1

APPLICATION OF THE FRBR TO OLDER BOOKS & ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

CATALOGUING

tinka.katic@nsk.hrsofija.klarin@nsk.hr

The National and University Library, Zagreb, Croatia

2

CONTENT

1. Introduction

2. Definition of the older book/electronic resources

3. Common and/or specific characteristics

4. Bibliographic relationships

5. Structuring the UNIMARC records: case study

6. Conclusion

3

1. INTRODUCTION

Functional requirements for bibliographic records. München : K. G. Saur, 1998.

• great impact within the library and wider information communities

Delsey, Tom. Reassessing Conventional Paradigms for Document Description. http://w3.uniroma1.it/ssab/er/relazioni/delsey_eng.pdf

Delsey, Tom. Displays for Multiple Versions from MARC 21 and FRBR. http://www.loc.gov./marc/marc-functional-analysis/multiple-versions.html

Katić, Tinka. Application of the FRBR to Rare Book Cataloguing. // ELAG 2001 proceedings. Prague : National Library of the Czech Republic, 2002.

Murtomaa, Eeva. The Impact of the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Recommendations on the ISBD(ER). http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla64/065-74e.htm

4

1. INTRODUCTION

• one of the possible purpose of the E-R (ENTITY- RELATIONSHIP) model: a basis for the revision of national cataloguing codes • PPIAK (Croatian cataloguing code): regulates cataloguing of modern printed material the need of including other types of material and media

e. g., electronic resources

why older books?

5

2. DEFINITIONS

A) OLDER BOOK

• standard definition of the book: dichotomy of work and its material carrier

• definition of the older book: standard definition of the book, chronologically restricted to the hand press era (15th to 19th century)

6

2. DEFINITIONS

B) ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

• consist of material that are computer-controlled

• content: include data, programs, data&programs

• access: local, remote (local&remote)

• terminology issues:

•digital/electronic

•resource/publication/document/object/DLO...

7

3. COMMON AND/OR SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS

3.1 Complex publishing and printing relationships

3.2 Rich intellectual responsibilities and differing roles of these responsibilities

3.3 Complex relationships among various manifestations of work (forms, formats, media)

8

3.1 COMPLEX PUBLISHING AND PRINTING

RELATIONSHIPS A) OLDER BOOKS

a) PRODUCTION complex publishing and printing relations built during the 500-years of printing: editions, issues, impressions, states

b) PRE- and POSTPUBLISHING HISTORY

communication chain:

publishing-printing/producing-distribution-reader/user/owner

9

3.1 COMPLEX PUBLISHING AND PRINTING

RELATIONSHIPS B) ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

• PRODUCTION of E-RESOURCES

originally digital resources, digitized or converted to digital form (e. g., transcribed)

- complexity of structure and content (T. Delsey):– integration of different media– easy to modify (to revise&extend the content and form)– revisions&extensions

• less apparent to the user, difficult to detect unauthorized alterations, difficult to distinguish different “versions” of a document

– new modes of interaction between the user and the document (hypertext, granularity, “personal view”)

10

B) ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

• TRANSMITION&PUBLISHING of E-RESOURCES– external factors: hardware&software, networks– T. Delsey: The nature of digital transmission is such that, in effect, the

document is assembled at the point of “serving”.– M. Kržak: Electronic document “does not exist”. It is created at the moment it is

being used.

• World Wide Web: • quantity vs. quality, • easy to publish (no editorial filters included)• broader/diverse audience• number of copies (print media) vs. number of access

(e-document)• 1 (unique) item available (+ mirror site(s))• various formats (manifestations)

11

3.2 RICH INTELLECTUAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND DIFFERING ROLES

OF THESE RESPONSIBILITIES A. OLDER BOOKS

a) relationship: creation entity: work responsibility: primary: author, writer, compiler, composer etc.

b) relationship: realization entity: expression responsibility: secondary: translator, performer, illustrator, editor etc.

c) relationship: production entities: manifestation, item responsibility: secondary: producer, printer, publisher, bookbinder, distributor, illustrator etc.

d) relationship: ownership entities: item, work, expression responsibility: secondary: previous owner, owner, donator, copyright owner etc.

12

3.2 RICH INTELLECTUAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND DIFFERING ROLES

OF THESE RESPONSIBILITIES B) ELECRONIC RESOURCES (ISBD(ER) - 1.5.2)

a) relationship: creation entity: work responsibility: primary: writers, programmers, principal investigators, graphic artists, composers, animators etc. b) relationship: realization entity: expression responsibility: secondary: translator, performer, illustrator, editor, author of the work on which the software is based, adapters of an already existing work; whether in the same medium as the original or in another etc. c) relationship: production entities: manifestation, item responsibility: secondary: producer, publisher, distributor etc. d) relationship: ownership entities: item, work, expression responsibility: secondary: owner, copyright owner, organizations or individuals sponsoring the work of any of the above etc.

13

3.3 COMPLEX RELATIONSHIPS AMONG VARIOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF WORK (FORMS, FORMATS,

MEDIA)

A) OLDER BOOKS

• printed

• facsimile

• microform

• digitized

14

B) ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

• Web resources– multiple copies/versions/formats = multiple manifestations

• Digitized reproductions – 1 format = 1 manifestation

– multiple formats (e.g., 3 formats TIFF, JPEG, JPEG (Web versions) = manifestations, variants or “states”?

– 1 format or multiple formats + 2 modes of access multiple manifestations “hybrid” item? “hybrid” record?

3.3 COMPLEX RELATIONSHIPS AMONG VARIOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF WORK (FORMS, FORMATS,

MEDIA)

Different manifestations embodying the same expression

15

4. BIBLIOGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS

A) OLDER BOOKS

4.1 Traditional catalogues

the relationships derived from the dichotomy of the book: literary item - bibliographic item

4.2 Machine readable catalogues

reconsideration of conceptual structure of information organization - an attempt of identifying bibliographic relationships in the changed environment: FRBR

16

4. BIBLIOGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIPS B) ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

ER in catalogue bibliographic record linked with the resource

URL = “shelf mark”/ holdingsownership / “temporary ownership”(access) dynamic resource dynamic record or incorrect record validity of the links/persistence unstable catalogue?

T.Delsey: what is the primary point of reference for the description

centering the description on attributes and relationshipsassociated with “work”(not “manifestations”) description of multiple manifestations single record

E. Murtomaa:

“FRBR seems to support the single record model for those electronic resources which are remotely available in different formats even if the the content is the same”

displays?

17

5. STRUCTURING THE UNIMARC RECORD: CASE STUDY

5.1 W-E-M-I relationship

5.2 Relationship between the entities of the second and the third group

5.3 Subject relationship

5.4 Expression-to-expression relationship

5.5 Other possible relationships

18

5. STRUCTURING THE UNIMARC RECORD : CASE STUDY - example: Marko Marulic’s work

De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum - the analysis restricted to the Latin original, Italian and German translations, and digitized German translation - data elements used from Appendix in the FRBR - missing data elements were found in the Croatian cataloguing code, ISBD(A), ISBD(ER), UNIMARC Guideline no. 2, 3 & 6 and UNIMARC Manual : Bibliographic Format

19

5.1 WORK-EXPRESSION-MANIFESTATION-ITEM RELATIONSHIP

w1 De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorume1 Latin original

m1 De institutione bene vivendi ... Venetiis ..., 1506i1 NSK: RIIF-16o-80

e2 Italian translationm1 Opera di Marco Marulo da Spalato ... In Bergamo ..., 1583. i1 NSK: RIIF-8o-61

e3 German translationm1 Sechs Buecher von Gedaechtnusss wuerdigen Reden

und Thatten ... Dilingen ..., 1583.i1 NSK: RIIF-8o-319

m2 Sechs Buecher von Gedaechtnusss wuerdigen Reden und Thatten ... [Electronic resource] Zagreb, 2001.i1 NSK: E-RIIF-8o-319i2 http://www.nsk.hr/institutione.html

20

21

S TR U C TU R IN G TH E U N IM A R C R E C O R D

i1

m 1

E 1

i1

m 1

E 2

i1

m 1

i2 & i3 & i4

m 2 & m 3 & m 4

E 3

W

TIFFCD-ROM

JPEGCD-ROM

JPEGWEB

Single (“hybrid”)bibliographicrecord

22

w1 Marko Marulic’s work De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum500 10 $3 941202031$a De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum

EXAMPLE 1e1 Latin original: De institutione bene vivendi

per exempla sanctorum 100 ## $a 19930513d1506 y0hrvy0191 na

101 0# $a lat

23

m1 A book printed in Venice 1506

200 1# $a Marcus Marulus Spalatensis De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum $a M. Maruli Carmen de doctrina Domini nostri Iesu Christi pendentis in cruce$c Carme[n] Hieronymi Macareli ...$c Lamp. Francisco Lucensi [epigramma in fine]300 ## $a Jed. oblik autorova imena: Marko Marulic700 #1 $3 910312027$a Marulic$b Marko

423 #1 $1 2001#$a Carmen$1700#1$a Macareli$b Girolamo423 #1 $1 2001#$a Epigramma$1700$a Consorti$b Francesco

300 ## $a List Q7: Jacobus Grasolarius ad lectorem; Franciscus Lucensis de [Con]sortibus ad lectore[m]702 #1 $3 910312028$a Grasolarius$b Jacobus$4 075702 11 $3 930513008$a Consorti$b Francesco de$4 075

24

m1

102 ## $a IT210 ## $a Impressit Venetiis$c presbiter Fra[n]ciscus Lucensis de Co[n]sortibus ... et Bernardinus de Vitalib[us] Venetus$d anno D[domi]ni M.D.vi. die x. mensis Februarii>300 ## $a Podaci o izdavanju preuzeti iz kolofona620 ## $a Italija$d Venezia702 11 $3 930513008$a Consorti$b Francesco de$4 750702 11 $3 930513032$a Vitali$b Bernardino$4 750

215 ## $a [334] listova$d 16o (15 cm)300 ## $a Sig.: a8-z8, A8-Q300 ## $a Inicijali

25

i1 Incomplete copy owned by the National and University Library, previous owner: Vicenzo Capelli

141 ## $a f b0ee$5 CiZaNSK: RIIF-16o-80316 ## $a Nedostaje poglavlje XI. i XII. u cetvrtoj knjizi i pocetak pete knjige$5 CiZaNSK: RIIF-16o-80316 ## $a Uvezano u kartonske korice, bez hrpta$5 CiZaNSK: RIIF-16o-80317 ## $a Na nasl. str. zapis: Vincy Capelli$5 CiZaNSK: RIIF-16o-80318 ## $a Pregledano$c 19941129$l Dobro ocuvano$n Restaurirati uvez $5 CiZaNSK: RIIF-16o-80702 11 $3 941129068$a Capelli$b Vicenzo$4 390$5 CiZaNSK: RIIF-16o-80990 ## $a RIIF-16o-80990 ## $a 62.775 (st. sig.)990 ## $a SM.26.G.13. (st. sig.)

26

EXAMPLE 2

e2 Italian translation: De institutione del buono et beato vivere secondo l’esempio de’ Santi ...

100 ## $a 19941202d1583 y0hrvy0191 ba101 1# $a ita$c lat300 ## $a Prijevod djela: De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum / Marko Marulic; prev. Remigio Nannini500 10 $3 941202031$a De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum$m tal. prijevod

27

m1 A book printed in Bergamo 1583

200 1# $a Opera di Marco Marulo da Spalato circa l’institutione del buono e beato vivere ...$g e tradotta in lingua toscana da maestro Remigio Fiorentino, dell' ordine de' predicatori300 ## $a Jed. oblik autorova imena: Marko Marulic700 #1 $3 910312027$a Marulic$bMarko702 11 $3 930705210$a Nannini$b Remigio$4 730205 ## $a Di nuovo con diligenza ristampata, e da notabilissimi errori emendata, con l' aggiunta di una copiosa tavola, oltra quella delle principali materie102 ## $a IT210 ## $a In Bergamo$c apresso Comino Ventura$d 1583620 ## $a Italija$d Bergamo702 11 $3 930806042$a Ventura$b Comino$4 750

28

i1 A well-preserved paperboard copy owned by the National and University Library

141 ## $a fb b0bb$5CiZaNSK: RIIF-8o-61 316 ## $a Uvezano u sarene kartonske korice s koznatim hrptom; na hrptu naljepnica: 53$5 CiZaNSK: RIIF-8o-61318 ## $a Pregledano$c 19941202$l Dobro ocuvano$5 CiZaNSK: RIIF-8o-61990 ## $a RIIF-8o-61990 ## $a R 2558 (st. sig.)

29

EXAMPLE 3

e3 German translation: M. Maruli Spalatensis Sechs Buecher von Gedaechtnusss wuerdigen Reden und Thatten ...

100 ## $a 19941208d1583 y0hrvy0191 ba101 1# $a ger$c lat300 ## $a Prijevod djela: De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum / Marko Marulic; prev. Hermann Baumgartern500 10 $3 941205099$a De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum$m njem. prijevod

30

m1 A book printed in Dillingen 1583

200 1# $a M. Maruli Spalatensis Sechs Buecher. Von Gedaechtnuss wuerdigen Reden und Thatten. Oder: Von Lehr und Underweisung das Leben wol und selig anzustellen nach form der Hailigen Lebens Altes und Newen Testaments ... $f in teutsche Spraach gebracht durch Herman Baumgartern Burgern und Bischofflichen Fiscal zu[m] Augspurg

300 ## $a [Str. 3-7:] Dem hochwuerdigen Fuersten und Herrn Marquarden vom Berg Bischoffen zu Augspurg und Thumprobsten zu Bamberg meinem gnedigen Fuersten und Herrn ... / Herman Baumgartern300 ## $a Jed. oblik autorova imena: Marko Marulic700 #1 $3 910312027$a Marulic$bMarko702 11 $3 941205102$a Baumgartern$b Hermann$4 730$4 290

31

m1

210 ## $a Getruckt zu Dilingen$c durch Johannem Mayer$d M.D.LXXXIII620 ## $a Njemacka$d Dillingen702 11 $3 941205100$a Mayer$b Johann$4 750

215 ## $a [68], 964 str.$c ilustr.$d 8o (22 cm)300 ## $a Got.

32

i1 A copy presented to the National and University Library by Ivan Kukuljevic Sakcinski141 ## $a b a0ea$5CiZaNSK: RIIF-8o-319316 ## $a Uvezano u koznate korice s utisnutim ukrasima$5 CiZaNSK: RIIF-8o-319316 ## $a Na poledjini prednje korice zapis na lat. jeziku$5 CiZaNSK: RIIF-8o-319317 ## $a Na poledjini prednje korice zapis: Daruje Sveucilišnoj knjiznici: Ivan Kukuljevic$5 CiZaNSK: RIIF-8o-319318 ## $a Pregledano$c 19941208$l Dobro ocuvano, hrbat djelomicno ostecen$n Restaurirati uvez$5 CiZaNSK: RIIF-8o-319702 11 $3 910724176$a Kukuljevic-Sakcinski$b Ivan$4 320$5 CiZaNSK: RIIF-8o-319990 ## $a RIIF-8o-319990 ## $a 62.856 (st. sig.)990 ## $a SM.27.B.22. (st. sig.)

316 ## $a Uvezano u koznate korice s utisnutim ukrasima$5 CiZaNSK: RIIF-8o-319$uhttp://www.nsk.hr/SM27B22/korice.html

33

EXAMPLE 4• i2 A copy presented to the National and University

Library by Ivan Kukuljevic Sakcinski - digitized

Original ReproductionCD-ROM (master TIFF)

CD-ROM (JPEG)

Web versions (3 access

versions JPEG)

New notes: note on access restrictions, material description, copyright...

Decisions we made:•to create single record for digitised reproductions, linked with the record of the original = to create a “hybrid” record for all digital versions: locally accessed (CD-ROM versions) and remotely accessed material (Web versions)

34

• i2 A copy presented to the National and University Library by Ivan Kukuljevic Sakcinski - digitized

e3 German translation:

M. Maruli Spalatensis Sechs Buecher von Gedaechtnusss wuerdigen Reden und Thatten ...

100 ## $a 19941208e20011506 y0hrvy0191 ba

101 1# $a ger$c lat

300 ## $a Prijevod djela: De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum / Marko Marulic; prev. Hermann Baumgartern

500 10 $3 941205099$a De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum$m njem. prijevod

35

m1 digital reproduction(s)

102 ## $a HR 135 ## $a vocg#---apabp135 ## $a vocg#---apcda 135 ## $a vrcn#---bpcda

200 1# $a M. Maruli Spalatensis Sechs Buecher. Von Gedaechtnuss wuerdigen Reden und Thatten. Oder: Von Lehr und Underweisung das Leben wol und selig anzustellen nach form der Hailigen Lebens Altes und Newen Testaments ... $b Elektronička građa $f in teutsche Spraach gebracht durch Herman Baumgartern Burgern und Bischofflichen Fiscal zu[m] Augspurg304 ## $a Stv. nasl. s početnog zaslona (CD-ROM)304 ## $a Stv. nasl. s naslovnice ; stv. nasl. u zaglavlju HTML: Sechs Buecher

210 ## $a Zagreb $c Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica $d 2001 215 ## $a 4 optička diska (CD-ROM) $d 12 cm 215 ## $a 1 optički disk (CD-ROM) $d 12 cm 215 ## $a Datoteke mrežne inačice (po 9,60 KB, 28,5 KB, 51,6 KB) ?

36

m1 digital reproduction(s)

230 ## $a Tekstovni i slikovni podaci 324 ##

$a Digitalna reprodukcija izd. iz 1522.; RIIC-8o-100 primj. b

333 ## $a Samo za osobnu uporabu i istraživački rad; reproduciranje zabranjeno; izrada dig. i tisk. reprodukcija na zahtjev

336 ## $a Veličina građe: 2500 MB (arhivska matrica, 4 CD-ROM-a), 90 MB (reducirana inačica, 1 CD-ROM), 9,60 KB, 28,5 KB, 51,6 KB (datoteke mrežnih inačica)

337 ## $a Zahtjevi sustava za arhivsku matricu: Pentium ili bolji procesor; 32 MB RAM, čitač CD-ROM-a, miš.

337 ## $a Zahtjevi sustava za reduciranu inačicu: Pentium ili bolji procesor; 16 MB RAM, čitač CD-ROM-a, miš.

337 ## $a Pristup: World Wide Web

455 #1 $1 001 921124129

801 #0 $a HR $b NSK $g HR PPIAK

856 4# $u http://nskcrolist.nsk.hr/ESM27B22.html

37

Marulić, Marko

De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum

Elektronička građa - njemački

M. Maruli Spalatensis Sechs Buecher / in teutsche Spraach gebracht durch Herman Baumgartern Burgern und Bischofflichen Fiscal zu[m] Augspurg.

Tekstovni i slikovni podaci.

Zagreb : Nacionalna i sveučilišna knjižnica, 2001.

Digitalna reprodukcija izd. iz 1522. ; SM27B22 primj. b

4 optička diska (CD-ROM) ; 12 cm m1

Zahtjevi sustava: PC, 32 MB RAM, čitač CD-ROM-a, miš

Stv. nasl. s početnog zaslona

Veličina građe: 2500 MB (arhivska matrica u formatu TIFF).

Izrada dig. i tisk. reprodukcija na zahtjev.

1 optički disk (CD-ROM) ; 12 cm m2

Zahtjevi sustava: PC Pentuim, 16 MB RAM, čitač CD-ROM-a, miš

Stv. nasl. s početnog zaslona.

Veličina građe: 90 MB (reducirana inačica u formatu JPEG).

? Datoteke mrežne inačice (po 9,60 KB, 28,5 KB, 51,6 KB) m3Pristup: World Wide Web.

Stv. nasl. s nasl. str. ; stv. nasl. u zaglavlju HTML: Sechs BuecherURL=http://www.nsk.hr/ESM27B22.html

work manifestation(s)

38

5.2 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ENTITIES OF THE SECOND AND THE THIRD GROUP

– in order to establish relationships with the entities of the second and the third group, access points are added to the descriptive elements

the following relationships are provided:

– author-work

– translator-expression

– producer-manifestation

– previous owner/donator-item

39

5.2.1 Relationships between entity person and the 1st group of entities

5.2.1.1 Person-to-work relationship (created by)

p1 Marko Marulić w1 De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorumw2 Carmen de doctrina Domini nostri Iesu Christi

pendentis in cruce

p1 Girolamo Macareli w1 Carmen

p1 Francesco Consorti w1 Epigramma

40

5.2.1.2 Person-to-expression relationship (realized by)

e1 in Latin (no person-to-expression relationship)

p1 Remigio Nanni (translator) e1 Italian translation of the work De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum

p1 Hermann Baumgartern (translator) e1 German translation of the work De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum

41

5.2.1.3 Person-to-manifestation (produced by)

p1 Francesco Consorti (printer)p2 Bernardino Vitali (printer) m1 a book printed in Venice 1506

p1 Comino Ventura (printer)m1 a book printed in Bergamo 1583

p1 Johann Mayer (printer)m1 a book printed in Dillingen 1583

5.2.1.4 Corporate body-to-manifestation (produced by)

cb1 National and University Library Zagreb (producer)

m1 a book digitized in 2001

42

5.2.1.5 Person-to-item (owned by)

p1 Vicenzo Capelli (former owner)i1 a copy NSK RIIF-16o-80 was owned by V.

Capelli

p1 Ivan Kukuljevic Sakcinski (donator)i1 a copy NSK RIIF-8o-319 was presented to

the Library by Ivan Kukuljevic Sakcinski

43

5.3 Subject relationship

Concept-work

c1 Moral teologyw1 De institutione bene vivendi per

exempla sanctorum

44

5.4 Expression-to-expression and manifestation-to-manifestation

relationships

w1 Marko Marulic’s work De institutione bene vivendi per exempla sanctorum

e1 Author’s original text in Latinis translated into is a translation of

e2 Italian, Italian translatione3 German, German translation

m1 a book printed in Dillingen 1583has a reproduction is a reproduction of

m2 a book digitized by NUL Zagreb 2001

45

5.5 Other possible relationships

- the relationship on the manifestation level for the entity “produced in” is missing

proposals: creation of additional direct link from manifestation to the existing place or indirect link from manifestation to person/corporate body responsible for production of the manifestation

46

6. CONCLUSION

6.1 Revision of cataloguing code

6.1.1 Objectives

(1) to examine whether the principles for the bibliographic description contain all three groups of entities, relationships between entities within the first group, and relationships between each group of entities, all of which, by identifying relations between editions, impressions, issues, states, versions etc. would express the complexity of printing and publishing process and refer to the work contained in these editions, versions etc.;

47

(2) to examine whether it provides links to all persons or corporate bodies responsible for the intellectual and artistic content of the work, and all those who participated in the creation of the work/edition/impression/issue and in the history of the item, and

(3) to examine whether it provides description of all material characteristics of the book/resource.

48

6.1.2 Directions

(1) to retain the present state if the four level model is considered to be only a more detailed concept of the two level model (work-item);

(2) to redefine functions of the bibliographic record and certain cataloguing rules to make the model more transparent i.e. explicit mention of entities and their relationships; and

(3) to obtain explicitness of the FRBR entity-relationship model to make the organizational model of cataloguing code instead of the linearity of ISBD structural areas.

49

6.2 Reexamination of MARC record

- UNIMARC format should it be revised and/or extended?

6.3 Definition of functional requirements for authority records

6.4 Design of the search and retrieval interfaces

6.5 Display of records for multiple manifestations of the same work

50

APPLICATION OF THE FRBR TO OLDER BOOKS & ELECTRONIC

RESOURCES CATALOGUING

Thank you!Thank you!