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Chapter 6

Home Networks

& Appliances

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Introduction

Network Appliance (NA) Dedicated-function consumer device containing a

networked processor aka Internet Appliance, network device, network

consumer device

This Chapter 3 example environments Challenges ahead Potential solutions

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Emergence of NA1. Decreasing cost of network-capable

electronics Microcontrollers Network cost negligible Ease of integration

2. Increase in online data availabilityo Pc’s are inconvenient – want smaller

3. Consumer demand for seamless integration of network services into lifestyle

Want it & will pay for it

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Emergence of NA

4. Continuously available network connectivity Due to broadband & home network DSL & cable modem allow for on-demand access

5. Emergence of mass market opportunities amenable to appliance technology Many "things" require network connectivity

Pay-per-view, home power consumption, digital rights management, etc.

Always new things

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NA Domains

Environment: bordered by security boundary; single domain under single authority

Different environment may have different constraints; different access technologies

3 examples Automobile PAN Home

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Automotive Environment

Collection of nw separated by performance, safety, cost Note: Smart Environment doesn't have to be wireless Example devices: flasher module, stereo, engine

sensor, burglar alarm, remote locks or ignition Remote access: On Star via mobile phone network User access to NW: not in past

Now Bluetooth PAN PDA with display?

Established - because many examples in current vehicles - but how will the expansion occur

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PAN

Specific to an individual for personal NA's PDA, headphone, phone, laptop, medical/body

sensors Individual is identified, access rights

Access to WAN defined by WAN devices present Bandwidth shared with other PAN's present

Emergent - because established standards & market building Bluetooth SIG claims > 1M units shipped per week

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Home Environment

Collection of networks with inter-networking units between them - Figure 6.1, pg. 133

Zones: areas serviced by each of the physical networks

WAN Home: Good - DSL, cable, etc. Multiple users with different rights & responsibilities

Child, adult, visitor Embryonic - products for network PC's, but few NA

specific products & no clear consensus on standards

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"Typical" NA's

Can't really predict Extensions of current vs. new ones

Can identify some capabilities expected NW will become 'built-in', standard Driving Technologies

Bluetooth Zig Bee

Bluejacking - new, unintended use

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NA's Can Utilize …

1. On-demand data availability Auto updates of firm ware, TV schedules,

recipes Decision making - turn on heat as you approach

home, automatically slows your car if car ahead stops suddenly

2. Dynamic data & information exchange Music from house to car stereo Management of rights

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NA's Can Utilize ….

3. Remote command & control Current: garage door, car Future: open door for repairman & watch via

camera; start vacuum cleaner or washer

4. Remote reporting Deliver status: pipe breaks, need oil change,

elderly person hasn't opened refrigerator in 24 hours

All require sensor functions + processing

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Example Scenario

Read about Dave

in his Smart World

on pages 135-136.

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Core Issues of NA Adoption

1. Cost of network connectivity Cost is dropping For homes, still somewhat expensive,

inconvenient, difficult to configure

2. Diversity of network structure Typically multiple network - gateways between

them - electricity, cable, phone Each may have significant differences Need homogenous access

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Core Issues

3. Complexity - configuration & maintenance More devices more complexity more

maintenance Security issues

Connect to neighbor's wireless network

4. Security requirements Most home users do not have skill or understanding

to provide own security NA's need to include

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Core Issues

5. Collaborative operation Weather - monitoring alarm clock wakes you

early when bad weather Integrate with other NA's - collaborative

Start coffee early Heat water for shower Wakes early if car needs gas Body sensor - wakes up if needs medical

attention

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Core Issues

6. Feature Interaction Example: heating system 75°, cooling system 70° -

goals conflict The change in operation of one feature that can be

wholly or partially attributed to the presence of another feature in the environment

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Current State of NA Deployment

Domain Dependant

Automotive industry is most advanced Single integration agency Accepted standards Safety critical environment demands thorough testing Strong brand image must be protected Must reduce cost Good understanding of technology Interface extension of older users

Compare to PAN and Home!

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2 Key Problems

1. Appliance Addressing & Access Different devices have different standards No standard addressing How to access from outside

2. Feature Interaction (FI) Occurs when multiple entities make assumptions

about environment which are rendered invalid by other entities

May have no knowledge of other entities

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Appliance Addressing & Access

Requirements - both inside & outside house Security Authentication Reliability Scaling Protocol independence Naming & location

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Addressing / AccessProposed Solution

Communication to NA usually brief Combine location and message - single

transmission SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) INVITE Process Figure 6.2, pg. 141

Message sent to proxy agents, forwarded Developed for VOIP Authors - SIPa is leading contender

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SIP Advantages for NA

Proven for security, authentication, reliability, scaling

Independent of any particular naming or addressing scheme

Can register endpoints (appliances) then can move around house

SIP likely to be used in VOIP - good if used for various applications

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SIP Disadvantages

Not currently deployed: development of infrastructure will take time

Open issues remain DDP & DMP not fully

defined Provisioning &

configuration (others) not resolved

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Classification of FI ( p. 144)

1. Asynchronous Excitation Service excites device - no feedback e.g. TV remote control Don't know service location

2. Notification followed by Excitation Stimulus (service) known e.g. dryer informs service the door closed & service tells

dryer to start

3. Notification followed by Asynchronous Excitation Stimulus from on device causes service to excite another

device 1st device doesn't know of second

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Example FI's

Video recorder switches from TV to record security camera if burglar alarm

Recorded eight sequence for "away from home" sets off burglar alarm

Dueling cooling & heating system

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Other Categories of Interactions Shared action

2+ services try to control same device

Shared trigger One event passed to more than one service, which perform

conflicting actions

Sequential action Service to device to service Can cause loop

Missed trigger Existence of a service prevents a device from producing an

event that causes a second service to operate

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State of NA

Feature interaction - vital issue Only is a problem when enough services

deployed for interactions to start Not a problem with automobile, controlled Home - we can just keep adding "stuff"

FI is open issue Slow rate of adoption allows work for

solutions

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Future of NAAuthor's Predictions

Interface will change beyond recognition Sophisticated Techniques

Speech, direct eye, in ear loud speakers, throat microphones, direct electrical stimulation

Interfaces that hide computing devices e.g. Anoto pen

Power delivery - from the human Cybernetic enhancements

Who knows?!?