1 age location - gld
TRANSCRIPT
1
1 AGE & LOCATION
Variable Name Question Value Label
SbjNum Household Identifier
district Name of the district the household is located in.
village_algorithm Name of the village the household is located in
(cleaned).
EA Name of EA the household is located in.
TA Name of TA the household is located in.
age Age of the respondent.
EAid Weighting variable.
fpc1 Weighting variable.
fpc2 Weighting variable.
poststratum Weighting variable.
poststratsize Weighting variable.
q13 Is this area:
1 Rural village
2 Small town
3 Urban city
q14 Is this a house (stand alone) or an apartment (one
unit in a large building)? 1 House
2 Apartment
q15
What is the socioeconomic status of the housing
based upon the external appearance of the house
and neighborhood compared to other houses in the
same EA?
1 Lower class
2 Middle class
3 Upper class
q15_1 Compared to other homes in this area, does this
home appear to be ...
1 Worse off
2 About the same
3 Better off
q16 What is the roof of the respondent's home or
shelter made of?
1 Metal, aluminum, tin,
or zinc
2 Tiles
4 Thatch or grass
5 Plastic sheets
6 Asbestos
7 Multiple materials
8 Concrete
9 Some other material
98 Could not tell/could
not see
q16_1 What is the house made of?
1 Sundried brick
2 Burnt brick
3 Other
2
Variable Name Question Value Label
q37 Gender 1 Male
2 Female
q38 DO NOT ask, just enter: Does the house have
electricity?
1 Connected to the
electricity grid
2 Solar Power
0 No electricity
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q39 DO NOT ask, just enter: What language(s) was the
chosen respondent speaking?
1 Chitumbuka
2 Chinkhonde
3 Chilambya
4 Chichewa
5 Chiyao
6 Chingoni
7 Chilomwe
8 Chimang'anja
9 Chisena
10 Chisukwa
11 Chisenga
12 Chitonga
13 Chinyanja
14 English
15 Other
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q44 What languages can you speak?
1 Chitumbuka
2 Chinkhonde
3 Chilambya
4 Chichewa
5 Chiyao
6 Chingoni
7 Chilomwe
8 Chimang'anja
9 Chisena
10 Chisukwa
11 Chisenga
12 Chitonga
13 Chinyanja
14 English
15 Other
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q45 Which language(s) do you speak at home?
1 Chitumbuka
2 Chinkhonde
3 Chilambya
3
Variable Name Question Value Label
4 Chichewa
5 Chiyao
6 Chingoni
7 Chilomwe
8 Chimang'anja
9 Chisena
10 Chisukwa
11 Chisenga
12 Chitonga
13 Chinyanja
14 English
15 Other
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q46 Which language(s) is your mother tongue?
1 Chitumbuka
2 Chinkhonde
3 Chilambya
4 Chichewa
5 Chiyao
6 Chingoni
7 Chilomwe
8 Chimang'anja
9 Chisena
10 Chisukwa
11 Chisenga
12 Chitonga
13 Chinyanja
14 English
15 Other
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q47 Were you born...?
1 In this
village/neighborhood
2
In another village in
this TA // In Another
neighborhood in this
town
3 In another TA in this
district
4 In another district
5 In another country
98 I don't know/Refuse to
answer
q48 What district were you born in? 1 Balaka
2 Blantyre
4
Variable Name Question Value Label
3 Chitipa
4 Chikhwawa
5 Chiradzulu
6 Dedza
7 Dowa
8 Karonga
9 Kasungu
10 Likoma
11 Lilongwe
12 Machinga
13 Mangochi
14 Mchinji
15 Mulanje
16 Mwanza
17 Mzimba
18 Neno
19 Nkhata-bay
20 Nkhotakota
21 Nsanje
22 Ntcheu
23 Ntchisi
24 Phalombe
25 Rumphi
26 Salima
27 Thyolo
28 Zomba
98 I don't know/Refuse to
answer
q49 How long have you lived in {0}?
1 Up to 3 months (i.e. 3
months or less)
2 More than 3 months up
to 6 months
3 More than 6 months up
to 1 year
4 More than 1 year up to
5 years
5 More than 5 years up
to 10 years
6 More than 10 years up
to 15 years
7 More than 15 years up
to 20 years
8 More than 20 years
5
Variable Name Question Value Label
9 My whole live (if
respondent is more
than 20 years old)
10 Don't Know/Refuse
q50 Would you say you have lived here ...
1 Less than 1 year
2 More than 1 year and
less than 5 years
3 More than 5 years and
less than 10 years
4 More than 10 years
5 Always
98 I don't know/Refuse to
answer
6
2 SOCIAL NORMS AND COMMUNITY INTERACTIONS
Variable Name Question Value Label
q78 What is your religion, if any?
1
Protestant
(evangelical/pentecosta
l/charismatic/born
again)
2
Protestant (traditional,
including
Anglican/Lutheran/Met
hodist, etc.)
3 Catholic
4 Christian (general,
without identifying a
sub-group)
5 Traditional/ethnic
religion
6 Muslim
7 None
8 Other [Specify]
98 I don't know/Refuse to
answer
q79 What is your ethnic community, cultural group, or
tribe?
1 Chewa
2 Lomwe
3 Yao
4 Ngoni
5 Tumbuka
6 Mang'anja
7 Sena
8 Tonga
9 Nkhonde
10 Lambya
11 Sukwa
12 Senga
13 Nyanja
14 Malawian only does
not identify in those
terms
15 Other
98 Don't Know/Refuse
7
3 POLITICAL PARTICIPATION
Variable Name Question Value Label
q80 Are you a Malawian citizen?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q81 Where were you registered to vote in 2014?
1 In this district
2 In another district
3 Not registered
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q82 Understanding that some people were unable to
vote in the most recent general election in 2014,
which of the following statements is true for you?
1 You voted in the
elections
2 You were too young to
vote
3 You were not
registered to vote
4 You decided not to
vote
5 You could not find the
polling station
6 You were prevented
from voting
7 You did not have time
to vote
8
You did not vote
because you could not
find your name in the
voters' register
9 I was not eligible to
vote (but not because I
was too young)
10 Did not vote for some
other reason [Do not
read]
98 I don't know/Can't
remember/Refuse to
answer [Do not read]
8
4 COMMUNITY MEETINGS
Variable Name Question Value Label
q254 Have you ever heard of any local council meetings
being open to the public in your district?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse to
answer
9
5 EDUCATION
Throughout this section, there are a few questions that ask whether or not a child attends the same
school as another child, but these questions take the form of “Does {0} attend the same school as {1}?”
(i.e. q275) in which {0} is the name of the child that the questions are currently asking about and {1} is
the name of the child for which the enumerator immediately previously asked about. Thus, these
questions are not asked for the first child.
Variable Name Question Value Label
q259
I would like to ask you some questions about your
household's experience with education. Can you
tell how many people from this household are
enrolled in primary or secondary school, whether
living here or boarding elsewhere?
q260
Can you please give the first name of each
household member that is currently enrolled in
primary or secondary school? Could you please
start with the youngest. Child 1's Name:
q261 Child 2's Name:
q262 Child 3's Name:
q263 Child 4's Name:
q264 Child 5's Name:
q265 Child 6's Name:
q266 Child 7's Name:
q267 Child 8's Name:
q268 Child 9's Name:
q269 Child 10's Name:
10
5.1 ASK FOR ALL CHILDREN IN SCHOOL This battery is repeated for each child that is part of the family and is attending school. So if the person
has 3 children, then this battery will repeat 3 times and will pipe in one child’s name in the {0}’s in the
questions in the same iteration of the battery. The questions will be asked of each child in the order
that the person listed the names in q260 - q269. To differentiate questions across children/iterations,
STG uses the prefix I_[iteration number], so all questions in this battery for the first child will have the
prefix I_1, the second child I_2, the third child I_3, etc. And I_1 will ask about the child named in q260,
I_2 the name in q216, etc.
Variable Name Question Value Label
I_1_q271 Is {0} a boy or a girl?
1 Boy
2 Girl
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q273 What is {0}'s age? 98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q274 Are you {0}'s parent, another relative, or other?
1 Parent
2 Relative
3 Other
98 Don't Know/Refuse to
Answer
I_1_q275 Does {0} attend the same school as {1}?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q276 Is {0} in boarding school, living with you, or
living with someone else?
1 Boarding school
2 Living with you
3 Living with someone
else
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q277 How does {0} get to school?
1 Car (or other private
vehicle including
motorcycle or truck)
2 Public transportation
3 Bicycle
4 Walk
5 Other
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q278 How long does it take for {0} to get to school?
1 Less than 15 minutes
2 15-29 minutes
3 30 minutes but less
than an hour
4 1 hour - 1 hour 29
minutes
5 1 hour 30 minutes - 2
hours
6 More than 2 hours
98 Don't Know/Refuse
11
Variable Name Question Value Label
I_1_q279 Does {0} come back to this home every evening or
sleep somewhere else near the school?
1 Comes home every
evening
2 Sleeps near the school
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q280 Which of the following are reasons {0} attends
this school?
1 Higher quality teaching
2 Close to home
3 Only school available
4 School from my
religious order/faith
5 It costs less than other
options
6 It's a girls/boys school
7 It has specific
programs
8 I don't have a choice
9 Other (specify)
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q281 Is this school located ...
1 In this
Village/neighborhood
2 In this District (not in
this
village/neighborhood)
3 Outside this District
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q282 What standard or form is {0} in?
1 Standard 1
2 Standard 2
3 Standard 3
4 Standard 4
5 Standard 5
6 Standard 6
7 Standard 7
8 Standard 8
9 Form 1
10 Form 2
11 Form 3
12 Form 4
13 Form 5
14 Form 6
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q283 Is this school public or private?
1 Public
2 Private
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q284 Is this a boys only/girls only school or mixed? 1 Boys School
12
Variable Name Question Value Label
2 Girls School
3 Mixed School
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q285 Is this school religious or nonreligious?
1 Religious
2 Nonreligious
98 Don't Know/Refuse
13
5.2 CHILDREN NOT ENROLLED IN SCHOOL Variable Name Question Value Label
q286 Do you have any other children starting from 6
years up to 18 years old who are not attending
school?
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
q287 How many? 98 Don't Know/Refuse
q288 Can you please give the first name of each child?
Child 1's Name:
q289 Child 2's Name:
q290 Child 3's Name:
q291 Child 4's Name:
q292 Child 5's Name:
q293 Child 6's Name:
q294 Child 7's Name:
q295 Child 8's Name:
q296 Child 9's Name:
q297 Child 10's Name:
14
5.3 ASK FOR EACH CHILD NOT IN SCHOOL ITERATION 1 This battery is repeated for each child that is part of the family, is between 6-18, and is NOT attending
school. So if the person has 3 children not in school, then this battery will repeat 3 times and will pipe in
one child’s name in the {0}’s in the questions in the same iteration of the battery. The questions will be
asked of each child in the order that the person listed the names in q288 - q297. To differentiate
questions across children/iterations, STG uses the prefix I_[iteration number], so all questions in this
battery for the first child will have the prefix I_1, the second child I_2, the third child I_3, etc. And I_1
will ask about the child named in q288, I_2 the name in q289, etc.
Variable Name Question Value Label
I_1_q298 Is {0} a boy or a girl?
1 Boy
2 Girl
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q299 What is {0}'s age? 98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q300 Are you {0}'s parent, another relative, or other?
1 Parent
2 Relative
3 Other
98 Don't Know/Refuse to
Answer
I_1_q301 Was {0} ever enrolled in school?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q302 When was {0} last enrolled in school?
1 2016
2 2015
3 2014
4 2013
5 2012
6 2011
7 2010
8 2009
9 2008
10 2007
11 2006
12 2005
13 2004
14 2003
15 2002
16 2001
17 2000
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q303 What is the last standard/form that {0} completed?
1 Standard 1
2 Standard 2
3 Standard 3
4 Standard 4
15
Variable Name Question Value Label
5 Standard 5
6 Standard 6
7 Standard 7
8 Standard 8
9 Form 1
10 Form 2
11 Form 3
12 Form 4
13 Form 5
14 Form 6
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q304 Why is {0} not currently enrolled in school?
1 Needs to work
2 Needs to help with
household chores
3 Cannot afford to send
him/her
4 Chronically sick or
disabled
5 Was not given a place
in secondary school
6 Other
98 Don't Know/Refuse
16
5.4 RANDOM SELECTION OF CHILDREN The battery of questions that starts with q317 below is only asked of 2 randomly selected children. This
section is invisible to the enumerator and used to randomly select (via code) two children about whom
the following battery will be asked. The random selection is based on the number of children the family
has; i.e. q305 is used if the family has 3 children, q306 if the family has 4 children in school, etc. The
answers indicate which children are selected. For example in q308, if answer 12 is randomly selected,
then the following battery (beginning with q317) will be asked first about child 2 (the child named in
q261) and then about child 6 (the child named in q265). The code will then pipe in the names of the two
selected children into q314 and q315. In our example, then, q314 would then contain the name from
q216 and q315 would contain the name from q265.
Variable Name Question Value Label
q305 3 Children in school
1 1 and 2
2 1 and 3
3 2 and 3
q306 4 Children in school
1 1 and 2
2 1 and 3
3 1 and 4
4 2 and 3
5 2 and 4
6 3 and 4
q307 5 Children in school
1 1 and 2
2 1 and 3
3 1 and 4
4 1 and 5
5 2 and 3
6 2 and 4
7 2 and 5
8 3 and 4
9 3 and 5
10 4 and 5
q308 6 Children in school
1 1 and 2
2 1 and 3
3 1 and 4
4 1 and 5
5 2 and 3
6 2 and 4
7 2 and 5
8 3 and 4
9 3 and 5
10 4 and 5
11 1 and 6
12 2 and 6
13 3 and 6
17
Variable Name Question Value Label
14 4 and 6
15 5 and 6
q309 7 Children in school
1 1 and 2
2 1 and 3
3 1 and 4
4 1 and 5
5 2 and 3
6 2 and 4
7 2 and 5
8 3 and 4
9 3 and 5
10 4 and 5
11 1 and 6
12 2 and 6
13 3 and 6
14 4 and 6
15 5 and 6
16 1 and 7
17 2 and 7
18 3 and 7
19 4 and 7
20 5 and 7
21 6 and 7
q310 8 Children in school
1 1 and 2
2 1 and 3
3 1 and 4
4 1 and 5
5 2 and 3
6 2 and 4
7 2 and 5
8 3 and 4
9 3 and 5
10 4 and 5
11 1 and 6
12 2 and 6
13 3 and 6
14 4 and 6
15 5 and 6
16 1 and 7
17 2 and 7
18 3 and 7
19 4 and 7
18
Variable Name Question Value Label
20 5 and 7
21 6 and 7
22 1 and 8
23 2 and 8
24 3 and 8
25 4 and 8
26 5 and 8
27 6 and 8
28 7 and 8
q311 9 Children in school
1 1 and 2
2 1 and 3
3 1 and 4
4 1 and 5
5 2 and 3
6 2 and 4
7 2 and 5
8 3 and 4
9 3 and 5
10 4 and 5
11 1 and 6
12 2 and 6
13 3 and 6
14 4 and 6
15 5 and 6
16 1 and 7
17 2 and 7
18 3 and 7
19 4 and 7
20 5 and 7
21 6 and 7
22 1 and 8
23 2 and 8
24 3 and 8
25 4 and 8
26 5 and 8
27 6 and 8
28 7 and 8
29 1 and 9
30 2 and 9
31 3 and 9
32 4 and 9
33 5 and 9
19
Variable Name Question Value Label
34 6 and 9
35 7 and 9
36 8 and 9
q312 10 Children in school
1 1 and 2
2 1 and 3
3 1 and 4
4 1 and 5
5 2 and 3
6 2 and 4
7 2 and 5
8 3 and 4
9 3 and 5
10 4 and 5
11 1 and 6
12 2 and 6
13 3 and 6
14 4 and 6
15 5 and 6
16 1 and 7
17 2 and 7
18 3 and 7
19 4 and 7
20 5 and 7
21 6 and 7
22 1 and 8
23 2 and 8
24 3 and 8
25 4 and 8
26 5 and 8
27 6 and 8
28 7 and 8
29 1 and 9
30 2 and 9
31 3 and 9
32 4 and 9
33 5 and 9
34 6 and 9
35 7 and 9
36 8 and 9
37 1 and 10
38 2 and 10
39 3 and 10
20
Variable Name Question Value Label
40 4 and 10
41 5 and 10
42 6 and 10
43 7 and 10
44 8 and 10
45 9 and 10
q313 Number of Children
q314 Iteration 1 child
q315 Iteration 2 child
21
5.5 ASK FOR 2 SELECTED CHILDREN ITERATION 1 This battery is repeated for 2 randomly selected children that are currently in school (unless the family
only ahs 1 child, then it only asks this battery once; or if the family only has 2 children then it asks this
battery for both children and no randomly selection takes place). To differentiate questions across
children/iterations, STG uses the prefix I_[iteration number], so all questions in this battery for the first
child will have the prefix I_1, and the second child I_2. And I_1 will ask about the child named in q314,
I_2 the name in q315, which were piped in (using random selection coding; see description of this in the
note associated with the previous section) the from the original naming in q260 - q269. Thus, questions
with the prefix I_1 are asked of the child named in q314 and with I_2 are asked of the child named in
q315.
Variable Name Question Value Label
I_1_q317 In the last year, have you experienced a problem
with {0}'s schooling (such as s/he was failing a
class, being expelled, etc.)?
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q318 Can you tell me what type of problem {0} has
experienced?
1 No clothes/uniform
2 Absenteeism
3 Sickness
4 Lacking school
materials (i.e.
notebooks, pens, etc.)
5 Failing exams/not
doing well in school
6 Paying school fees
7 Paying exam fees
8
Paying for school
development (i.e.
voluntary contribution
for building toilets,
etc.)
9 Child refused to enroll
in school
10 Teacher abuse
11 The school is of low
quality
12 Other
13 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q344 Does this child have a private tutor (or go for part
time lessons)?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q345 Last week, how many hours of tutoring did {0}
receive?
1 None
2 Some, but less than an
hour
3 1 to 2 hours
4 More than 2 hours but
less than 4 hours
22
Variable Name Question Value Label
5 4 hours but less than 6
hours
6 6 hours but less than 8
hours
7 8 hours but less than 10
hours
8 10 hours
9 More than 10 hours
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q346 Are any of {0}'s tutors a teacher at his/her school?
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q347 Did you pay him/her (the tutor at school)?
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q348 Overall, how much did you pay for {0}'s tutoring
last month? 98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q349 Do you feel {0} needs to be tutored because the
school fails to do its job well?
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q350 Do you feel that at {0}'s school, students who have
paid a teacher for tutoring or group lessons receive
better treatment?
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q351 About how many hours a day do members of this
household spend helping {0} with homework?
1 None
2 Some, but less than an
hour
3 1 to 2 hours
4 More than 2 hours but
less than 4 hours
5 4 hours but less than 6
hours
6 6 hours or more
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q352 Did anyone in this household pay school fees for
{0}'s education last school year?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q353 Did anyone in this household pay for books and
school uniforms (last school year)?
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q354 Did anyone help you pay these school fees
(including books and uniforms)?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q355 1 NGOs/CSOs
23
Variable Name Question Value Label
Who assisted you in paying the costs of {0}'s
schooling last year?
2 Religious
Organizations
3 A Wealthy/influential
family
4 Teacher/Principal
5 Member of Parliament
6 Local council member
7 Village head
8 Group Village
headman
9 Business person or
organization
10 Friend, family member,
or neighbor
11 Ministry of Education
12 State welfare office
13 Traditional Authority
14 Went to court
15 Traditional healer
16 Doctor
17 Police
18 Other government
official
19 Someone else? (Other)
I_1_q356 How many days of school did {0} miss during the
last week that school was in session? 98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q357 What are the main reasons {0} missed school last
week?
1 The child had to work
on the family farm
2 The child had to work
(other than on family
farm)
3 It was hard to get to
school given weather,
distance, etc.
4 Need to stay at home to
help with house chores
5 The child had problems
with the teacher or
principal at school
6 The child had problems
with other students at
school
7 The child was sick
8 The child doesn't like
school
24
Variable Name Question Value Label
9 The child was expelled
or suspended
10 Other (specify)
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q358 Can you please remind me, does {0} attend the
same school as {1}?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
Thinking about {0}'s school, please tell me if...
I_1_q359_1 The school is well-built
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q359_2 the toilets are clean
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q359_3 She/He is in an overcrowded classroom
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q359_4 The school has two or more shifts
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q359_5 During the last week that school was in session, at
least one of his/her teachers was absent from
school
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q359_6 There is a parent-teacher organization (PTO) at the
school
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q359_7 the school has a food program
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q359_8 the school has computer resources
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q360
How many children are in {0}'s classroom (for
those in secondary school, this would be the
average size of a single class period)? Even your
best guess.
98 Don't Know/Refuse
Is {0} safe ...
I_1_q361_1 going to and from school
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q361_2 while in school 0 No
1 Yes
25
Variable Name Question Value Label
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q362 Why is {0} not safe going to school?
1 Thugs
2 Fear of kidnapping
3 Fear of rape
4 No adult to walk with
the child
5 School is far
6 Crosses a river
7 Walks through bushy
area or forest
8 Other
9 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q363 Why is {0} not safe at school?
1 Abuse from teachers
2 Other students hitting
or hurting the child
3 The child is left out of
activities
4 The child is made fun
of
5 Other children spread
lies about the child
6 Theft of belongings
7 The child has been
threatened by other
students
8 The child has been
threatened by
teachers/staff
9 Fear that in an
emergency, the child
will not get to safety
10 School invasion
13 No safe accomodations
11 Other (specify)
98 Don't Know/Refuse
Sometimes teachers and principals don’t treat all
students fairly. Thinking about {0}’s school,
would you say that they sometimes favor some
students over others based on:
I_1_q364_1 Whether they are rich or poor?
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q364_2 From certain ethnic groups or tribes?
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
26
Variable Name Question Value Label
I_1_q364_3 Male or female
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q364_4 Fast or slow learners
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q364_5 Children of important people in this village/ward
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
I_1_q364_6 Children of teachers
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
How satisfied are you with each of the following
with regards to {0}’s education?
I_1_q365_1 The quality of teaching?
1 Very unsatisfied
2 Somewhat unsatisfied
3 Somewhat satisfied
4 Very satisfied
5 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q365_2 The quality of the school's infrastructure?
1 Very unsatisfied
2 Somewhat unsatisfied
3 Somewhat satisfied
4 Very satisfied
5 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q365_3 The school's food program?
1 Very unsatisfied
2 Somewhat unsatisfied
3 Somewhat satisfied
4 Very satisfied
5 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
I_1_q365_4 The computer resources at your child's school?
1 Very unsatisfied
2 Somewhat unsatisfied
3 Somewhat satisfied
4 Very satisfied
5 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
27
6 HEALTH
Variable Name Question Value Label
q366 In general, how would you rate your overall
health-very good, good, fair, poor, or very poor?
5 Very good
4 Good
3 Fair
2 Poor
1 Very poor
98 I don't know/Refuse to
answer
q367 In the past two years, have you ever had...
1 Arthritis or
Rheumatism
2 Back or Neck problems
3 Frequent or Severe
Headaches
4 (Any other) Chronic
Pain
5 Seasonal Allergies
6 Stroke
7 Heart Attack
8 Heart Disease
9 High Blood Pressure
10 Asthma
11 Tuberculosis
12 Chronic Lung Disease
13 Diabetes or High
Blood Sugar
14 (An/The) Ulcer
15 Hiv (Infection)
16 Epilepsy or Seizures
17 Cancer
18 Yellow fever
19 Malaria
20 Other (Specify)
21 None
98 Don't Know/Refuse
Have you been treated for ... during the past 12
months?
q368_1 Arthritis or Rheumatism
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_2 Back or Neck problems
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
28
Variable Name Question Value Label
q368_3 Frequent or Severe Headaches
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_4 (Any other) Chronic Pain
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_5 Seasonal Allergies
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_6 Stroke
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_7 Heart Attack
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_8 Heart Disease
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_9 High Blood Pressure
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_10 Asthma
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_11 Tuberculosis
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_12 Chronic Lung Disease
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_13 Diabetes or High Blood Sugar
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_14 (An/The) Ulcer
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_15 Hiv (Infection)
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_16 Epilepsy or Seizures
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
29
Variable Name Question Value Label
q368_17 Cancer
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_18 Yellow fever
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_19 Malaria
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q368_20 Other (Specify)
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q370
About how often during the past 30 days did you
feel tired out for no good reason - would you say
all of the time, most of the time, some of the time,
a little of the time, or none of the time?
5 All
4 Most
3 Some
2 Little
1 None
98 DK/RA
q372 How often did you feel so nervous that nothing
could calm you down?
1 None of the time
2 Little of the time
3 Some of the time
4 Most of the time
5 All of the time
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q373 During the past 30 days, about how often did you
feel hopeless?
1 None of the time
2 Little of the time
3 Some of the time
4 Most of the time
5 All of the time
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q374 During the past 30 days, about how often did you
feel restless or fidgety?
1 None of the time
2 Little of the time
3 Some of the time
4 Most of the time
5 All of the time
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q375 How often did you feel so restless that you could
not sit still?
1 None of the time
2 Little of the time
3 Some of the time
4 Most of the time
5 All of the time
98 Don't Know/Refuse
30
Variable Name Question Value Label
q376 During the past 30 days, about how often did you
feel depressed?
1 None of the time
2 Little of the time
3 Some of the time
4 Most of the time
5 All of the time
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q377 How often did you feel so depressed that nothing
could cheer you up?
1 None of the time
2 Little of the time
3 Some of the time
4 Most of the time
5 All of the time
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q378 Have you given birth in the past 3 years?
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q380 Did you receive medical care before the baby was
born?
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q381 Where did you give birth?
1 At home
2 In a private hospital
3 In a public hospital
4 In a clinic
5 Other
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q382 Was this in this district?
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
For each of the following, was it a reason you
chose to give birth there?
q383_1 It was the closest facility
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q383_2 It is known for high quality care
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q383_3 It was the most affordable option
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q383_4 You know doctors or nurses who work in it
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q383_5 You know people who helped you get care there 0 No
31
Variable Name Question Value Label
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q383_6 You needed special care that only they can provide
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
As I read you the following statements about that
facility, please tell me whether it is true or not.
q384_1 The restrooms were clean
1 True
2 Not True
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q384_2 The doctor was present
1 True
2 Not True
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q384_3 Patients were treated with respect
1 True
2 Not True
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q384_4 Expenses for the received treatment were
reasonable
1 True
2 Not True
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q384_5 Fees were posted or clearly explained ahead of
time
1 True
2 Not True
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q384_6 The waiting period between entering the clinic and
the time you received the treatment was reasonable
1 True
2 Not True
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q384_7 I paid extra money in order to get a better
treatment
1 True
2 Not True
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q384_8 I used personal connections (kudziwana) in order
to get a better treatment.
1 True
2 Not True
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q384_9 The necessary medicines were readily available
1 True
2 Not True
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q384_10 I was referred to a private clinic for further tests
and treatment
1 True
2 Not True
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q384_11 Patients were given privacy when they were
examined
1 True
2 Not True
98 Don't Know/Refuse
For each of the following, would you say you were
very satisfied, not very satisfied, somewhat
dissatisfied, very unsatisfied?
32
Variable Name Question Value Label
q385_1 Cost
1 Very satisfied
2 Not very satisfied
3 Somewhat dissatisfied
4 Very unsatisfied
5 Not applicable
98 DK/RA
q385_2 Patient care
1 Very satisfied
2 Not very satisfied
3 Somewhat dissatisfied
4 Very unsatisfied
5 Not applicable
98 DK/RA
q385_3 Medical services
1 Very satisfied
2 Not very satisfied
3 Somewhat dissatisfied
4 Very unsatisfied
5 Not applicable
98 DK/RA
q385_4 Room and building
1 Very satisfied
2 Not very satisfied
3 Somewhat dissatisfied
4 Very unsatisfied
5 Not applicable
98 DK/RA
q386 Did you receive assistance in ACCESSING OR
PAYING FOR health care related to this birth
(including pre and post natal care)?
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q395 Was this birth the most recent time you were at a
clinic/hospital?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q396 When was the last time you visited a health clinic
or medical doctor for care, either for yourself or
accompanying others?
1 Between 0 and 6
months
2 Between 6 months and
1 year ago
3 1-2 years ago
4 2-3 years ago
5 More than 3 years ago
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q397 Why have you not gone to a health clinic or
medical doctor in the last few years?
1 Not enough time
2 Not enough
money/can't afford to
go
33
Variable Name Question Value Label
3 No health problems,
have not needed to go,
etc.
4 No good doctors
available/clinic not
good.
5 No transportation -
unable to get to clinic
6 Too sick to go to
doctor.
7 Don't Know/Refuse
q398 (Speaking of the last time you saw a doctor or
went to a clinic) did you go for yourself or were
you escorting another person?
1 Going for self
2 Escorting another
person
98 DK/RA
q399 Did you spend a night in the hospital or clinic?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q400 Did you require surgery on this visit?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q401
(Still speaking of the last time you saw a doctor or
went to a clinic) Was this doctor or clinic in this
village/neighborhood, district or outside the
district?
1 This
village/neighborhood
2 This district (but not
this village)
3 Outside this district
96 DK/RA
q402 Was this a:
2 Health dispensary or
Health center
3 Hospital
96 DK/RA
q403 Was this person or establishment:
1 Private practice
2 Public/government-
owned
4 Mission Hospital
(Christian Association
of Malawi)
5 Other (name)
96 DK/RA
q404 Which of the following saw you:
1 Doctor
2 Nurse or Medical
Assistant
3 Other staff
4 No one
34
Variable Name Question Value Label
98 Don't Know/Refuse
The last time that you went, please tell for each of
the following, is it a reason you ended up going to
this doctor or clinic?
q405_1 It was the closest facility
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q405_2 It is known for high quality care
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q405_3 It is not too expensive
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q405_4 You know doctors or nurses who work in it
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q405_5 You know people who helped you get care there
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q405_6 Because you think that only they can address your
problem
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q405_7 Was this hospital/clinic the same place at which
you gave birth (the birth we spoke of earlier)?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
Thinking about that visit, please tell me whether
each of the following statements is true or not.
q406_1 Patients had to share rooms
1 True
2 Not True
3 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q406_2 The restrooms were clean
1 True
2 Not True
3 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q406_3 The doctor was present at the facility
1 True
2 Not True
3 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q406_4 Patients were treated with respect
1 True
2 Not True
3 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
35
Variable Name Question Value Label
q406_5 Patients were given privacy when they were
examined
1 True
2 Not True
3 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q406_6 Expenses for the received treatment were
reasonable
1 True
2 Not True
3 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q406_7 Fees were posted and clearly explained ahead of
time
1 True
2 Not True
3 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q406_8 The waiting period between entering the facility
and the time you received the treatment was
reasonable
1 True
2 Not True
3 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q406_9 You paid extra money in order to get a better
treatment
1 True
2 Not True
3 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q406_10 You used personal connections (kudziwana) in
order to get a better treatment
1 True
2 Not True
3 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q406_11 The necessary medicines were readily available
1 True
2 Not True
3 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q406_12 You were referred to a private clinic for further
tests and treatment
1 True
2 Not True
3 Not applicable
98 Don't Know/Refuse
For each of the following, would you say you were
very satisfied, not very satisfied, somewhat
dissatisfied, very unsatisfied?
q407_1 Cost
1 Very satisfied
2 Somewhat satisfied
3 Somewhat dissatisfied
4 Very unsatisfied
5 Not applicable
98 DK/RA
q407_2 Medical treatment I received 1 Very satisfied
36
Variable Name Question Value Label
2 Somewhat satisfied
3 Somewhat dissatisfied
4 Very unsatisfied
5 Not applicable
98 DK/RA
q407_3 Room and building
1 Very satisfied
2 Somewhat satisfied
3 Somewhat dissatisfied
4 Very unsatisfied
5 Not applicable
98 DK/RA
q408 Did you receive assistance in accessing or paying
for this health care?
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
In the past year, did you seek medical advice from
a ...
q419_1 Pharmacist
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q419_2 Traditional healer
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q419_3 The internet/app on your phone
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q419_4 Friends, family and neighbors
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q419_5 Faith healer
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
How good do you believe the quality of medical
care is at
q420_1 The general public hospital nearest you
4 Excellent
3 Good
2 Poor
1 Very Bad
96 Don't Know
97 Refuse
q420_2 Mission hospital nearest you
4 Excellent
3 Good
2 Poor
1 Very Bad
37
Variable Name Question Value Label
96 Don't Know
97 Refuse
q420_3 The private hospital nearest you
4 Excellent
3 Good
2 Poor
1 Very Bad
96 Don't Know
97 Refuse
q420_4 Private doctor or clinic nearest you
4 Excellent
3 Good
2 Poor
1 Very Bad
96 Don't Know
97 Refuse
q420_5 The public clinic nearest you
4 Excellent
3 Good
2 Poor
1 Very Bad
96 Don't Know
97 Refuse
q420_6 The pharmacist nearest you
4 Excellent
3 Good
2 Poor
1 Very Bad
96 Don't Know
97 Refuse
q420_7 A traditional healer nearest you
4 Excellent
3 Good
2 Poor
1 Very Bad
96 Don't Know
97 Refuse
q420_8 Faith healer nearest you
4 Excellent
3 Good
2 Poor
1 Very Bad
96 Don't Know
97 Refuse
If you showed up at the public clinic nearest you,
do you think the doctor would be present and see
you if the time was ...
q421_1 8:30 AM 0 No
38
Variable Name Question Value Label
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q421_2 Noon
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q421_3 4:30 PM
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q422 In general, would you say that the doctor (at the
public clinic nearest you) is ...
1 Never present
2 Rarely present
3 Sometimes present
4 Nearly always present
96 DK/RA
Do you or anyone else in your family have any
health care needs that you are not able to attend to,
regarding ...
q423_1 Medical health
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q423_2 Dental health
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q423_3 Mental health
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q423_4 Contraception
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
What are the reasons you are unable to attend to
your needs regarding ... ?
q424_1 Medical health
1 Family cannot afford to
pay medical fees
2 Required treatment is
not available
3 The closest facility that
can provide required
service is too far
4 Other
q424_2 Dental health 1
Family cannot afford to
pay medical fees
2 Required treatment is
not available
39
Variable Name Question Value Label
3 The closest facility that
can provide required
service is too far
4 Other
q424_3 Mental health
1 Family cannot afford to
pay medical fees
2 Required treatment is
not available
3 The closest facility that
can provide required
service is too far
4 Other
q424_4 Contraception
1 Family cannot afford to
pay medical fees
2 Required treatment is
not available
3 The closest facility that
can provide required
service is too far
4 Other
q425 Are you covered by medical insurance?
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
40
7 GENERAL MUNICIPAL SERVICES/SECURITY
Variable Name Question Value Label
q427 What source of water do you use for drinking?
1 Mineral water (bottled)
2 Water tap to home
3 Shared water tap at a
common place
4 Borehole
5 Open water well
6 Covered well
7 River/Lake water
8 Rain water
9 Other
96 DK/RA
q428 Do you have electricity?
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
In the last week, have you ...
q429_1 not had enough food?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q429_2 not had enough drinking water?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q429_3 experienced a water cut?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q429_4 In the last week, have you experienced an
electricity cut?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
In the past 12 months have you asked any of the
following for assistance (charity), including food,
clothing, and shelter?
q430_1 NGOs/CSOs
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q430_2 A church, mosque, or other religious organization
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q430_3 Friend, family member, or neighbor
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q430_4 Police 0 No
41
Variable Name Question Value Label
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q430_5 Political Parties
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
Please tell me if you would feel very unsafe,
somewhat unsafe, somewhat safe, or very safe…?
q494_1 In your home
1 Very unsafe
2 Somewhat unsafe
3 Somewhat safe
4 Very safe
98 DK/RA
q494_2 Walking in your neighborhood during the day
1 Very unsafe
2 Somewhat unsafe
3 Somewhat safe
4 Very safe
98 DK/RA
q494_3 Walking in your neighborhood at night
1 Very unsafe
2 Somewhat unsafe
3 Somewhat safe
4 Very safe
98 DK/RA
q494_4 At the local market
1 Very unsafe
2 Somewhat unsafe
3 Somewhat safe
4 Very safe
98 DK/RA
q494_5 At the local mosque/church/place of worship
1 Very unsafe
2 Somewhat unsafe
3 Somewhat safe
4 Very safe
98 DK/RA
In the past 12 months, have you been personally
the victim of
q495_1 Theft or burglary
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q495_2 Armed robbery
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q495_3 Car theft or car jacking
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
42
Variable Name Question Value Label
q495_4 Beaten or assaulted by people outside of your
home
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q495_5 Beaten by someone who lives in your home
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q495_6 Murder of a friend or family member
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q495_7 Kidnapping of yourself or friend or family
member
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
In the past 12 months, have you been a party to
q513_1 Land dispute
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q513_2 Water dispute
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q513_3 A divorce or child custody battle
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q513_4 Contract dispute (i.e. with
employer/landlord/tenant)
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
Would you say that the police in this area ...
q530_1 Can solve security problems
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q530_2 Respond quickly
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q530_3 Are honest
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q530_4 Know the community well
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q530_5 Are fair
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q531 0 No
43
Variable Name Question Value Label
Have you or any member of your family ever been
beaten/threatened by the police? 1 Yes
98 DK/RA
44
8 SOCIAL ASSISTANCE AND WELFARE
Variable Name Question Value Label
q546
In this village/neighborhood, do political parties,
NGOs/Local CSOs, or religious
organizations/leaders help low-income households
meet their daily needs?
1 Political parties
2 NGOs/Local CSOs
3 Religious organizations
or leaders
4 None
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q547 In this village/neighborhood, do members of
parliament or local council members help low-
income households meet their daily needs?
1 Members of parliament
2 Local council members
3 None
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q548
(In this village/neighborhood,) does the traditional
authority, district commissioner, or village head
help low-income households meet their daily
needs?
1 Traditional authority
2 District commissioner
3 Village head
4 None
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q549
(In this village/neighborhood,) do wealthy
families, business people/organizations, their
neighbors, family members, or friends help low-
income households meet their daily needs?
1 Wealthy families
2 Business
people/organizations
3 Neighbors
4 Family members
5 Friends
6 None
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q550
(In this village/neighborhood,) does the state
welfare office or do other government officials
help low-income households meet their daily
needs?
1 State welfare office
2 Other government
officials
3 None
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q551 Do you personally feel you are eligible for
government subsidies (i.e. fertilizer) but have been
unable to obtain them?
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q552
Would you say there are none, a few, or many
families eligible for government subsidies (i.e.
fertilizer) in this village/neighborhood but have
been unable to obtain them?
1 None
2 A few
3 Many
98 DK/RA
q553
Do you believe that there are households that
receive subsidies (i.e. fertilizer) but who are not
poor? Would you say there are none, a few, or
many such cases?
1 None
2 A few
3 Many
98 DK/RA
In general in this area, how useful/effective is
kudziwana, or personal connections, to:
45
Variable Name Question Value Label
q554_1 Obtain a job in the government sector
1 Not useful
2 Slightly useful
3 Moderately useful
4 Very useful
5 Essential
98 DK/RA
q554_2 Obtain access to public services, such as
agricultural subsidies, better schools, etc.
1 Not useful
2 Slightly useful
3 Moderately useful
4 Very useful
5 Essential
98 DK/RA
I am going to read a few items to you. Can you
tell me how important is a person’s professional
qualifications in obtaining a GOVERNMENT JOB
relative to each of the following? Please indicate
whether each is more important, equally important,
or less important as a person’s experience and
professional qualifications.
q555_1 A person's political party is
1 Less important than
experience
5 and qualifications
2 Equal importance with
experience
6 and qualifications
3 More important than
experience
7 and qualifications
98 DK/RA
q555_2 A person's home village/neighborhood
1 Less important than
experience
5 and qualifications
2 Equal importance with
experience
6 and qualifications
3 More important than
experience
7 and qualifications
98 DK/RA
q555_3 A person's tribe or ethnic background is
1 Less important than
experience
5 and qualifications
2 Equal importance with
experience
46
Variable Name Question Value Label
6 and qualifications
3 More important than
experience
7 and qualifications
98 DK/RA
q555_4 A person's religion
1 Less important than
experience
5 and qualifications
2 Equal importance with
experience
6 and qualifications
3 More important than
experience
7 and qualifications
98 DK/RA
How important is a person’s professional
qualifications in obtaining ACCESS TO PUBLIC
SERVICES, such as agricultural subsidies, better
schools, etc. relative to these other factors? Please
indicate whether each is more important, equally
important, or less important as a person’s
experience and professional qualifications.
q556_1 A person's political party is
1 Less important than
experience
5 and qualifications
2 Equal importance with
experience and
qualifications
6 and qualifications
3 More important than
experience and
qualifications
7 and qualifications
98 DK/RA
q556_2 A person's home village/neighborhood
1 Less important than
experience
5 and qualifications
2 Equal importance with
experience and
qualifications
6 and qualifications
3 More important than
experience and
qualifications
7 and qualifications
47
Variable Name Question Value Label
98 DK/RA
q556_3 A person's tribe or ethnic background is
1 Less important than
experience
5 and qualifications
2 Equal importance with
experience and
qualifications
6 and qualifications
3 More important than
experience and
qualifications
7 and qualifications
98 DK/RA
q556_4 A person's religion
1 Less important than
experience
5 and qualifications
2 Equal importance with
experience and
qualifications
6 and qualifications
3 More important than
experience and
qualifications
7 and qualifications
98 DK/RA
How useful are bribe payments to:
q557_1 Obtain a job in the government sector
1 Not useful
2 Slightly useful
3 Moderately useful
4 Very useful
5 Essential
98 DK/RA
q557_2 Obtain access to public services, such as
agricultural subsidies, better schools, etc.
1 Not useful
2 Slightly useful
3 Moderately useful
4 Very useful
5 Essential
98 DK/RA
48
9 LAND RIGHTS
Variable Name Question Value Label
q559 Does this household farm any land?
0 No
1 Yes
98 I don't know/Refuse
q560 Which of the following best describes your
household?
1 The head of household
owns the land we farm,
solely
2 The head of household
owns the land we farm,
jointly
3 We farm land that is
owned by someone
else
4 The land is owned
collectively by the
village
5 The land is owned by
the Chief
98 Don't Know/Refuse
Please tell me whether or not the household
acquired any of its land in the following ways:
q561_1 The mother's side of the family owns the land
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q561_2 The father's side of the family owns the land
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q561_3 It was purchased by the head of household
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q561_4 The land is rented
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q561_5
It was acquired through the Community-Based
Rural Land Development Project (CBRDLP),
which helped people relocate in order to acquire
land
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q562 Does the head of household have a document that
proves s/he owns the land?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q563 Who do you lease this land from?
q564 Who makes the decisions regarding the use and
management of the land? 1
The head of household
only
49
Variable Name Question Value Label
2 The head of household
and spouse jointly
6 The spouse of the head
of household
3 The head of household
and another person (not
the spouse)
4 Someone other then the
head of household only
(specify)
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q565 In the past 2 years has anyone in the household
done any of the following?
1 Built any structures on
the land
2 Fertilized the land
3 Renovated or improved
your home
4 Planted hybrid maize
(used improved seeds)
5 Built or improved an
irrigation system for
the land
6 Planted trees
7 None of the above
8 Don't Know/Refuse
50
10 CORRUPTION
Variable Name Question Value Label
q566
Have you been a victim of corruption by a
LOCAL official in the past two years? By a local
official, we include an elected or appointed
councilor, a village head, a traditional authority or
any other civil servant working in your local
community, such as a teacher, permit provider,
police officer, etc. By corruption we mean: use of
public resources for private gain.
1 Yes
0 No
98 I don't know / Refuse
to answer
q568 Has anyone else in your immediate family been a
victim of corruption in the past two years?
1 Yes
0 No
98 I don't know / Refuse
to answer
q570 Did you report this act of corruption?
1 Yes
0 No
98 I don't know / Refuse
to answer
q571 Why not?
1 I don't have enough
time to report it
2 I don't know where to
report it
3 I don't know how to
report it
4 Nothing will be done /
It wouldn't make a
difference
5
It's too expensive to
report (e.g., due to
travel or phone
charges)
6 Corruption is normal /
Everyone does it /
Everyone is involved
7 I am afraid of the
consequences
8
The officials where I
would report to are also
corrupt / officials are
involved in the
corruption
9
It's government's
money, not the
people's, so it's not my
problem
10 Other
51
Variable Name Question Value Label
98 I don't know / Refuse
to answer
q572 When there is a corruption case going on in this
village/neighborhood, how serious do you think
the national government deals with the case?
4 Very Seriously
3 Quite seriously
2 Not very seriously
1 not seriously at all
98 Don't know / Refuse to
answer
q573 Have you been a victim of corruption by a
national-level official in the past two years?
1 Yes
0 No
98 I don't know / Refuse
to answer
52
11 MOST IMPACT
Variable Name Question Value Label
q574 Who do you believe currently has the most impact
on EDUCATION (primary and secondary
schools)?
1 Central government
(general)
2 Local government
(general)
3 President
4 Ministry of Education
5 Ministry of Health
6 Ministry of Home
Affairs and Internal
Security
7 Ministry of Defense
8 Ministry of
Agriculture, irrigation,
and water development
9 Local Council
10 Village head
11 Group village head
12 Traditional authority
13 Member of parliament
14 The police
15 NGOs/Local CSOs
16 Business person or
organization
17 Religious leader or
organization
18 State welfare office
19 PTO (parent teacher
organization)
20 Teachers
21 Doctors
22 Community/citizens
23 Village development
committee
24 Water boards
25 Men
26 Women
27 Other government
ministry
28 Other
29 No one
98 Don't Know/Refuse
53
Variable Name Question Value Label
q575 Who do you believe currently has the most impact
on LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT?
1 Central government
(general)
2 Local government
(general)
3 President
4 Ministry of Education
5 Ministry of Health
6 Ministry of Home
Affairs and Internal
Security
7 Ministry of Defense
8 Ministry of
Agriculture, irrigation,
and water development
9 Local Council
10 Village head
11 Group village head
12 Traditional authority
13 Member of parliament
14 The police
15 NGOs/Local CSOs
16 Business person or
organization
17 Religious leader or
organization
18 State welfare office
19 PTO (parent teacher
organization)
20 Teachers
21 Doctors
22 Community/citizens
23 Village development
committee
24 Water boards
25 Men
26 Women
27 Other government
ministry
28 Other
29 No one
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q576 Who do you believe currently has the most impact
on HEALTH SERVICES (clinics and hospitals)? 1
Central government
(general)
54
Variable Name Question Value Label
2 Local government
(general)
3 President
4 Ministry of Education
5 Ministry of Health
6 Ministry of Home
Affairs and Internal
Security
7 Ministry of Defense
8 Ministry of
Agriculture, irrigation,
and water development
9 Local Council
10 Village head
11 Group village head
12 Traditional authority
13 Member of parliament
14 The police
15 NGOs/Local CSOs
16 Business person or
organization
17 Religious leader or
organization
18 State welfare office
19 PTO (parent teacher
organization)
20 Teachers
21 Doctors
22 Community/citizens
23 Village development
committee
24 Water boards
25 Men
26 Women
27 Other government
ministry
28 Other
29 No one
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q577 (Who do you believe currently has the most
impact) and on PUBLIC SAFETY?
1 Central government
(general)
2 Local government
(general)
3 President
55
Variable Name Question Value Label
4 Ministry of Education
5 Ministry of Health
6 Ministry of Home
Affairs and Internal
Security
7 Ministry of Defense
8 Ministry of
Agriculture, irrigation,
and water development
9 Local Council
10 Village head
11 Group village head
12 Traditional authority
13 Member of parliament
14 The police
15 NGOs/Local CSOs
16 Business person or
organization
17 Religious leader or
organization
18 State welfare office
19 PTO (parent teacher
organization)
20 Teachers
21 Doctors
22 Community/citizens
23 Village development
committee
24 Water boards
25 Men
26 Women
27 Other government
ministry
28 Other
29 No one
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q578 (Who do you believe currently has the most
impact) and on the WATER SUPPLY?
1 Central government
(general)
2 Local government
(general)
3 President
4 Ministry of Education
5 Ministry of Health
56
Variable Name Question Value Label
6 Ministry of Home
Affairs and Internal
Security
7 Ministry of Defense
8 Ministry of
Agriculture, irrigation,
and water development
9 Local Council
10 Village head
11 Group village head
12 Traditional authority
13 Member of parliament
14 The police
15 NGOs/Local CSOs
16 Business person or
organization
17 Religious leader or
organization
18 State welfare office
19 PTO (parent teacher
organization)
20 Teachers
21 Doctors
22 Community/citizens
23 Village development
committee
24 Water boards
25 Men
26 Women
27 Other government
ministry
28 Other
29 No one
98 Don't Know/Refuse
57
12 DEMOGRAPHICS
Variable Name Question Value Label
q659 What year were you born?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q660 How old are you?
q661 In which of the following age brackets is your
age?
q663
People practice their religion in different ways.
Aside from weddings and funerals, how often do
you personally engage in religious practices like
prayer, reading a religious book, or attending a
religious service or a meeting of a religious group?
Would you say you do so:
1 Chewa
2 Lomwe
3 Yao
4 Ngoni
5 Tumbuka
6 Mang'anja
7 Sena
8 Tonga
9 Nkhonde
10 Lambya
11 Sukwa
12 Senga
13 Nyanja
14 Other
15 Malawian only does
not identify in those
terms
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q664 What is your highest level of education?
1 Never
2 A few times a year
3 About once a month
4 About once a week
5 A few times a week
6 About once a day
7 More than once a day
99 Respondent has no
religion (DO NOT
READ)
98 Don't Know/Refuse
(DO NOT READ)
q665 Are you...?
1 No formal schooling
2 Informal schooling
only (including
Koranic schooling)
58
Variable Name Question Value Label
3 Some primary
schooling
4 Primary school
completed
5 Intermediate school or
some secondary
school/high school
6 Secondary school/high
school completed
7
Post-secondary
qualifications, other
than university e.g. a
diploma or degree from
a polytechnic or
college
8 Some University
9 University completed
10 Post-graduate
96 DK/RA
q666 What is your spouse/partner's ethnic group?
1 Single (never married,
engaged, not
cohabiting)
2 Married
3 Divorced
4 Widowed
5 Cohabitating
96 DK/RA
q669 I will read out a few statements about your
income. Please tell me, which of the following
statement is closest to your situation?
1 Chitumbuka
2 Chinkhonde
3 Chilambya
4 Chichewa
5 Chiyao
6 Chingoni
7 Chilomwe
8 Chimang'anja
9 Chisena
10 Chisukwa
11 Chisenga
12 Chitonga
13 Chinyanja
14 English
15 Other
98 Don't Know/Refuse
59
Variable Name Question Value Label
Do you or your household own/have the
following?
q670_1 Motor vehicle or motorcycle
1 Our household income
covers the needs well -
we can save.
2
Our household income
covers the needs
alright, without much
difficulty.
3
Our household income
does not cover the
needs, there are
difficulties.
4
Our household income
does not cover the
needs, there are great
difficulties.
96 DK/RA
q670_2 Mobile telephone
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q670_3 Radio
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q670_4 Bicycle
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q670_5 Television
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q670_6 Refrigerator
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q671
Compared to others who live in this
village/neighborhood, do you consider yourself to
be better off than most, about the same as most, or
worse off than most?
998 Don't Know/Refuse
I would like to ask you now a little about your own
activities. Are you a leader, a member or not a
member of a ...?
q672_1 A church, mosque or local religious organization?
1 Worse off than most
2 About the same as
most
3 Better off than most
98 DK/RA
60
Variable Name Question Value Label
q672_2 A CSO, such as a trade union, professional
association, business organization or other CSOs
such as a charity, women's group, sports club?
1 Member
2 Leader
3 Neither
98 DK/RA
q672_3 A powerful local family?
1 Member
2 Leader
3 Neither
98 DK/RA
q672_4 A political party
1 Member
2 Leader
3 Neither
98 DK/RA
q673 What is your status/relationship at home?
1 Member
2 Leader
3 Neither
98 DK/RA
q674 Is the head of this household ... ?
1 Head of household
2 Spouse of head of
household
3
Head of household
jointly with another
member of the
household
4 Son or daughter of
head of household
5 Grandchild of head of
household
6 Son-in-law or
daughter-in-law of
head of household
7 Father or mother of the
head of
household/spouse
8 Other parents
9 Other non parents
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q675 Which best describes your housing situation:
1 Male
2 Female
3 Male and female joint
heads of household
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q676 For those people in this household who are 15 and
older, what sectors do they work in? 1 Own
2 Rent
61
Variable Name Question Value Label
3 Live for free with
relatives/friends
96 DK/RA
q677 Are you currently employed? (Given wages for
your work?)
1 Farming, hunting,
fishing
2 Agriculture and food
industries
3 Education
4 Trade
5 Building and public
works
6 Social and cultural
services
7 Healthcare
8 Banks and insurance
9 Real estate repairs
business and services
10 Telecommunications
11 Public administration
12 Mechanic and electric
industries
13 Textiles, clothing,
leather, and shoes
14 Electricity production
and distribution
15 Construction materials,
ceramic, and glass
16 Mining sector
17 Transportion
18 Hotels and restaurants
19 Water production and
distribution
20 Military
21 Chemical industry
22 Petroleum/Gas
23 Not working
98 Don't Know/Refuse
q678 Are any women in this household (other than
yourself) currently employed as paid/wage
laborers?
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
q679 What ethnic group do you believe I am from?
0 No
1 Yes
98 DK/RA
62
13 POST-INTERVIEW DEBRIEFING
Variable Name Question Value Label
q681 Language(s) of interview:
1 Chewa
2 Lomwe
3 Yao
4 Ngoni
5 Tumbuka
6 Mang'anja
7 Sena
8 Tonga
9 Nkhonde
10 Lambya
11 Sukwa
12 Senga
13 Nyanja
14 Malawian only does
not identify in those
terms
15 Other
96 Don't Know
97 Refuse
q682 Was there electricity in the house?
1 English
2 Chitumbuka
3 Chinkhonde
4 Chilambya
5 Chichewa
6 Chiyao
7 Chingoni
8 Chilomwe
9 Chimang'anja
10 Chisena
11 Chisukwa
12 Chisenga
13 Chitonga
q683 Was the road closest to their house...
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse to
answer
q686 Respondent's level of comprehension:
1 Paved
2 Concrete
3 Gravel
4 Dirt
63
Variable Name Question Value Label
q687 If below average or low, please explain. Please
note any questions or sets of questions that seemed
confusing or unclear to the respondent.
1 Very High
2 Above Average
3 Average
4 Below Average
5 Very Low
q688 Were there other people present during the
interview?
q689 Who was present?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse to
answer
q690 Did the presence of others affect the quality of the
interview?
1 Child age 5 or younger
2 Child between 6 and 12
3 Youth between 13 and
18
4 Person over 18
5 Other
q691 How many people do you know in the area where
this respondent lives?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse to
answer
q692 Did you know the interviewee?
1 Most of the people
2 Some of the people
3 Few of the people
4 None of the people
q693 How do you know the interviewee?
0 No
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse to
answer
q695 Based on your impression of the respondent's
household, estimate the financial standing of
households in that locality:
1 Friend
2 Member of family or
tribe
3 Other
q696 Respondent's level of anxiety about the survey
before the survey began:
1 Low income
2 Middle income
3 Upper-middle income
4 High income
q697 If lots of anxiety, please explain:
1 No anxiety
2 Some anxiety
3 Lots of anxiety
q701 Was the interview conducted at respondent's
home?
q702 Where was the interview conducted? 0 No
64
Variable Name Question Value Label
1 Yes
98 Don't Know/Refuse to
answer
q703 Type of home:
q704 Other points that need to be reported:
1 One room
2 Two rooms
3 Apartment
4 Entire building
5 Rural house
6 Villa
7 Compound