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MUTP: MCGM Traffic Management Unit Training ProgrammePublic Transportation Planning

MVA

Public Public Transportation PlanningTransportation Planning

Presented by

Dr. Tom V. MathewDr. Tom V. Mathew

Transportation Systems EngineeringTransportation Systems EngineeringDepartment of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering

IIT BombayIIT Bombay

September 2004September 2004

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1.1. IntroductionIntroduction

2.2. Urban passenger transport modesUrban passenger transport modes

3.3. Vehicle characteristics & motionVehicle characteristics & motion

4.4. Bus transit modeBus transit mode

5.5. Rail transit modeRail transit mode

6.6. Transit system performanceTransit system performance

7.7. Planning IssuesPlanning Issues

OverviewOverview

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1. Introduction1. Introduction

1.11.1 Transportation & location of cities Transportation & location of cities

1.2 1.2 Form & structure of cities Form & structure of cities

1.31.3 Brief history of public transportation Brief history of public transportation

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The exchanges of goods affected transportation The exchanges of goods affected transportation

(eg. Mumbai, Chennai, Istanbul….)(eg. Mumbai, Chennai, Istanbul….)

Intensification goods exchange resulted in Intensification goods exchange resulted in

transloading and route crossing which eventually transloading and route crossing which eventually

became major cities became major cities (eg. Nagpur)(eg. Nagpur)

Strategic consideration for cities include easy Strategic consideration for cities include easy

accessibility accessibility (eg. Moscow)(eg. Moscow)

Administrative/Political Administrative/Political (eg. Delhi)(eg. Delhi)

1.1 Transportation & location of cities1.1 Transportation & location of cities

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Irregular: Irregular: transportation has no roletransportation has no role

Grid: Grid: easy travel along the two axeseasy travel along the two axes

Grid with superimposed diagonals: Grid with superimposed diagonals: better aesthetics better aesthetics

and easy travel, but complex intersectionand easy travel, but complex intersection

Radial and circular road network:Radial and circular road network:

1.2 Form & structure of cities1.2 Form & structure of cities

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1662: 1662: public coach public coach

serviceservice started in Paris started in Paris

with five routes each with five routes each

can carry eight can carry eight

passengerspassengers

1828: 1828: horse-drawn horse-drawn

omnibusomnibus started in Paris started in Paris

on 10 fixed routed with on 10 fixed routed with

fleet size 100 each can fleet size 100 each can

carry 14 passengerscarry 14 passengers

1.3 Brief history of public transportation-a1.3 Brief history of public transportation-a

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1832: 1832: horse-drawn horse-drawn

street railwaystreet railway in New in New

York with three York with three

compartments with 10 compartments with 10

passengers in side and passengers in side and

10 on top10 on top

1863-70: 1863-70: horse-horse-

tramwaytramway in many cities in many cities

which attracted many which attracted many

working-class because working-class because

of high efficiency, lower of high efficiency, lower

fare, flexibilityfare, flexibility

1.3 Brief history of public transportation-b1.3 Brief history of public transportation-b

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Steam: Steam: driven driven

omnibus:-a failureomnibus:-a failure

Fireless: Fireless: steam steam

driven engines: driven engines:

only for short haulonly for short haul

Compressed air Compressed air

system: system: high fuel high fuel

costcost

1.3 Brief history of public transportation-c1.3 Brief history of public transportation-c

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Electric traction: Electric traction:

using batteries:-using batteries:-

high costhigh cost

Cable cars: Cable cars:

using rollers, using rollers,

pulleys etc.pulleys etc.

1.3 Brief history of public transportation-b1.3 Brief history of public transportation-b

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Electric street cars:Electric street cars:

tram lines in US leadedtram lines in US leaded 26782 km in 1880-190226782 km in 1880-1902

1.3 Brief history of public transportation-c1.3 Brief history of public transportation-c

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1.3 Brief history of public transportation-d1.3 Brief history of public transportation-d

Motor buses: Motor buses:

petrol based or diesel basedpetrol based or diesel based

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High-speed rail transit modesHigh-speed rail transit modes

1.3 Brief history of public transportation-e1.3 Brief history of public transportation-e

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2.1 2.1 Classification by usageClassification by usage

2.2 2.2 Modes definitionsModes definitions

2.3 2.3 Transit system characteristicsTransit system characteristics

2.4 2.4 Transportation system evolutionTransportation system evolution

2. 2. Urban passenger transport modesUrban passenger transport modes

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2.1 Classification by usage2.1 Classification by usage

Private transport: Private transport: own useown use

Para transit: Para transit: usually demandusually demand responsiveresponsive

Transit: Transit: common carrier urban passenger transport common carrier urban passenger transport

also known as mass transportation usually fixed route also known as mass transportation usually fixed route

and fixed scheduleand fixed schedule

Public transportation: Public transportation: transit + [paratransit]transit + [paratransit]

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2.2 Modes definitions: Right of way - a2.2 Modes definitions: Right of way - a

R/W: R/W: strip of land on which transit vehicles operatestrip of land on which transit vehicles operate

R/W-C: R/W-C: mixed trafficmixed traffic

R/W-B: R/W-B: physically separated, but allows at-grade physically separated, but allows at-grade

crossingscrossings

R/W-A: R/W-A: fully controlled without any legal accessfully controlled without any legal access

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2.2 Modes definitions: Right of way-b2.2 Modes definitions: Right of way-b

R/W-C: R/W-C: mixedmixed

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R/W-B: R/W-B: physically physically

separated, but separated, but

allows at-grade allows at-grade

crossingscrossings

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R/W-A: R/W-A: fully fully

controlled controlled

without any without any

legal accesslegal access

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2.2 Modes definitions: Technologies2.2 Modes definitions: Technologies

Support: Support: vertical contact between vehicle and riding vertical contact between vehicle and riding surface (road, rail, water, air, magnetic)surface (road, rail, water, air, magnetic)

Guidance: Guidance: lateral vehicle guidance (steered or guided)lateral vehicle guidance (steered or guided)

Propulsion: Propulsion: type of unit and transfer type of unit and transfer (diesel/gas/petrol/electric) and (friction/cable/magnetic)(diesel/gas/petrol/electric) and (friction/cable/magnetic)

Control: Control: regulation the travel of vehicle regulation the travel of vehicle (visual/signal/automatic)(visual/signal/automatic)

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2.2 Modes definitions: Service types2.2 Modes definitions: Service types

Type of trips:Type of trips: short-haul transit, city transit, regional short-haul transit, city transit, regional

transittransit

Stopping schedule:Stopping schedule: local, accelerated, express local, accelerated, express

Time of operation:Time of operation: regular or all-day service, regular or all-day service,

commuter or peak-hour service, special or irregular commuter or peak-hour service, special or irregular

serviceservice

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2.3 Transit system components2.3 Transit system components

Vehicle:Vehicle:

Ways, travel ways or right-of-way:Ways, travel ways or right-of-way:

Stops:Stops:

Stations:Stations:

Transfer stations:Transfer stations:

Multi-model transfer stations:Multi-model transfer stations:

Control system:Control system:

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2.3 Transit system characteristics-a2.3 Transit system characteristics-a

ServiceService frequencyfrequency ( (ff): no of transit departure per hour): no of transit departure per hour

Operation speedOperation speed ( (VoVo): Speed of travel experienced by ): Speed of travel experienced by

passengerpassenger

ReliabilityReliability: % of vehicle arrival with less than a fixed : % of vehicle arrival with less than a fixed

time durationtime duration

SafetySafety: no of accidents per million km: no of accidents per million km

Line capacityLine capacity ( (CC): maximum no of persons a transit ): maximum no of persons a transit

system can carry past a point during one hoursystem can carry past a point during one hour

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2.4 Transit system characteristics-b2.4 Transit system characteristics-b

Product capacity (Product capacity (PcPc): ): product of operating speed and product of operating speed and

capacities of the line (capacities of the line (Vo x CVo x C))

Productivity: Productivity: the quality of output per unit of resources the quality of output per unit of resources

(vehicle-km)(vehicle-km)

Utilization: Utilization: Ratio of output (person-km/space-km)Ratio of output (person-km/space-km)

Other: Other: level-of-service, service quality, farelevel-of-service, service quality, fare

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2.5 Transportation system evolution2.5 Transportation system evolution

1.1. Walking:Walking:

2.2. Private-automobiles:Private-automobiles:

3.3. Common-carrier service (taxis):Common-carrier service (taxis):

4.4. Construction of arterials:Construction of arterials:

5.5. Paratransit and bus transit:Paratransit and bus transit:

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2.5 Transportation system evolution2.5 Transportation system evolution

6.6. Partial separation of modes:Partial separation of modes:

7.7. Guided transit:Guided transit:

8.8. Freeways: Freeways: grade-separated wide pathsgrade-separated wide paths

9.9. Rapid transit: Rapid transit: fully controlled R/Wfully controlled R/W

10.10. Fully automated transit:Fully automated transit:

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3. Vehicle characteristics & motion3. Vehicle characteristics & motion

3.13.1 Resistance to motion Resistance to motion

3.2 3.2 PropulsionPropulsion

3.33.3 Travel analysis Travel analysis

3.43.4 Energy consumption Energy consumption

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3.1 Resistance to motion3.1 Resistance to motion

Vehicle resistance Vehicle resistance

Basic resistanceBasic resistance

Rollins resistanceRollins resistance

Way resistance (Track or roadway)Way resistance (Track or roadway)

Track or roadway positionTrack or roadway position

Riding surfaceRiding surface

Sway & oscillationSway & oscillation

Air resistanceAir resistance

Alignment resistanceAlignment resistance

GradientGradient

CurvatureCurvature

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Propulsion provide the force to over come Propulsion provide the force to over come

resistance to motionresistance to motion

Power of IC engine is defined as: (HP)Power of IC engine is defined as: (HP)

Indicated power: measured in the cylinderIndicated power: measured in the cylinder

Brake power: measured at the motor shaftBrake power: measured at the motor shaft

Effection power: at the perimeter of the wheelsEffection power: at the perimeter of the wheels

Tractive effort is a function of speedTractive effort is a function of speed

3.2 Propulsion-IC engines-a3.2 Propulsion-IC engines-a

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3.2 Propulsion-IC engines-b3.2 Propulsion-IC engines-b

Gear IGear I

Gear IIGear II

Gear IIIGear III

Vehicle SpeedVehicle Speed

Tra

ctiv

e E

ffo

rtT

ract

ive

Eff

ort

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3.2 Propulsion-electric traction-a3.2 Propulsion-electric traction-a

Power of electric motor: expressed in KWPower of electric motor: expressed in KW

Hourly ratios: maximum power that can be produced Hourly ratios: maximum power that can be produced by one hour of continues operation by one hour of continues operation

Continuous ration: the maximum power the motor can Continuous ration: the maximum power the motor can produce in unlimited operationproduce in unlimited operation

DC motor and AC motorDC motor and AC motor

DC: high initial torque, easy speed regulation, simple DC: high initial torque, easy speed regulation, simple controlcontrol

AC: lightweight, durable, low transmission lossAC: lightweight, durable, low transmission loss

AC transmission & DC motorAC transmission & DC motor

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3.2 Propulsion-electric traction-b3.2 Propulsion-electric traction-b

SpeedSpeed

Tra

ctiv

e F

orc

eT

ract

ive

Fo

rce

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3.2 Propulsion: comparison ET Vs DT3.2 Propulsion: comparison ET Vs DT

Higher acceleration rateHigher acceleration rate

Smoother acceleration & decelerationSmoother acceleration & deceleration

Low noise level, air pollution etcLow noise level, air pollution etc

More durable, reliable and cheaperMore durable, reliable and cheaper

High initial investment and implementation timeHigh initial investment and implementation time

Low flexibility in routes of operationLow flexibility in routes of operation

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3.3 Travel analysis-basic variable3.3 Travel analysis-basic variable

Distance Distance ss = = f(t)f(t)

Speed Speed vv = = ds/dtds/dt

Acceleration Acceleration aa = = dv/dtdv/dt = = dd22s/dts/dt

Jerk Jerk zz = = da/dtda/dt = = dd33s/dts/dt

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3.3 Travel analysis - regimes of motion3.3 Travel analysis - regimes of motion

TimeTime

AccelerationAcceleration Cont SpeedCont Speed CoastingCoasting BrakingBraking StandingStanding

Dis

tan

ce

Dis

tan

ce

Sp

ee

dS

pe

ed

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3.4 Energy consumption3.4 Energy consumption

Transit vehicles has low consumption in terms of Transit vehicles has low consumption in terms of

HP/kw per person km or vehicle kmHP/kw per person km or vehicle km

Transit vehicle still has high absolute consumptionTransit vehicle still has high absolute consumption

EC depend on: vehicle characteristic (technology, EC depend on: vehicle characteristic (technology,

design features, capacity,…), R/W and operational design features, capacity,…), R/W and operational

aspects (scheduling, operations regimes….)aspects (scheduling, operations regimes….)

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3.4 Energy consumption-operations regimes3.4 Energy consumption-operations regimes

TimeTime

AccelerationAcceleration Cont SpeedCont Speed CoastingCoasting BrakingBraking StandingStanding

En

erg

y c

on

su

mp

tio

nE

ner

gy

co

ns

um

pti

on

Dis

tan

ce

Dis

tan

ce

Sp

eed

Sp

eed

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4. Bus transit mode4. Bus transit mode

4.14.1 General characteristics General characteristics

4.2 4.2 Vehicle characteristicsVehicle characteristics

4.34.3 Bus types Bus types

4.44.4 Operation in mixed traffic Operation in mixed traffic

4.54.5 Preferential treatment Preferential treatment

4.64.6 Service quality Service quality

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4.1 General characteristics4.1 General characteristics

Flexibility: ability to operate on most streets in mixed Flexibility: ability to operate on most streets in mixed

modemode

Low investment cost: minimum infrastructure, quick Low investment cost: minimum infrastructure, quick

introduction, and easy changes/extensionintroduction, and easy changes/extension

Limited capacity: ideally suited for lightly to Limited capacity: ideally suited for lightly to

moderately travelled transit routesmoderately travelled transit routes

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4.2 Vehicle characteristics4.2 Vehicle characteristics

Operation cost: Operation cost: cost per capacity decrease as vehicle cost per capacity decrease as vehicle

size increasessize increases

Line capacity: Line capacity: increases with vehicle sizeincreases with vehicle size

Vehicle maneuverability: Vehicle maneuverability: decreases with vehicle sizedecreases with vehicle size

Riding comfort: Riding comfort: increases with vehicle size for std. busincreases with vehicle size for std. bus

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TypeType SizeSize SeatsSeats SpeedSpeed

MinibusMinibus 6.6 x 2.36.6 x 2.3 20 – 3020 – 30 40 – 7040 – 70

Standard busStandard bus 9.7 x 2.59.7 x 2.5 50 – 8050 – 80 40 – 7040 – 70

Articulated busArticulated bus 19 x 2.519 x 2.5 100 – 120 100 – 120 30 – 6030 – 60

Double Decker busDouble Decker bus 9.1 x 2.49.1 x 2.4 65 – 10065 – 100 15 – 5015 – 50

4.3 Bus Type4.3 Bus Type

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4.4 Operation in mixed traffic-a4.4 Operation in mixed traffic-a

Bus operation in urban street require least investmentBus operation in urban street require least investment

The average speed of buses are lower than othersThe average speed of buses are lower than others

Equal treatment of transit and other vehicle is illogical, Equal treatment of transit and other vehicle is illogical,

often result in high travel cost to alloften result in high travel cost to all

Purpose of transportation is to move people/goods Purpose of transportation is to move people/goods

and not vehiclesand not vehicles

This lead to preferential treatmentThis lead to preferential treatment

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Preferential treatment assume equal rights to persons Preferential treatment assume equal rights to persons

and not vehiclesand not vehicles

It increases travel speed, increased reliability and It increases travel speed, increased reliability and

better in age to busesbetter in age to buses

Bus preferential treatment is the basic prerequisite for Bus preferential treatment is the basic prerequisite for

improving bus competitivenessimproving bus competitiveness

But: popular ratio is that street space is under utilized But: popular ratio is that street space is under utilized

and difficulty in enforcementand difficulty in enforcement

4.4 Operation in mixed traffic-b4.4 Operation in mixed traffic-b

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4.5 Preferential treatment: on streets4.5 Preferential treatment: on streets

Reserved bus laneReserved bus lane

Exclusive bus laneExclusive bus lane

Contra flow bus laneContra flow bus lane

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4.5 Preferential treatment: at intersections4.5 Preferential treatment: at intersections

Signal design considerations person delay other Signal design considerations person delay other

than vehicular delaythan vehicular delay

Exclusive signal phase for busesExclusive signal phase for buses

Special/extended signal-automaticSpecial/extended signal-automatic

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4.5 Preferential treatment: on freeways4.5 Preferential treatment: on freeways

HOV lanesHOV lanes

Exclusive bus Exclusive bus

laneslanes

Preferential entry Preferential entry

to freewayto freeway

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Reliability in terms of high frequency Reliability in terms of high frequency

and adherence to the scheduleand adherence to the schedule

Riding comfortRiding comfort

SafetySafety

Area coverage(route-km/kmArea coverage(route-km/km22))

4.6 Service Quality4.6 Service Quality

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5. Rail transit modes5. Rail transit modes

5.15.1 Rail transit characteristics Rail transit characteristics

5.2 5.2 Rail mode types Rail mode types

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5.1 Rail transit characteristics5.1 Rail transit characteristics

External guidance: minimum R/W high riding quality, External guidance: minimum R/W high riding quality,

strong identity, high passenger attraction & impact strong identity, high passenger attraction & impact

on citieson cities

Rail technology: conical wheel and flange results in Rail technology: conical wheel and flange results in

simple, safe and fast, low rolling resistance , at-simple, safe and fast, low rolling resistance , at-

grade crossing, least affected by weathergrade crossing, least affected by weather

Electric propulsion: clean durable, smooth Electric propulsion: clean durable, smooth

navigation,…..navigation,…..

Exclusive right of way – cat . AExclusive right of way – cat . A

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5.2 Rail mode types5.2 Rail mode types

1.1. Street car (SCR)Street car (SCR)

2.2. Light rail transit (LRT) Light rail transit (LRT)

3.3. Rapid rail transit (RRT)Rapid rail transit (RRT)

4.4. Regional rail (RGR)Regional rail (RGR)

5.5. Mono railMono rail

6.6. Sky busSky bus

This classification based on R/W, no of cars, power pick This classification based on R/W, no of cars, power pick

up, vehicle control, max speed and technologyup, vehicle control, max speed and technology

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5.2 Rail mode types5.2 Rail mode types Street car (SCR)Street car (SCR)

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5.2 Rail mode types5.2 Rail mode types Light Rail Transit (LRT)Light Rail Transit (LRT)

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5.2 Rail mode types: 5.2 Rail mode types: Rapid Rail TransitRapid Rail Transit (RRT) (RRT)

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5.2 Rail mode types: 5.2 Rail mode types: Sky BusSky Bus

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5.2 Comparison of modes5.2 Comparison of modes

Productive capacity

Cost

per

lan

e

SCR

LRT

RRT

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5.2 Comparison of modes5.2 Comparison of modes

Line capacity

Opera

tin

g s

peed

SCR

LRT

RRT

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6.1 6.1 Quantitative performance attributesQuantitative performance attributes

6.2 6.2 Transit lane capacityTransit lane capacity

6.3 6.3 Way capacityWay capacity

6.4 6.4 Station capacityStation capacity

6.5 6.5 Conclusions Conclusions

6. Transit System Performance6. Transit System Performance

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Basic attributesBasic attributes: speed, density, frequency: speed, density, frequency

WorkWork: no. of. Objects transported x distance: no. of. Objects transported x distance

Productive capacityProductive capacity: product of its capacity and : product of its capacity and

operation speed (space-km/hoperation speed (space-km/h22))

Efficiency ratioEfficiency ratio = output produced/resource consumed = output produced/resource consumed

Consumption rateConsumption rate = resource needed/ output produced = resource needed/ output produced

6.1 Quantitative performance attributes6.1 Quantitative performance attributes

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6.2 Transit lane capacity6.2 Transit lane capacity

Frequency Frequency ff = = 3600/h3600/h, veh/hr, veh/hr

Max.freq Max.freq ffmaxmax = = 3600/max(3600/max(hhww,min,,min,hhss,min) veh/hr,min) veh/hr

Lane capacity Lane capacity CC = = ffmaxmaxnCnCvv pass/hr pass/hr

WhereWhere hw = hw = the way headway, the way headway,

hs = hs = station headway,station headway,

n = n = no of unitsno of units

cv = cv = vehicle capacityvehicle capacity

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6.2 Vehicle capacity6.2 Vehicle capacity

Total capacity Total capacity CCvv

Seating capacitySeating capacity

Factors affectingFactors affecting

Vehicle dimentionVehicle dimention

Usable areaUsable area

Comfort standardsComfort standards

Seat/Standee rationSeat/Standee ration

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6.3 Way capacity6.3 Way capacity

Way capacity Way capacity CCww = 3600 = 3600 n Cn Cvv / hw / hw,min,min

Factors affecting way capacityFactors affecting way capacity

Distance between vehicles (speed, brakers rate,…)Distance between vehicles (speed, brakers rate,…)

Vehicle control gate gives (manual, visual, positive Vehicle control gate gives (manual, visual, positive

control of spacing, automate)control of spacing, automate)

Operations safety regimes (normal braking, Operations safety regimes (normal braking,

emergency braking, instant) emergency braking, instant)

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6.4 Stations capacity6.4 Stations capacity

Station capacity Station capacity CCww = 3600 = 3600 n Cn Cvv / h / hss, min, min

Factors affecting:Factors affecting:

Stopping sight distance Stopping sight distance

Station spacingStation spacing

AccelerationAcceleration

Block lengthBlock length

Relation between consecutive vehicle in the Relation between consecutive vehicle in the stationstation

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6.5 Inferences6.5 Inferences

Capacity is not single, fixed numbers, but is closely related to the Capacity is not single, fixed numbers, but is closely related to the

system performance and level of servicesystem performance and level of service

Operational capacity stretches the system to its maximum and it is Operational capacity stretches the system to its maximum and it is

not desirablenot desirable

There is a significant difference between design capacity and the There is a significant difference between design capacity and the

no. of persons actually transportedno. of persons actually transported

Way capacity is different from station capacity and it is wrong to Way capacity is different from station capacity and it is wrong to

compare compare CwCw of one mode and of one mode and CsCs of other of other

Theoretical capacities are often different from practical capacitiesTheoretical capacities are often different from practical capacities

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7. Planning Issues7. Planning Issues

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RADIAL PATTERN

CBD

BUS ROUTE

Suitable for cities with strong central core around which the development has taken place. Population density reduces as we move from CBD to fringes.

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BUS ROUTE

RADIAL AND CIRCULAR

GROWTH CENTRE

Suitable for cities where the activity centres are developed along radial corridors.

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GRID PATTERN

BUS ROUTE GROWTH CENTRE

Suitable for cities having multiple activity centres spread uniformly through out.

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BUS ROUTE

GROWTH CENTRE

Suitable for cities that have evolved linearly along a major corridor and the activity centres are spread parallel to the corridor.

TRUNK AND FEEDER SYSTEM

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BUS ROUTE

CITY BOUNDARY

BRANCHES AND LOOPS

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Competition or Coordination ?Competition or Coordination ?

Is it desirable to have Is it desirable to have coordinationcoordination between between

various modes or,various modes or,

To permit inter modal To permit inter modal competitioncompetition among various among various

modes to yield competitive equilibrium ?modes to yield competitive equilibrium ?

ExperienceExperience of deregulation have shown that of deregulation have shown that

competitioncompetition between two bus operators with between two bus operators with

vehicles of vehicles of different sizesdifferent sizes and operating at and operating at

different frequenciesdifferent frequencies may both may both make moneymake money

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Competition or Coordination ?Competition or Coordination ?

In case of In case of bus and light railbus and light rail the likely imbalance the likely imbalance

in financial costs may well make profitable in financial costs may well make profitable

equilibrium equilibrium less likelyless likely

Competition between Competition between high and lowhigh and low quality quality

services in the same route may services in the same route may discouragediscourage any any

individual operator from offering high qualityindividual operator from offering high quality

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LessonsLessons

It appears that coordination of modes is It appears that coordination of modes is

necessarynecessary for the success of for the success of large-scale systemslarge-scale systems

Some street competition appears to be Some street competition appears to be desirabledesirable

for similarfor similar as well as small capacity systems as well as small capacity systems

In case of light rail it is recommended that there In case of light rail it is recommended that there

can be competition for the market in can be competition for the market in respect ofrespect of

vehicle sizevehicle size, service , service frequency etcfrequency etc

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Integrated SystemIntegrated System

The instruments of coordination includeThe instruments of coordination include

Route network Route network coordinationcoordination

Easy to use inter-modal Easy to use inter-modal transfer sitestransfer sites

The sale of through tickets and The sale of through tickets and inter-modal passesinter-modal passes (travel cards) (travel cards)

Use of one service Use of one service to feedto feed another service another service

Avoidance of Avoidance of duplicationduplication by parallel services by parallel services

Use of Use of advanced informationadvanced information and communication services to allow and communication services to allow

faster decisions in planning, tracking and auditing inter-modal faster decisions in planning, tracking and auditing inter-modal

movesmoves

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Route Network StrategiesRoute Network Strategies

Entire network can be planned to optimize various systems

Feeder TrunkLine concept

Feederexpress concept

Transfer

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Integration ConsiderationsIntegration Considerations

Fare structureFare structure

All modes and whole area collection All modes and whole area collection outsideoutside systemsystem

Information systemInformation system

Vehicle 2-wayVehicle 2-way communication communication

Automatic vehicle Automatic vehicle locationlocation

Real timeReal time information system information system

Proper information Proper information on systemon system

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IntegrationIntegration

TSM actionsTSM actions

Deliberately encourage the use of Deliberately encourage the use of combination of modescombination of modes

Para transit integrationPara transit integration

To be integrated at parkingTo be integrated at parking

Preferential treatment of HOVPreferential treatment of HOV

Bus lanesBus lanes

Signal preemptionSignal preemption

Separate streets for busesSeparate streets for buses

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ConclusionConclusion

Evolution of Public TransportationEvolution of Public Transportation

Different characteristics of PT Different characteristics of PT

Major modes: Bus and RailMajor modes: Bus and Rail

Preferential treatment for PTPreferential treatment for PT

Complementary modesComplementary modes

Integration of PT systemIntegration of PT system

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Transportation Systems EngineeringTransportation Systems EngineeringDepartment of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering

IIT BombayIIT Bombay

Thanking You Thanking You

1 / 77 mutp: mcgm traffic management unit training programme public transportation planning mva...

Documents

mass transportation

public coach service

planning issues overview

mixed slide

paratransit slide

mixed traffic rwb

legal access slide

modes definitions