1 chapter 7 chemical reactions 7.4 types of reactions copyright © 2008 by pearson education, inc....
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Chapter 7 Chemical Reactions
7.4
Types of Reactions
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Type of Reactions
Chemical reactions can be classified as • Combination reactions.
• Decomposition reactions.
• Single Replacement reactions.
• Double Replacement reactions.
• Combustion reactions.
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Combination
In a combination reaction,• Two or more elements form one product.• Or simple compounds combine to form one
product.
+
2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s)
2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2NaCl(s)
SO3(g) + H2O(l) H2SO4(aq)
A B A B
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Formation of MgO (see demo)
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Decomposition (Elephant toothpaste demo)
In a decomposition reaction, • One substance splits into two or more
simpler substances.
2HgO(s) 2Hg(l) + O2(g)
2KClO3(s) 2KCl(s) +
3O2(g)
1 H2O2(aq) KI (aq) 1 H2 (g) + 1
O2(g)
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Decomposition of HgO
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Learning Check
Classify the following reactions as
1) combination or 2) decomposition:
___A. H2(g) + Br2(g) 2HBr(l)
___B. Al2(CO3)3(s) Al2O3(s) + 3CO2(g)
___C. 4Al(s) + 3C(s) Al4C3(s)
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Solution
Classify the following reactions as
1) combination or 2) decomposition:
1 A. H2(g) + Br2(g) 2HBr(l)
2 B. Al2(CO3)3(s) Al2O3(s) + 3CO2(g)
1 C. 4Al(s) + 3C(s) Al4C3(s)
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Single Replacement (demo)
In a single replacement reaction, • One element takes the place of a different
element in a reacting compound.
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
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Zn and HCl is a Single Replacement Reaction
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Double Replacement (demo lead nitrate and KI)
In a double replacement reaction,• Two elements in the reactants exchange places.
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
ZnS(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2S(g)
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Example of a Double Replacement
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Learning Check
Classify the following reactions as
1) single replacement 2) double replacement
__A. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(s) + 3H2(g)
__B. Na2SO4(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) Ag2SO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
__C. 3C(s) + Fe2O3(s) 2Fe(s) + 3CO(g)
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Solution
Classify the following reactions as
1) single replacement 2) double replacement
1 A. 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(s) + 3H2(g)
2 B. Na2SO4(aq) + 2AgNO3(aq) Ag2SO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
1 C. 3C(s) + Fe2O3(s) 2Fe(s) + 3CO(g)
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In a combustion reaction,
• A compound such as carbon reacts with oxygen, O2.
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g)
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2 (g) + 2H2O(g)
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
• Fuels burned in oxygen produce CO2, H2O, and energy.
Combustion (demo bunsen burner)
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Example of a Combustion Reaction
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Learning Check
Balance the combustion equation
___C5H12 + ___O2 ___CO2 +
___H2O
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Solution
Balance the combustion equation
1 C5H12 + 8 O2 5 CO2 + 6 H2O
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Summary of Reaction Types
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Table 7.4
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Learning Check
Identify each reaction as: 1) combination 2) decomposition 3) combustion4) single replacement 5) double replacement
A. 3Ba(s) + N2(g) Ba3N2(s)B. 2Ag(s) + H2S(aq) Ag2S(s) + H2(g)C. SiO2(s) + 4HF(aq) SiF4(s) + 2H2O(l)D. PbCl2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) 2KCl(aq) + PbSO4(s)E. K2CO3(s) K2O(aq) + CO2(g)F. C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
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Solution
Identify each reaction as: 1) combination 2) decomposition 3) combustion4) single replacement 5) double replacement
1 A. 3Ba(s) + N2(g) Ba3N2(s)
4 B. 2Ag(s) + H2S(aq) Ag2S(s) + H2(g)
5 C. SiO2(s) + 4HF(aq) SiF4(s) + 2H2O(l)
5 D. PbCl2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) 2KCl(aq) + PbSO4(s)
2 E. K2CO3(s) K2O(aq) + CO2(g)
3 F. C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)