO3
iron (III) borateFeN
iron (III) nitrideFe(C2H3O2)3
iron (III) acetate
FeF3
iron (III) fluoride
Fe2(SO4)3
iron (III) sulfate
16
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
(NH4)2Oammonium oxide
(NH4)4Cammonium
carbide
NH4Clammonium
chloride
(NH4)3PO4
ammonium phosphate
(NH4)2Sammonium
sulfide
NH4NO2
ammonium nitrite
(NH4)2SO3
ammonium sulfite
NH4ClOammonium hypochlorite
(NH4)3BO3
ammonium borate
(NH4)3Nammonium
nitride
NH4C2H3O2
ammonium acetate
NH4Fammonium
fluoride
(NH4)2SO4
ammonium sulfate
17
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
CuOcopper (II) oxide
Cu2Ccopper (II)
carbide
CuCl2copper (II)
chloride
Cu3(PO4)2
copper (II) phosphate
CuScopper (II)
sulfide
Cu(NO2)2
copper (II) nitrite
CuSO3
copper (II) sulfite
Cu(ClO)2
copper (II) hypochlorite
Cu3(BO3)2
copper (II) borate
Cu3N2
copper (II) nitride
Cu(C2H3O2)2
copper (II) acetate
CuF2
copper (II) fluoride
CuSO4
copper (II) sulfate
18
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
SnOtin (II) oxide
Sn2Ctin (II) carbide
SnCl2tin (II) chloride
Sn3(PO4)2
tin (II) phosphate
SnStin (II) sulfideSn(NO2) 2
tin (II) nitrite
SnSO3
tin (II) sulfite
Sn(ClO)2
tin (II) hypochlorite
Sn3(BO3)2
tin (II) borate
Sn3N2
tin (II) nitride
Sn(C2H3O2)2
tin (II) acetate
SnF2
tin (II) fluoride
SnSO4
tin (II) sulfate
19
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Ni2O3
nickel (III) oxide
Ni4C3
nickel (III) carbide
NiCl3nickel (III) chloride
NiPO4
nickel (III) phosphate
Ni2S3
nickel (III) sulfide
Ni(NO2)3
nickel (III) nitrite
Ni2(SO3)3
nickel (III) sulfite
Ni(ClO)3
nickel (III) hypochlorite
NiBO3
nickel (III) borate
NiNnickel (III)
nitride
Ni(C2H3O2)3
nickel (III) acetate
NiF3
nickel (III) fluoride
Ni2(SO4)3
nickel (III)sulfate
20
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Ag2Osilver oxide
Ag4Csilver carbide
AgClsilver chloride
Ag3PO4
silver phosphate
Ag2Ssilver sulfide
AgNO2
silver nitrite
Ag2SO3
silver sulfite
AgClOsilver
hypochlorite
Ag3BO3
silver borate
Ag3Nsilver nitride
AgC2H3O2
silver acetate
AgFsilver fluoride
Ag2SO4
silver sulfate
21
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
SrOstrontium oxide
Sr2Cstrontium
carbide
SrCl2strontium chloride
Sr3(PO4)2
strontium phosphate
SrSstrontium
sulfide
Sr(NO2)2
strontium nitrite
SrSO3
strontium sulfite
Sr(ClO)2
strontium hypochlorite
Sr3(BO3)2
strontium borate
Sr3N2
strontium nitride
Sr(C2H3O2)2
strontium acetate
SrF2
strontium fluoride
SrSO4
strontium sulfate
22
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
MoO3
molybdenum (VI) oxide
Mo4C6
molybdenum (VI) carbide
MoCl6molybdenum (VI)
chloride
Mo(PO4)2
molybdenum (VI) phosphate
MoS3
molybdenum (VI) sulfide
Mo(NO2)6
molybdenum (VI) nitrite
Mo(SO3)3
molybdenum (VI) sulfite
Mo(ClO)6
molybdenum (VI) hypochlorite
Mo(BO3)2
molybdenum (VI) borate
MoN2
molybdenum (VI) nitride
Mo(C2H3O2)6
molybdenum (VI) acetate
MoF6
molybdenum (VI) fluoride
Mo(SO4)3
molybdenum (VI) sulfate
23
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
FeOiron (II) oxide
Li 2Olithium oxide
Cu2Ocopper (I) oxide
MgOmagnesium
oxide
Al2O3
aluminum oxideNa2O
sodium oxide
Fe2O3
iron (III) oxide
(NH4)2Oammonium oxide
CuOcopper (II) oxide
SnOtin (II) oxide
Ni2O3
nickel (III) oxide
Ag2Osilver oxide
SrOstrontium oxide
MoO3
molybdenum (VI) oxide
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Go To Next Slide
24
(NH4)4Cammonium
carbide
Na4Csodium carbide
Al4C3
aluminum carbide
Mg2Cmagnesium
carbide
Cu4Ccopper (I)
carbide
Li 4Clithium carbide
Fe2Ciron (II) carbide
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Sr2Cstrontium
carbide
Ag4Csilver carbide
Ni4C3
nickel (III) carbide
Sn2Ctin (II) carbide
Cu2Ccopper (II)
carbide
Fe4C3
iron (III) carbide
Mo4C6
molybdenum (VI) carbide
25
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
FeCl2iron (II) chloride
Li Cllithium chloride
CuClcopper (I) chloride
Mg Cl2magnesium
chloride
Al Cl3aluminum
chloride
NaClsodium chloride
Fe Cl3iron (III) chloride
NH4Clammonium
chloride
CuCl2copper (II)
chloride
SnCl2tin (II) chloride
NiCl3nickel (III) chloride
AgClsilver chloride
SrCl2strontium chloride
MoCl6molybdenum (VI)
chloride
26
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Fe3(PO4)2iron (II)
phosphate
Li 3PO4lithium
phosphate
Cu3PO4
copper (I) phosphate
Mg 3(PO4)2
magnesium phosphate
AlPO4
aluminum phosphate
Na3PO4
sodium phosphate
FePO4
iron (III) phosphate
(NH4)3PO4
ammonium phosphate
Cu3(PO4)2
copper (II) phosphate
Sn3(PO4)2
tin (II) phosphate
NiPO4
nickel (III) phosphate
Ag3PO4
silver phosphate
Sr3(PO4)2
strontium phosphate
Mo(PO4)2
molybdenum (VI) phosphate
27
Li 2Slithium sulfide
FeSiron (II) sulfide
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Ag2Ssilver sulfide
SnStin (II) sulfide
CuScopper (II)
sulfide
(NH4)2Sammonium
sulfide
Na2Ssodium sulfide
Al2S3
aluminum sulfide
Cu2Scopper (I) sulfide
MgSmagnesium
sulfide
Fe2(SO3)3
iron (III) sulfide
Ni2S3
nickel (III) sulfide
SrSstrontium
sulfide
MoS3
molybdenum (VI) sulfide
28
Al(NO2)3
aluminum nitrite
Mg(NO2)2
magnesium nitrite
CuNO2
copper (I) nitrite
Fe(NO2)3
iron (III) nitrite
Li NO2
lithium nitriteFe(NO2)2iron (II) nitrite
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Sr(NO2)2
strontium nitrite
AgNO2
silver nitrite
Ni(NO2)3
nickel (III) nitrite
Cu(NO2)2
copper (II) nitrite
NH4NO2
ammonium nitriteNaNO2
sodium nitrite
Sn(NO2) 2
tin (II) nitrite
Mo(NO2)6
molybdenum (VI) nitrite
29
FeSO3iron (II) sulfite
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
SrSO3
strontium sulfite
Ag2SO3
silver sulfite
Ni2(SO3)3
nickel (III) sulfite
SnSO3
tin (II) sulfite
CuSO3
copper (II) sulfite
(NH4)2SO3
ammonium sulfite
Na2SO3
sodium sulfite
Al2(SO3)3
aluminum sulfite
Mg SO3
magnesium sulfite
Li 2SO3
lithium sulfite
Fe2(SO3)3
iron (III) sulfite
Cu2SO3
copper (I) sulfite
Mo(SO3)3
molybdenum (VI) sulfite
30
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
AgFsilver fluoride
NiF3
nickel (III) fluoride
NaFsodium fluoride
CuFcopper (I)
fluoride
LiFlithium fluoride
FeF2
iron (II) fluoride
MgF2
magnesium fluoride
AlF3
aluminum fluoride
FeF3
iron (III) fluoride
NH4Fammonium
fluoride
CuF2
copper (II) fluoride
SnF2
tin (II) fluoride
SrF2
strontium fluoride
MoF6
molybdenum (VI) fluoride
31
(NH4)2SO4
ammonium sulfate
CuSO4
copper (II) sulfate
SnSO4
tin (II) sulfate
SrSO4
strontium sulfate
Mo(SO4)3
molybdenum (VI) sulfate
Ni2(SO4)3
nickel (III) sulfate
MgSO4
magnesium sulfate
Al2(SO4)3
aluminum sulfate
Fe2(SO4)3
iron (III) sulfate
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Ag2SO4
silver sulfate
Na2SO4
sodium sulfate
Cu2SO4
copper (I) sulfate
Li2SO4
lithium sulfate
FeSO4
iron (II) sulfate
32
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Sr(ClO)2
strontium hypochlorite
AgClOsilver
hypochlorite
Ni(ClO)3
nickel (III) hypochlorite
Sn(ClO)2
tin (II) hypochlorite
Cu(ClO)2
copper (II) hypochlorite
NH4ClOammonium hypochlorite
NaClOsodium
hypochlorite
Al(ClO)3
aluminum hypochlorite
Mg(ClO)2
magnesium hypochlorite
CuClOcopper (I)
hypochlorite
Li ClOlithium
hypochlorite
Fe(ClO)2iron (II)
hypochlorite
Fe(ClO)3
iron (III) hypochlorite
Mo(ClO)6
molybdenum (VI) hypochlorite
33
Li 3BO3
lithium borateFe3(BO3)2iron (II) borate
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Sr3(BO3)2
strontium borate
Ag3BO3
silver borate
NiBO3
nickel (III) borate
Sn3(BO3)2
tin (II) borate
Cu3(BO3)2
copper (II) borate
(NH4)3BO3
ammonium borateNa3BO3
sodium borate
Al BO3
aluminum borate
Mg3(BO3)2
magnesium borate
Cu3BO3
copper (I) borateFeBO3
iron (III) borate
Mo(BO3)2
molybdenum (VI) borate
34
Na3Nsodium nitride
AlNaluminum
nitride
Li 3Nlithium nitride
Fe3N2iron (II) nitride
Cu3Ncopper (I) nitride
FeNiron (III) nitride
Mg3N2
magnesium nitride
(NH4)3Nammonium
nitride
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
Sr3N2
strontium nitride
Ag3Nsilver nitride
NiNnickel (III)
nitride
Sn3N2
tin (II) nitride
Cu3N2
copper (II) nitride
MoN2
molybdenum (VI) nitride
35
Ionic Compound Formulae
(Formula Units)Cation Anion
Fe2+
Li+ Cu+
Mg2+ Al3+
Na+ Fe3+ NH4
+ Cu2+
Sn2+ Ni3+
Ag+ Sr2+
Mo6+
O2- C4-
Cl- PO43-
S2- NO2-
SO32- F-
SO42-
ClO-
BO33- N3-
C2H3O2-
Go To Next Slide
AgC2H3O2
silver acetate
Ni(C2H3O2)3
nickel (III) acetate
NaC2H3O2
sodium acetate
Cu C2H3O2
copper (I) acetate
Li C2H3O2
lithium acetate
Fe (C2H3O2)2
iron (II) acetate
Mg(C2H3O2)2
magnesium acetate
Al(C2H3O2)3
aluminum acetate
Fe(C2H3O2)3
iron (III) acetate
NH4C2H3O2
ammonium acetate
Cu(C2H3O2)2
copper (II) acetate
Sn(C2H3O2)2
tin (II) acetate
Sr(C2H3O2)2
strontium acetate
Mo(C2H3O2)6
molybdenum (VI) acetate
36
Fe2+ NO31-Fe2 NO31
Ionic Nomenclature• Getting a formula out of a name
– Write the symbol of both ions, cation first.– Include known charges of the ions.
• Roman numerals in the Stock system tell the charge of cations with multiple oxidation states.• Polyatomic ions don’t have more than one oxidation state.
– Paying no attention to the signs of the charges crisscross them as subscripts for the opposite ions.
• Use parentheses if there is more than one of a polyatomic ion type.
Example: iron (II) nitrate becomes
Fe NO3Fe NO3 2Fe(NO3)2