1

CANARYCANARY

Laser Guide Star Laser Guide Star Multi-Object Adaptive OpticsMulti-Object Adaptive Optics (LGS (LGS

MOAO)MOAO)E-ELT PATHFINDERE-ELT PATHFINDER

ON-SKYON-SKYDEMONSTRATORDEMONSTRATOR

FOR EAGLEFOR EAGLERichard MyersRichard MyersDurham UniversityDurham University

Royal Astronomical Society

9 May 2008 2 RAS

OverviewOverview CANARY CollaborationCANARY Collaboration LGS MOAOLGS MOAO

GeneralGeneral EAGLEEAGLE Technical challengesTechnical challenges

Principles of CANARY Principles of CANARY demonstratordemonstrator Rayleigh LGSRayleigh LGS Role of WHTRole of WHT Demonstration stages and Demonstration stages and

timescalestimescales Risk mitigationRisk mitigation Current statusCurrent status

Funding statusFunding status

Why “CANARY”?

Falcon: 8m MOAO (study)EAGLE: 42m MOAO

CANARY: MOAO demo on 4.2m WHT on La Palma, Canary Islands

9 May 2008 3 RAS

CANARY ConsortiumCANARY Consortium

Overlaps with EAGLE AO design team and SESAME team

Observatoire de Paris LESIADurham University Isaac Newton Group

Laboratoire d’Astrophysiquede Marseille

UK Astronomy TechnologyCentre

Fanny Chemla, Eric Gendron, Zoltàn Hubert, Aglaé Kellerer, Michel Marteaud, Gérard Rousset, Fabrice Vidal, Ali Basden, Sofia Dimoudi, Nigel Dipper, Colin Dunlop, Deli Geng, Andres Gueselaga, Dani Guzman, Mark Harrison, Tim Morris, Richard Myers, James Osborn, Chris Saunter, Gordon Talbot, Laura Young, Eddy Younger, Don Carlos Abrahams, René Rutten, Thierry Fusco, David Henry, Andy Longmore, Brice Leroux

ONERA

9 May 2008 4 RAS

Laser Guide Laser Guide Star Star

Multi-Object Multi-Object Adaptive Adaptive OpticsOptics(LGS (LGS

MOAO)MOAO)LGS MOAO Schematic[Courtesy ESO]

9 May 2008 5 RAS

EAGLE MOAO requirementsEAGLE MOAO requirements and baseline and baseline

implementationimplementation NIR Multi-Integral Field Unit (IFU) for 42m E-ELTNIR Multi-Integral Field Unit (IFU) for 42m E-ELT Wide IFU patrol field ≥ 5 arcmin with ≥ 20 such Wide IFU patrol field ≥ 5 arcmin with ≥ 20 such

IFUsIFUs ≥ ≥ 30% energy in 0.075 arcsec spatial element in H-30% energy in 0.075 arcsec spatial element in H-

bandband

Multiple LGS (≥ 6), multiple NGS (≥ 3)Multiple LGS (≥ 6), multiple NGS (≥ 3) Closed loop control of M4 telescope adaptive mirrorClosed loop control of M4 telescope adaptive mirror Open loop control of high order (≥ 100x100 Open loop control of high order (≥ 100x100

actuator) Deformable Mirror (DM) in each IFU actuator) Deformable Mirror (DM) in each IFU channelchannel

9 May 2008 6 RAS

Technical challenge and Technical challenge and proposed mitigationproposed mitigation

Open loop control of Open loop control of high order DMshigh order DMs calibrationcalibration

ELT LGSELT LGS Spot elongationSpot elongation High accuracy wide field High accuracy wide field

tomographytomography

Real-time control Real-time control (RTC)(RTC) AlgorithmsAlgorithms Scale of implementationScale of implementation

Laboratory Demonstration:

SESAME: working now

Staged On-sky Demonstration of SINGLE channel:

CANARY: 2010-2012

Goals:* demonstrate

MOAO in EAGLE

configuration,* verify design

models,* develop

techniques, e.g., calibration,

RTC

9 May 2008 7 RAS

LGS Wavefront Sensor LGS Wavefront Sensor (WFS)(WFS)

Spot ElongationSpot Elongationdue to sodium layer due to sodium layer

depthdepth(central LGS)(central LGS)

Cone Cone EffectEffect

LGS

WORSE for ELTs WORSE for ELTs

turbulence

9 May 2008 8 RAS

CANARY LGS MOAO demo CANARY LGS MOAO demo methodmethod

Key technology: RAYLEIGH LGS (RLGS)Key technology: RAYLEIGH LGS (RLGS) (e.g., SOR, WHT, MMT, SOAR, LBT LGS study)(e.g., SOR, WHT, MMT, SOAR, LBT LGS study) These use pulsed lasers with temporal WFS range gatingThese use pulsed lasers with temporal WFS range gating

to select LGS height and extension (range gate depth)to select LGS height and extension (range gate depth) The Rayleigh LGS Altitude and extension are The Rayleigh LGS Altitude and extension are programmableprogrammable They can emulate the spot elongation & cone-effect geometry of aThey can emulate the spot elongation & cone-effect geometry of a

SODIUM LGS on a MUCH LARGER telescopeSODIUM LGS on a MUCH LARGER telescope

SO:SO: 85 km sodium LGS85 km sodium LGS → → 8.5km Rayleigh LGS8.5km Rayleigh LGS 10km sodium layer10km sodium layer → → 1km range gate depth1km range gate depth 42m E-ELT42m E-ELT → → 4.2m WHT4.2m WHT

In principle: can emulateIn principle: can emulate sodium density evolution toosodium density evolution too

9 May 2008 9 RAS

However…However… BUT:BUT:

This scaling is not perfect This scaling is not perfect Atmosphere and wavelength are not scaledAtmosphere and wavelength are not scaled There will be additional uncorrected turbulence in There will be additional uncorrected turbulence in

demo compared to ELTdemo compared to ELT Need to reduce LGS separation to emulate ELT meta-Need to reduce LGS separation to emulate ELT meta-

pupil overlap at a given altitudepupil overlap at a given altitude

SO NEED:SO NEED: Concurrent Natural Guide Star (NGS) tomographyConcurrent Natural Guide Star (NGS) tomography Record corrected Record corrected wavefrontwavefront (truth sensor) as well (truth sensor) as well

as the near-IR image (Point Spread Function)as the near-IR image (Point Spread Function) To check that To check that currentcurrent MOAO correction is as predicted MOAO correction is as predicted

for for currentcurrent atmosphere atmosphere

9 May 2008 10 RAS

William Herschel William Herschel TelescopeTelescope

4.2m Alt-Az, La Palma4.2m Alt-Az, La Palma Operational Rayleigh LGS: Operational Rayleigh LGS: GLASGLAS

Grond-laag Laser Adaptieve optiek Systeem (Ground-layer Laser AO System) 18 W 515nm18 W 515nm Launch SystemLaunch System

35cm telescope above M235cm telescope above M2 Safety InfrastructureSafety Infrastructure

No fly zoneNo fly zone Launch permissionLaunch permission Traffic ControlTraffic Control

MK cloneMK clone MASS/DIMM 20m from WHTMASS/DIMM 20m from WHT

SCIDAR 340m from WHTSCIDAR 340m from WHT

9 May 2008 11 RAS

GLAS WHT LGS GLAS WHT LGS FacilityFacility

ING - Astron - ING - Astron - DurhamDurham

Variation of closed-loop (●) and open-loop (○) Gaussian fit FWHM versus angular distance from centre of field for a 20s J-band image. Turbulence profile approx 50% at ground, 15% at 4km, and 35% at 16km. LGS altitude of 15km.

NAOMI AO System: UKATC-Durham-INGINGRiD imager: INGOASIS IFU: Lyon

9 May 2008 12 RAS

GLAS Software DescriptionGLAS Software Description

9 May 2008 13 RAS

WHT WHT NasmythNasmyth(GHRIL)(GHRIL)

Large, undedicated Large, undedicated Nasmyth enclosure Nasmyth enclosure for guest instrumentsfor guest instruments

2.5 2.5 × 1.34 m opt × 1.34 m opt benchbench

ServicesServices

9 May 2008 14 RAS

GHRILNASMYTH

9 May 2008 15 RAS

CANARY Demo StagesCANARY Demo Stages Phase A 2010Phase A 2010

3 3 ×× Natural Guide Stars (in 3’ field) open loop Natural Guide Stars (in 3’ field) open loop control of low order (8 control of low order (8 ×× 8 actuator) Deformable 8 actuator) Deformable Mirror (DM)Mirror (DM)

Natural Guide Star Truth Wavefront Sensor, Near-Natural Guide Star Truth Wavefront Sensor, Near-IR imagerIR imager

Phase B 2011Phase B 2011 Add 4 Add 4 × LGS open loop control of low order DM× LGS open loop control of low order DM Concurrent NGS tomography maintainedConcurrent NGS tomography maintained

Phase C 2012Phase C 2012 Closed loop LGS/NGS control of low-order DMClosed loop LGS/NGS control of low-order DM Open loop control of high-order DM (up to 32 Open loop control of high-order DM (up to 32 × 32 × 32

actuator)actuator) Full-up EAGLE demoFull-up EAGLE demo

9 May 2008 16 RAS

Phase A : NGS MOAOPhase A : NGS MOAO Components:Components:

Low-order 8x8 DMLow-order 8x8 DM 3 x EMCCD open-loop NGS WFSs3 x EMCCD open-loop NGS WFSs Open-loop optimised Fast Steering Mirror Open-loop optimised Fast Steering Mirror

(SPHERE design)(SPHERE design) Diagnostic Systems:Diagnostic Systems:

1 x EMCCD closed-loop NGS WFS (Truth Sensor)1 x EMCCD closed-loop NGS WFS (Truth Sensor) High speed DM figure sensorHigh speed DM figure sensor NIR Imaging camera (loan courtesy ESO)NIR Imaging camera (loan courtesy ESO)

WHTNasmyth

Calibration Unit

NGS Pickoffs

3 x NGS WFS

NGS FSM

Low-order DM

Science Verification

Truth Sensor

Figure Sensor

GHRIL Derotator

Phase A: NGS MOAO

9 May 2008 17 RAS

Phase B: Low-order LGS Phase B: Low-order LGS MOAOMOAO

New modules include:New modules include: Electronically shuttered LGS WFS CCD (Lincoln Lab)Electronically shuttered LGS WFS CCD (Lincoln Lab) Modified GLAS launch, LGS dichroic and relay systemModified GLAS launch, LGS dichroic and relay system

WHTNasmyth

Calibration Unit

NGS Pickoffs

3 x NGS WFS

NGS FSM

Low-order DM

Science Verification

Truth Sensor

LGS Pickoffs

4 x LGS WFS

GHRIL Derotator

Figure Sensor

GLAS Laser

LGS Rotator

GLAS BLT

Diffractive Optic

LGSFSM

LGS Dichroic

Phase B: Low-order LGS MOAO

9 May 2008 18 RAS

Phase C: High-order LGS Phase C: High-order LGS MOAOMOAO

Closest resemblance to proposed EAGLE MOAO Closest resemblance to proposed EAGLE MOAO implementationimplementation Closed-loop low-order DM conjugated to ground layerClosed-loop low-order DM conjugated to ground layer Open-loop MEMS DMOpen-loop MEMS DM SPARTA (ESO VLT) type accelerated Real-Time ComputerSPARTA (ESO VLT) type accelerated Real-Time Computer

NOTE: LOW-ORDER LTAO CAPABILITYNOTE: LOW-ORDER LTAO CAPABILITY

WHTNasmyth

Calibration Unit

NGS Pickoffs

3 x NGS WFS

NGS FSM

Low-order DM

Science Verification

Truth Sensor

Figure Sensor

LGS Pickoffs

4 x LGS WFS

GHRIL Derotator

MEMS DM

GLAS Laser

LGS Rotator

GLAS BLT

Diffractive Optic

LGSFSM

LGS Dichroic

Phase C: High-order woofer-tweeter LGS MOAO (woofer closed loop)

9 May 2008 19 RAS

Key Key ComponeCompone

ntsnts NGS WFSNGS WFS

E2V EMCCDs E2V EMCCDs (asterisms with (asterisms with 4 NGS 4 NGS in 3’ needed)in 3’ needed)

LGS WFSLGS WFS Lincoln Lab Lincoln Lab

Gated CCDsGated CCDs Fast Steering MirrorFast Steering Mirror

Surface Sensing Surface Sensing SPHERE DesignSPHERE Design

Low order DMLow order DM Adonis (ESO 3.6m)Adonis (ESO 3.6m)

High order DMHigh order DM BMM 32 BMM 32 × 32 MEMS – just delivered× 32 MEMS – just delivered

Real-time ComputerReal-time Computer PC-based with Evolution to PC-based with Evolution to

ESO SPARTA systemESO SPARTA system

Phase A NGS Design: Paris LESIA

9 May 2008 20 RAS

““De-De-Risking”Risking” Figure Sensor (DMC)Figure Sensor (DMC)

High-speed LUPA 300 High-speed LUPA 300 CMOS detector CMOS detector + FPGA (+ FPGA (IAC collabIAC collab))

Proof of concept trial Proof of concept trial currently being integrated currently being integrated in Durhamin Durham

RTCRTC First version based on working PC-based systemFirst version based on working PC-based system Contract with ONERA/ShaktiwareContract with ONERA/Shaktiware

On-site component tests October 2008On-site component tests October 2008 LGS asterism test: Diffractive Optical Element LGS asterism test: Diffractive Optical Element

(Herriot-Watt)(Herriot-Watt) Gated CCD test on-skyGated CCD test on-sky Test Figure Sensor in WHT environmentTest Figure Sensor in WHT environment

9 May 2008 21 RAS

Current Current StatusStatus NGS main path opto-NGS main path opto-

mechanical concept mechanical concept completecomplete Alignment/calibration Alignment/calibration

proceduresprocedures LGS pickoff and relay LGS pickoff and relay

optical design completeoptical design complete 2 simulations running2 simulations running

using YAO run by A. Kellererusing YAO run by A. Kellerer Using Durham AO Using Durham AO

simulation platform (DASP) simulation platform (DASP) by A. Basdenby A. Basden

Next:Next: Comparative simulation Comparative simulation

using EAGLE design codesusing EAGLE design codes ONERA/DurhamONERA/Durham

Design Reviews June 2008Design Reviews June 2008 Phase A PDR, B/C CoDRPhase A PDR, B/C CoDR

RTC first contract June 2008RTC first contract June 2008

Phase A Space EnvelopeAt WHT Nasmyth

Phase B Optics

9 May 2008 22 RAS

PHASE B

9 May 2008 23 RAS

Phase C

9 May 2008 24 RAS

9 May 2008 25 RAS

9 May 2008 26 RAS

Funding StatusFunding Status UK (STFC)UK (STFC) France (various)France (various) EU FP7 Preparatory EU FP7 Preparatory

FundFund

EU OPTICON JRA-1 – appliedEU OPTICON JRA-1 – applied ESO-ledESO-led Includes additional WHT nightsIncludes additional WHT nights

Further STFC support for final phase - appliedFurther STFC support for final phase - applied Further French funding proposals - to be madeFurther French funding proposals - to be made

Funded, enough for first two phases