1 artificial intelligence, expert systems, and virtual reality chapter 7
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality
Chapter 7
![Page 2: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Artificial Intelligence
People, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that demonstrate characteristics of intelligence
Test for AIUnable to tell whether you are
interacting with a computer or human
![Page 3: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
The Nature of Intelligence
Learn from experience & apply the knowledge Handle complex situations Solve problems when important information is
missing Determine what is important React quickly and correctly to new situations Understand visual images Process and manipulate symbols Be creative and imaginative Use heuristics (rules of thumb)
![Page 4: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
Natural and Artificial Intelligence
![Page 5: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Conceptual Model of AI
www.robocup.org
Handwriting recognition: http://members.aol.com/Trane64/java/JRec.html
![Page 6: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
Expert System Characteristics
Can explain their reasoning or suggested decisions
Can display “intelligent” behavior Can draw conclusions from complex
relationships Can provide portable knowledge Can deal with uncertainty
![Page 7: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Expert System Limitations
Not widely used or tested Difficult to use Limited to relatively narrow problems Cannot readily deal with “mixed” knowledge Possibility of error Cannot refine own knowledge base Difficult to maintain May have high development costs Raise legal and ethical concerns
![Page 8: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Components of an Expert System
Backward chainingForward chainingComparison of backward
and forward chaining
Assembling human expertsThe use of fuzzy logicThe use of rulesThe use of cases
![Page 9: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Rules
Whale Watcher demo http://www.aiinc.ca/dem
os/whale.html JESS and the Sticks
game http://herzberg.ca.sandi
a.gov/jess/ Other demos
http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~mariopi/AIDemos.html
![Page 10: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Knowledge Acquisition Facility
![Page 11: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Expert System Development Process
![Page 12: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Participants in Expert System Development
Recognize the real problemDevelop a general framework for problem solvingFormulate theories about the situationDevelop and use general rules to solve a problemKnow when to break the rules or general principlesSolve problems quickly and efficiently
![Page 13: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Expert Systems Development Alternatives
![Page 14: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
When to Use Expert Systems
High payoff Preserve scarce expertise Distribute expertise Provide more consistency than
humans Faster solutions than humans Training expertise
![Page 15: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Applications of Expert System and Artificial Intelligence Credit granting and loan analysis Stock Picking Catching cheats and terrorists Budgeting Information management and retrieval Games Virus detection Hospitals and medical facilities
![Page 16: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Virtual Reality
A system that enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment
Head mounted display
Data glove
Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor (BOOM)
CAVE
Haptic interface, aka force feedback
![Page 17: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Wearable computers / Augmented Reality
Computers worn as part of clothing, jewellery, etc.
Computers are always present Context-aware: Senses where the
user is, what is happening MIT Media labs
http://www.media.mit.edu/wearables/mithril/
![Page 18: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
VR Applications
Medicine used to link stroke patients to physical
therapists Education and training
used by military for aircraft maintenance Entertainment
CGI The Matrix Reloaded, Star Wars, LOTR
Real Estate Marketing and Tourism Used to increase real estate sales Virtual reality tour of the White House
![Page 19: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Other Specialized Systems
Segway Personal Transporter
Adaptive brain interface technology
Personal awareness assistant (PAA)
![Page 20: 1 Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, and Virtual Reality Chapter 7](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649ced5503460f949ba922/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Coming up
ThursdayTutorial 8Lab 7 due
TuesdayS&R Chapter 8Database design due