1. Bacterial cells were first discovered in the late 1600's by Anton van Leewenhoek. How did he discover them?

He took scrapings from his teeth!!

2. Bacterial cells are considered to be

__________________ because they lack a

nucleus.

Prokaryotes

3. Where is the genetic material located in a

bacterial cell? _______________________ In the cytoplasm of the cell.

4. What are the three basic shapes of a bacterial cell?

a) Spherical

b) Rod-Like

c) Spiral

5. Describe the basic structures of the bacterial cell.

a) cell wall: _______________________________

_______________________________________

a) cell membrane:__________________________

b) cytoplasm ______________________________

c) ribosomes ______________________________

d) genetic material __________________________

e) flagellum ________________________________

Controls what material passes in and out of the cell.

Helps protect the cell.

Gel like region inside the cell membrane.

Chemical factories where proteins are produced.

Contains the instructions for all cell functions.

Whip like structure that helps the bacteria move.

Determines the chemical make up of the bacterial cell

Label the diagram

a (cell wall)

c (cytoplasm)

b (cell membrane)

e (genetic material)

d (ribosomes)

f (flagellum)

6. List three characteristics of Archaebacteria?

a) They are ancient. They are believed to have existed on earth for billions of years.

b) Today's archaebacteria resemble Earth's first life forms.

c) They live in extreme environments: hots springs of over 110 degrees. salty water like Utah's Great Salt Lake Foul smelling places like the bottom of

swamps and in sewage.

7. List three characteristics of Eubacteria?

a) They live everywhere except extreme environments. For example they coat your skin and swarm your nose.

b) Many are useful and/or harmless

c) They help other organisms survive by maintaining Earth's physical conditions.

Early autorophs helped add oxygen to the atmosphere

Today autotrophs help maintain Earth's oxygen level at 20%.

8. Why are Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

placed in separate kingdoms?

___________________________________ Because although they look alike, they are very different chemically.

9. asexual reproduction

_________________________________

_________________________________

10. binary fission

_________________________________

_________________________________

Reproductive process that involves only one parent.

Define the following terms

Produces offspring that are identical to the parents.

Reproductive method of bacteria where one cell divides to form

two identical cells. Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction

11. sexual reproduction

_________________________________

_________________________________

10. conjugation

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

Reproductive process that involves two parents.

Define the following terms

Produces offspring that are genetically different from the parents.

Reproductive method of bacteria where one cell transfers genetic

material to another by forming a thread like bridge between the cells.

Conjugation is a form of simple sexual reproduction in bacteria.

Bacterial Reproduction

Conjugation

Binary Fission

13. Bacterial reproduction can result in two different types of offspring:

_______________ produces offspring genetically identical to the parents.

_______________ produces offspring genetically different from the parents.

Binary Fission

Conjugation

14. Bacterial cells can obtain food from a variety of sources:

a)__________ bacteria that make their own food.

b)___________ bacteria that obtain food by consuming other autotrophs or heterotrophs.

autotroph

heterotroph

15. The process of breaking down food to

obtain energy is called_________________ Respiration.

16. Endospore ______________________

___________________________________

Small, rounded, thick-walled, resting cell that forms

inside a bacterial cell. Contains the cell's genetic material and some of it's cytoplasm

17. Why do bacterial cells form endospores?

____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

Endospores form when conditions become unfavorable for the bacteria.

Endospores can resist freezing, heating and drying allowing a new bacterial cell

to form when conditions become favorable again

18. List five positive roles of bacteria in today's society:

a) Fuel production

b) Food Production

c) Environmental recycling

d) Environmental clean-up

e) Production of medicines.