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Abraham Lincoln22 failed in business23 defeated for Legislature24 failed in business again25 elected to Legislature26 sweetheart died27 had nervous breakdown29 defeated for Speaker31 defeated for Elector34 defeated for Congress37 elected to Congress39 defeated for Congress46 defeated for Senate47 defeated for Vice-President49 defeated for Senate51 elected President of the United States

Communication pitfalls

Channels, electronic media

Downward, upward, and horizontal communication

The grapevine

Communicatingold Ch. 12, new Ch. 13

Interpersonal Communication Pitfalls

PerceptionDistortion in the process of receiving and interpreting information

FilteringWithholding, ignoring, or distorting information

Examples?

Various Channels of Communication

Oral communicationFace-to-face, telephone, formal presentations

Written communication Email, memos, letters, reports, computer files, other written documents

Each has advantages and disadvantages

Electronic Media

AdvantagesFlexible and efficientCheap and fastAbility to work virtuallyAvailability of “richer” media for complex or critical messages

DisadvantagesDifficulty in solving some complex problemsLess suitable for confidential information, conflict management, and negotiatingElectronic overload

Organizational Communication

Downward communicationDirection, motivation, coaching, open-book management (info)

Upward communicationExtremely valuable to management, reinforce, don’t punish

Horizontal communicationCollaboration, coordinationPeer interaction—emotional/social support

Informal communicationThe grapevine—very important, but can distort

Boundary-less organizations Free flow of information

What we just didChapter 12: Communication

Communication pitfalls

Channels, electronic media

Downward, upward, and horizontal communication

The grapevine