1 a demo of free essay scoring software levels: 6-12 ps 117 roy b. clariana – penn state u....
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A demo of free essay scoring software Levels: 6-12 PS 117
Roy B. Clariana – Penn State [email protected]
http://www.personal.psu.edu/rbc4Casper College January 14th, 2006
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Presentation Goals This presentation will demonstrate how
to download and use a software tool called ALA-Reader to score students’ biology essays
To recruit action researchers from this audience
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Personal Profile High school math and science teacher in the US
and Kenya (4 years) Energy and environment education curriculum
developer Elementary school technology coordinator (5 years) Technology education consultant for 50 schools in
Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah (3 years) Director of a technology integration project in the
United Kingdom (1 year) Software development project lead – software,
tools, web-based tools (1 year) Penn State – Associate Professor (9th year)
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Presentation flow Quick ALA-Reader demo – to see it work Brief look at its genesis and how it works Step-by-step demo – how you set it up
and use it in your classroom Monday morning
Review the data files produced One more run Final questions, Show of hands
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Quick ALA-Reader Demo Place student essays, terms file, expert
referent essay, and ALA-Reader software into the same folder (click)
Double click ALA-Reader Click the Mark L button Type in the file name of a student’s
essay Observe scores
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Genesis of ALA-Reader We are interested in concept maps, and
developed software called ALA-Mapper to score concept maps
We noticed that teachers associate concept maps and essays. (i.e., concept maps are a good organization tool.)
So we developed ALA-Reader to score essays based on ALA-Mapper
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Concept map validity
Concept maps are generally considered to be valid and reliable measures of science content knowledge (Ruiz-Primo, Schultz, Li, Shavelson, CREST in California, Rye and Rubba (2002), Jonassen, Beissner, & Yacci, 1993. . .).
essaysmultiple-choice
tests
lungsoxygenate
blood
CO2artery
pulmonary
atriumventricle
veinlungs
oxygenate
blood
CO2artery
pulmonary
atriumventricle
vein
lungs
oxygenateblood
removeCO2
pulmonaryvein
leftatrium
lungs
oxygenateblood
removeCO2
pulmonaryvein
leftatrium
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What raw data can a computer “extract” from a Concept map?
Term counts – in open-ended maps, were all of the required terms included
Propositions – a line (link, edge) connecting two terms
Link labels – the labels on the line Associations – geometric distance
between pairs of terms. Small values indicate stronger relationship.
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.. map w/ proposition array
Most studies use only link (edge) information, usually called “propositions”.
LA L OX PA PV DOX RVleft atrium -lungs 0 -oxygenate 0 1 -pulmonary artery 0 1 0 -pulmonary vein 1 1 0 0 -deoxygenate 0 1 0 0 0 -right ventricle 0 0 0 1 0 0 -
Proposition Array
lungs
oxygenate deoxygenate
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
left atrium
right ventricle
Semantic Map
(n2-n)/2 pair-wise comparisons
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.. map w/ association array
Concept Map Association Array
LA L OX PA PV DOX RVleft atrium -lungs 120 -oxygenate 150 36 -pulmonary artery 108 84 120 -pulmonary vein 72 102 114 138 -deoxygenate 156 42 54 86 144 -right ventricle 66 102 138 42 114 120 -
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
lungs
oxygenate deoxygenate
pulmonary vein
left atrium
right ventricle
S-Mapper
pulmonary artery
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Convert raw map data into scores Currently, we use a data reduction and
comparison approach called Pathfinder network representation (UNM, Schanveldt, 1990).
PFNets describe the least weighted path to connect the terms in the data proximity array
Scores are established by comparing the participant’s PFNet to a referent (expert) PFNet, and calculating the number of common links (the intersection)
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We use the same approach for ALA-Reader
… an electrical signal starts the heartbeat, by causing the atrium to contract. The blood then flows through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery and then into the lungs. Once inside the lungs, the blood gives up the carbon dioxide (cleansed) and receives oxygen. This oxygenated blood …
atrium
contract
lungs
cleansed oxygenated
P artery
P valve
Text PFNet
Proposition array
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Our papers on concept maps and essays
Add cmc conference paper Koul, R., Clariana, R. B., & Salehi, R. (2005). Comparing
several human and computer-based methods for scoring concept maps and essays. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 32 (3), 261-273. link
Taricani, E. M. & Clariana, R. B. (2006). A technique for automatically scoring open-ended concept maps. Educational Technology Research and Development, 54, 61-78.
Clariana, R.B., Koul, R., & Salehi, R. (2006). The criterion-related validity of a computer-based approach for scoring concept maps. International Journal of Instructional Media, 33 (3), in press.
Poindexter, M. T., & Clariana, R.B. (2006). The influence of relational and proposition-specific processing on structural knowledge and traditional learning outcomes. International Journal of Instructional Media, 33 (2), in press.
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Step-by-step1. Create the writing prompt2. Students write essays, when done, they save
it in a specific format3. Teacher creates key terms with synonyms
and saves as terms.txt4. Teacher creates one or two expert referent
essays5. Put all into the same folder and run ALA-
Reader6. Collect scores from the report file
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Step 2. Student essay file formatThe Dance of LifeStudent 5
The heart is the major component of the circulatory system.Its function is to circulate blood, which is comprised of both blood cells and plasma, throughout the body.Two types of blood vessels are used to circulate blood.Arteries are used to carry oxygen rich blood throughout the body, while veins are used to carry oxygen deficient blood to the heart.The heart is one of the most complex organs in the body.One of its primary jobs is to oxygenate blood for the body.Here is how it works.As stated earlier, veins carry oxygen deficient blood to the heart.The blood flows into the right atrium, then the right ventricle, and then the pulmonary artery pumps blood to the lungs for oxygen.Once the blood is oxygenated, pulmonary veins carry blood back to the heart, where it flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle.The aorta pumps oxygen rich blood throughout the body, then the veins carry oxygen deficient blood back to the heart, where the cycle begins again.Quite literally, the heart is “the heart” of the circulatory system.It is amazing to think that such a seemingly simple organ is so complex.
30 max
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Step 3. create terms.txt fileaorta aortaaortic_valve aortic_vbody bodycleanse clean carboncontract contracdiastolic diastolendocardium endocarepicardium epicarinferior_vena_cava inferiorleft_atrium left_atrileft_ventricle left_ventlungs lungmembranes membranmitral_valve mitral bicusp atrioventricularmyocardium myocardoxygen oxygenpericardium pericardpulmonary_artery pulmonary_artpulmonary_valve pulmonary_valpulmonary_veins pulmonary_veirelax relaxright_atrium right_atriright_ventricle right_ventsuperior_vena_cava superiorsystolic systoltricuspid tricusp
• 30 terms maximum• Space to separate synonyms• _ to show spaces30 max
fullpattern
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Step 4. create expert1.txt fileHeart EssayExpert 1
Blood flows from the extremities towards the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava.Blood enters the right atrium from the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava.Flow passes from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle.From the right ventricle, blood flows oneway through the pulmonary valve onto the pulmonary
artery.The blood flows through the pulmonary artery to the lungs where it is cleansed and oxygenated.Blood flows from the lungs back to the heart through the pulmonary veins.Blood then enters the left atrium from the pulmonary vein.Flow passes from the left atrium through the mitral valve into the left ventricle.Blood then flows out of the heart through the aortic valve into the aorta.The blood in the aorta flows to all parts of the body.
contract and systolicdiastolic and relax
membranesendocardium and myocardiumepicardium and pericardium
30 max
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Step 5. Run ALA-Reader Place student essays, terms file, expert
referent essay, and ALA-Reader software into the same folder (click)
Double click ALA-Reader Click the Mark L button Type in the file name of a student’s
essay Observe scores
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Step 6. Use scores See report.txt or L_report.txt
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ALA-Reader future Current beta version forms proposition
array based on sentence-level and also linear associations
Add other ways to parse the text, e.g., pure linear, reverse linear, double-chunk, etc.
Add a graphing utility to the tool Download from my web site at
www.personal.psu.edu/rbc4
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Questions Questions Show of hands… One-on-one after the session, also email
me with any questions, etc.