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ARE 306 Unit 12

Real PropertyRights, Limitations & Taxation

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Easements

Types•Easement appurtenant

•dominant tenement/servient tenement

•Runs with land

•Easement in gross•No dominant tenement•Personal

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Creation of easements

Express grant in a deed Reservation in a deed By prescription (7 or 20 years) Implied easements Statutory cartway proceeding

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Covenants running with the land

Express (restrictive) Implied

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Zoning and land use controls

Municipal• Extra territorial

County• Ag exemption

Voluntary agricultural districts

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Taxation

Obligation• Tax foreclosures

Use valuation

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Use value taxation

Assessed at current use Eligible land

•Agricultural - 10 or more acres•Horticultural - 5 or more acres•Forest land - 20 or more acres

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Use value taxation

$1,000 gross income for 3 years (except forest land)

3 year recapture upon conversion

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Adverse Possession

Elements• Actual• Open & notorious• Hostile• Continuous (tacking)• Exclusive possession under claim of

right for statutory period

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Adverse Possession

Private land• 20 years - claim of right• 7 years - color of title

State land• 30 years - claim of right• 21 years - color of title

Never• Public trust land• Roads, canals, etc.• Federal land• Torrens system (cf., betterments)

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Adverse Possession

Policy• Encourage full use of property• Settle boundary disputes

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Eminent domain