1 chapter 1. section 1-3. triola, elementary statistics, eighth edition. copyright 2001. addison...
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1Chapter 1. Section 1-3. Triola, Elementary Statistics, Eighth Edition. Copyright 2001. Addison Wesley Longman
MARIO F. TRIOLAMARIO F. TRIOLA EIGHTHEIGHTH
EDITIONEDITION
ELEMENTARY STATISTICSSection 1-3 Uses and Abuses of Statistics
2Chapter 1. Section 1-3. Triola, Elementary Statistics, Eighth Edition. Copyright 2001. Addison Wesley Longman
Uses of Statistics
Almost all fields of study benefit from the application of statistical methods
3Chapter 1. Section 1-3. Triola, Elementary Statistics, Eighth Edition. Copyright 2001. Addison Wesley Longman
Abuses of StatisticsBad Samples
4Chapter 1. Section 1-3. Triola, Elementary Statistics, Eighth Edition. Copyright 2001. Addison Wesley Longman
Definitions
self-selected survey (or voluntary response sample)
one in which the respondents themselves decide whether to be included
5Chapter 1. Section 1-3. Triola, Elementary Statistics, Eighth Edition. Copyright 2001. Addison Wesley Longman
Abuses of Statistics
Loaded Questions Misleading Graphs
Bad Samples Small Samples
6Chapter 1. Section 1-3. Triola, Elementary Statistics, Eighth Edition. Copyright 2001. Addison Wesley Longman
Bachelor High SchoolDegree Diploma
Figure 1-1 Salaries of People with Bachelor’s Degrees and with High School Diplomas
$40,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
$40,500
$24,400
35,000
$40,000
20,000
10,000
0
$40,500
$24,40030,000
Bachelor High SchoolDegree Diploma
(a) (b)
7Chapter 1. Section 1-3. Triola, Elementary Statistics, Eighth Edition. Copyright 2001. Addison Wesley Longman
We should analyze the numerical information given in the graph instead of being mislead by its general shape.
8Chapter 1. Section 1-3. Triola, Elementary Statistics, Eighth Edition. Copyright 2001. Addison Wesley Longman
Abuses of Statistics
Pictographs
Bad Samples Small Samples Loaded Questions Misleading Graphs
9Chapter 1. Section 1-3. Triola, Elementary Statistics, Eighth Edition. Copyright 2001. Addison Wesley Longman
Figure 1-2
Double the length, width, and height of a cube, and the volume increases by a factor of eight
10Chapter 1. Section 1-3. Triola, Elementary Statistics, Eighth Edition. Copyright 2001. Addison Wesley Longman
Abuses of Statistics
Precise Numbers Distorted Percentages Partial Pictures
Bad Samples Small Samples Loaded Questions Misleading Graphs Pictographs
11Chapter 1. Section 1-3. Triola, Elementary Statistics, Eighth Edition. Copyright 2001. Addison Wesley Longman
“Ninety percent of all our cars sold in this country in the last 10 years are still on the road.”
12Chapter 1. Section 1-3. Triola, Elementary Statistics, Eighth Edition. Copyright 2001. Addison Wesley Longman
Bad Samples Small Samples Loaded Questions Misleading Graphs Pictographs Precise Numbers Distorted Percentages Partial Pictures
Abuses of Statistics
Deliberate Distortions