1 atmospheric radiation – lecture 17 phy2505 - lecture 17 satellite instruments and missions

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Atmospheric Radiation – Lecture 17

PHY2505 - Lecture 17

Satellite instruments and missions

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Overview

• Satellite instruments– Design Process– Design elements– Trade-offs

• Satellite missions

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Instrument design process• Concept

– Science definition– Instrument requirements

• Launch opportunity ?• Phase A/B

– Detailed design – Engineering model prototyping

• Phase C/D– Build– Space qualification tests– Calibration– Spacecraft integration/Launch

• Validation• Science results

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Instrument concept

• Science definition (“science-led”)– FUNDING

• Science programs• Public and industrial benefit

– FEASIBILITY• Expertise (people) • Space qualified technology• Feasibility of design

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Science programs: CSAMandateThe legislated mandate of the CSA, from the Canadian Space Agency Act, SC. 1990, c.

13, is: "To promote the peaceful use and development of space, to advance the knowledge of

space through science and to ensure that space science and technology provide social and economic benefits for Canadians".

• Earth and Environment – RADARSAT-1 /2– Atmospheric Environment – Space Environment

• Space Science – Space Exploration – Microgravity Sciences – Space Life Sciences – Space Astronomy

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Science programs: CSA

Atmospheric Environment

Studying Earth's atmospheric

patterns and the effects of

human-driven changes on

the environment:

•SCISAT-1 (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment)

•CloudSat

•Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT)

•MANTRA

•Optical Spectrograph and Infra-Red Imaging System (OSIRIS)

•ACTIVE

•Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII)

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Science programs: CSASpace ExplorationIncreasing our understanding of our solar system in relation to the origin of life and the evolution of our environment.

Solid Planetology

Small Bodies

Life Support Systems

Mars

Planetary Atmospheres

Exo/ Astrobiology

Terrestrial Analogues

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Science programs: NOAA• NOAA MISSION GOAL#1

Protect, restore and manage use of coastal and ocean resources through ecosystem management approaches – Invasive Species Initiative

• NOAA MISSION GOAL#2Understand climate variability and change to enhance society’s ability to plan and respond – Climate Change Science Program Office – Carbon Cycle Atmospheric Measurements – Global Ocean Observing System – Supercomputing – Reducing Uncertainties in Climate Change Scenarios

• NOAA MISSION GOAL#3Serve society’s needs for weather and water information – Improve Weather Forecast Accuracy through THORPEX – High Impact Weather

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Science programs: ESATHE FOUR THEMES

Four fundamental themes underlie ESA’s Earth Observation Science and Research Element of the ‘Living Planet’ Programme (ESA SP-1227), namely:

• Theme 1 - Earth Interior including marine geoid, gravity and magnetic field at various scales, from local or regional to global.

• Theme 2 - Physical Climate System spanning the time scales from fast (days to weeks) via medium term (seasonal to interannual) to long term (decadal to centennial).

• Theme 3 - Geosphere-Biosphere including carbon, energy and water cycles, bio-chemical cycles and the productivity of the different ecosystems.

• Theme 4 - Atmosphere and Marine Environment and anthropogenic impactcomprising composition changes by human activity, chemical processes in troposphere and stratosphere and marine pollution.

These themes span the full Earth System and recognise the need for the detailed treatment of interactions between the regimes.

See Earth Explorers: Science and Research Elements of ESA’s Living Planet Programme (ESA SP-1227)

Earth Observation Programmes Directorate

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Instrument design• Signal at the instrument, S

NEP

AI

tv

NS

vNEP

vItvA

N

S

vItvAS

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21

21

/

)(

)(

)(

Constant for a given science investigation & instrument type

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Instrument design• Optical elements (A)

– Telescopes• Diffraction limit• Constant etendue

• Spectral filters (v)• Grating spectrometers – limits to resolution• FTS – limits to resolution\

• Detectors (NEP)• Sources of noise

• Orbit (t)

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Instrument design trade-off

S/N

1/1/v

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Instrument requirements: MICA

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Instrument requirements: MARGO

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NASA Satellite missions

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NASA Terra 1999+

http://www.atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca/MOPITT/home.html

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MOPITT

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Future NASA Satellite missions 2004+

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NASA Satellite missions

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ESA Satellite missionsEO Missions and the 4 Themes

Theme 1:

Earth Interior

Theme 2:

Physical Climate System

Theme 3:

Geosphere-Biosphere

Theme 4: Anthropogenic Impact

on Atmos. and Biosphere

SPECTRA

GOCE SMOS

CryoSat

SWARM

ADM-AeolusWALES

EarthCARE

ENVISAT

(ERS- GOME)

(Envisat - Sciamachy)

MSG

ERS-2

ACE+EGPM

TerraSAR

METOP

Envisat (MIPAS)

(Envisat - GOMOS)

GCOM (SWIFT)

(Envisat - ASAR)

Envisat (MERIS)

(Envisat - RA2, AATSR)

6 November 2002 ESA Earth Observation Info Day


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ESA Satellite missions

Meteosat

ERS-1 and 2

ENVISAT

One year in orbit (movie)

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Envisat results

http://www.esa.int/envisat/ Look at multimedia menu item

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Future ESA Satellite missions1st Earth Explorer Missions

First Earth Explorer Opportunity MissionIce elevation, ice thickness( ICESAT (Abyss))Launch 2004

First Earth Explorer Core MissionGravity field and geoid( GRACE)Launch 2006

2nd Earth Explorer Opportunity MissionSoil moisture and ocean salinity(Hydros, Aquarius)Launch 2006

2nd Earth Explorer Core MissionWind speed vectors( TBD)Launch 2007

CryoSAT

GOCE

SMOSADM-Aeolus


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Future ESA Satellite missionsWALES

Satellite in sun-synchronous dawn-dusk orbit, 400-450 km, 1500 kg – 1400 W-Single payload mission operating a nadir viewing Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) instrument operating in the 935 nm range. -Ground segment: Command and Data Acquisition in North Europe and Alaska, Mission and Operations Control ESOC, processing and archiving ESRIN-Launch: Soyuz class

- Distribution of water vapour, and information on aerosols

relevant to:

-climate change studies, - atmospheric modelling - chemistry studies and to numerical weather forecasting

DIALTelescopeL-Band &

TT&C Antennae

StarTrackers

InstrumentRadiator

DIALTransmitters


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Future ESA Satellite missionsEarthCARE

-Satellite, 1600 kg, 1200 W in sun-synchronous orbit, 400 – 450 km altitude, carrying:

Backscatter lidar (ATLID)Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR)7-channel multi spectral imager (MSI)Broadband radiometer (BBR)IR-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (IR-FTS)

- Ground segment: Command and Data Acquisition in North Europe, Mission and Satellite Operations Control at ESOC, Processing and Archiving at ESRIN

Launch: Dual launch by Japanese H-II

-A unique combination of active and passive sensors

•divergence of radiative energy,

•aerosol-cloud-radiation interaction,

•vertical distribution of water and ice and their transport by clouds,

•the vertical cloud field overlap and cloud-precipitation interactions.

provide basic data for numerical

modelling and global studies of:


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Future ESA Satellite missions1st EEOM

CRYOSAT

Variations ice thickness / massKu-band altimeterPhase B finalisingLaunch 2003

SMOS

Soil Moisture andOcean SalinityL-band radiometerExtended Phase A ongoingLaunch 2005

SWIFT FOR GCOM-A

Ozone, stratospheric windsSelected by NASDA potential passenger GCOM-A1

Part of reserve selected byESAC


2008?

1 atmospheric radiation – lecture 17 phy2505 - lecture 17 satellite instruments and missions

Documents

atmospheric radiation

earth system

earth interiortheme

earth explorers

esas earth observation

future esa satellite

instrument requirements

future nasa satellite