1 chapter 10 chemical quantities 10.2 the mole copyright © 2008 by pearson education, inc....
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Chapter 10 Chemical Quantities
10.2
The Mole
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Section 10.1The Mole: A Measurement of Matter
OBJECTIVES:Describe methods of measuring the amount of something.
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Section 10.1The Mole: A Measurement of Matter
OBJECTIVES:Define Avogadro’s number as it relates to a mole of a substance.
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Section 10.1The Mole: A Measurement of Matter
OBJECTIVES:Distinguish between the atomic mass of an element and its molar mass.
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Section 10.1The Mole: A Measurement of Matter
OBJECTIVES:Describe how the mass of a mole of a compound is calculated.
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Collection Terms
A collection term states a specific number of items.
• 1 dozen donuts = 12 donuts
• 1 ream of paper = 500 sheets
• 1 case = 24 cans
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A mole (mol) is a collection that contains
• The same number of particles as there are carbon atoms in 12.01 g of carbon.
• 6.022 x 1023 atoms of an element (Avogadro’s number).
1 mol C = 6.022 x 1023 C atoms
1 mol CO2 = 6.022 x 1023 CO2 molecules
1 mol NaCl = 6.022 x 1023 NaCl formula units
A Mole of Particles
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Samples of One Mole Quantities
Table 6.1
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Using Avogadro’s NumberAvogadro’s number• Converts moles of a substance to
the number of particles. • Converts particles of a substance to
moles.
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Subscripts and Moles
The subscripts in a formula state• The relationship of atoms in the formula.• The moles of each element in 1 mol of compound.
Glucose
C6H12O6
In 1 molecule: 6 atoms C 12 atoms H 6 atoms O
In 1 mol: 6 mol C 12 mol H 6 mol O
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Subscripts State Atoms and Moles
1 mol C9H8O4 = 9 mol C 8 mol H 4 mol O
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Learning Check
A. How many moles O are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?
B. How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?
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Solution
A. How many mol O are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?
0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O = 0.600 mol O
1 mol C9H8O4
subscript factor
B. How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?
0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O x 6.022 x 1023 O atoms
1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol O subscript Avogadro’s
factor Number= 3.61 x 1023 O atoms
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Learning Check
How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?
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Solution
How many O atoms are in 0.150 mol aspirin C9H8O4?
0.150 mol C9H8O4 x 4 mol O x 6.022 x 1023 O atoms
1 mol C9H8O4 1 mol O
subscript Avogadro’s
factor number
= 3.61 x 1023 O atoms