1 chapters 2 & 3 computer networking review – the tcp/ip protocol architecture

1

Chapters 2 & 3Chapters 2 & 3

Computer Computer Networking Review Networking Review – The TCP/IP – The TCP/IP Protocol Protocol ArchitectureArchitecture

2

Chapter 2Chapter 2

Protocols, Protocols, Internetworking & Internetworking & the Internetthe Internet

Protocols, Internetworking & the Internet12

Key Features of a ProtocolKey Features of a Protocol

Set of Set of rules or conventionsrules or conventions to to exchange blocks of formatted dataexchange blocks of formatted data

SyntaxSyntax: data format: data format SemanticsSemantics: control information : control information

(coordination, error handling)(coordination, error handling) TimingTiming: order, speed matching, : order, speed matching,

sequencingsequencing ActionsActions: what happens when an : what happens when an

event occursevent occurs


Internet Protocol Stack Internet Protocol Stack Layers (a.k.a. TCP/IP stack)Layers (a.k.a. TCP/IP stack)

PhysicalPhysicalNetwork Network

AccessAccessInternetInternetTransport Transport ApplicationApplication Physical

Link

Network

Transport

Application

or…or…


OSI – TCP/IP Protocol StacksOSI – TCP/IP Protocol Stacks


TCP and UDPTCP and UDP

TCP: TCP: – connection-oriented, handshake connection-oriented, handshake

requiredrequired– reliable packet delivery in sequencereliable packet delivery in sequence

UDP:UDP:– connectionless (datagram), no connectionless (datagram), no

handshakehandshake– unreliable packet deliveryunreliable packet delivery– packets may arrive out of sequence or packets may arrive out of sequence or

duplicatedduplicated


TCP and UDP HeadersTCP and UDP Headers

TCP

UDP


IP Headers – IPv4IP Headers – IPv4

IP Version 4 HeaderIP Version 4 Header


Operation of TCP and IPOperation of TCP and IP IP implemented in end systems IP implemented in end systems

and routers, relaying data and routers, relaying data between hostsbetween hosts

TCP implemented for end-to-end TCP implemented for end-to-end data transfer data transfer only in end only in end systemssystems*, assuring reliable *, assuring reliable delivery of blocks of datadelivery of blocks of data

Each host on sub-network has a Each host on sub-network has a unique unique IP addressIP address

Each process on each host has a Each process on each host has a unique TCP unique TCP port numberport number

* Except when?


TCP/IP Protocol Data Units TCP/IP Protocol Data Units (PDUs)(PDUs)


TCP/IP ConceptsTCP/IP Concepts


TCP ApplicationsTCP Applications

SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolProtocol

FTP: File Transfer ProtocolFTP: File Transfer Protocol telnet: remote logintelnet: remote loginHTTP: web browsingHTTP: web browsing

Inelastic or Elastic?Inelastic or Elastic?


TCP ApplicationsTCP Applications

FTPclient

FTPserver

TCP control connection

port 21

TCP data connectionport 20

mailserver

useragent

useragent

useragent

mailserver

useragent

useragent

mailserver

useragent

SMTPSMTP

SMTPSMTP

SMTPSMTPPC runningPC running

ExplorerExplorer

Server Server runningrunning

Apache WebApache WebServerServer

Mac runningMac runningNavigatorNavigator

http request

http re

quest

http response

http re

sponse

email

Web browsing

file transfer


RoutersRouters

Provide link between networksProvide link between networksAccommodate network Accommodate network

differences:differences:– Addressing schemesAddressing schemes– Maximum packet sizesMaximum packet sizes– Hardware and software interfacesHardware and software interfaces– Network reliabilityNetwork reliability

– Congestion/Traffic ManagementCongestion/Traffic Management


TCP/IP Internetworking TCP/IP Internetworking ExampleExample


Figure 2-8Figure 2-8

1 chapters 2 & 3 computer networking review – the tcp/ip protocol architecture

Documents

tcpip suiteosi

tcpip suiteexample

tcpip suitekey features

tcpip suitethe need

ieeelan standards

data formatsemantics

data path

operations management