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NEW TITLES

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702 BioScience • August 2005 / Vol. 55 No. 8

Books

Climate Change and Biodiversity.Thomas E. Lovejoy and Lee Hannah,eds. Yale University Press, New Haven,CT, 2005. 418 pp., illus. $65.00 (ISBN0300104251 cloth).

If in the mind’s eye one can envision allthe animals (including humans), all

the plants, and all the microbes in anyecosystem—managed and unmanaged,across any spatial or temporal scale, fromsoil pores to landscapes, from rural tourban, from the vast stretches of timebehind us to those that lie before us—then one has come to grips with the ex-traordinarily complex concept ofbiodiversity. It may be surprising that soungainly a concept has become a cor-nerstone of environmental ecology, butits success lies in its ability to accommo-date the complexity and scope of mod-ern environmental ecology.

Nowhere is its utility more evidentthan in the conceptual framework of theMillennium Ecosystem Assessment(2003), in which 1400 experts from 95countries conducted a five-year, multi-scale, multisectoral assessment of Earth’senvironment. The assessment’s frame-work explicitly links changes in biodi-versity to changes in ecosystem services,which in turn lead to changes in humanwell-being. In a nutshell, by under-standing biodiversity and the many dri-vers of its change, humans can betterunderstand, and perhaps better manage,our environmental fate. Climate Changeand Biodiversity, edited by Thomas E.Lovejoy and Lee Hannah, reviews onesuch driver—climate change.

Of all the well-known and dramaticdrivers of biodiversity change, includinghabitat change, exotic species invasions,overexploitation, and pollution, why, onemight ask, do we need a stand-alone vol-ume on climate change? The answer, atleast according to the preface of ClimateChange and Biodiversity, is simple. Cli-mate change is “threatening to acceleratethe loss of biodiversity already under waydue to other human stressors,” so muchso that “it is now clear that climate change

is the major new threat that will con-front biodiversity this century” (p. x).Biodiversity, already being driven to stag-geringly low levels by habitat change, in-vasions, overexploitation, and pollution,will be dealt its deathblow by climatechange.

Lovejoy and Hannah organize theirvolume into six parts: (1) an overview ofthe issue and general introduction to cli-mate change; (2) current, (3) past, and (4)future trends; and response options for(5) conservation biologists and (6) pol-icymakers. I was immediately struck bya lack of coverage of biodiversity itself,and I also wondered why current trendsin biodiversity responses to climatechange are discussed before past trends.These oddities aside, the book’s impres-sive lineup of 66 contributors representsa full spectrum of environmental ecolo-gists (e.g., from academic institutions,agencies, and NGOs), a balance seldomachieved by such volumes. Not surpris-ingly, given the extreme heterogeneity ofits authorship, the volume’s 24 chaptersand its sprinkling of case studies vary inquality, but collectively they provide ex-cellent coverage of a complex topic. Moresurprising was the fair number of poor-quality figures (with excessive contrast,low resolution, or eclectic font usage, forexample). No doubt some readers will becheered by the now obligatory inclusionof several color plates of tiny Mercatorprojections of computer-generated vi-sions of Earth.

While there is much to recommendthis volume, there is cause for quibbling,which is a good sign, indicating that thebook will serve well as material for livelygraduate seminars. There are, however,two shortcomings worth mentioning.First, in spite of declarations through-out, the case for the primacy of climatechange is never solidly developed. Forexample, chapters 3 through 6 reviewthe brilliant work of Camille Parmesan,Terry L. Root, Lesley Hughes, Chris D.Thomas, and their many colleagues whohave provided, in my opinion, unequiv-ocal proof that the ranges, phenologies,

and population genetic structures ofmany species of plants and animals haveresponded to climate change. Thesechanges, however, are subtle in compar-ison with the horrific impacts other dri-vers are having on biodiversity. Parmesanacknowledges, for example, that “thesetrends may appear small compared tomassive changes in species distributionscaused by habitat loss and land use mod-ification,”but nevertheless concludes thatsuch changes could “alter species inter-actions, destabilize communities, anddrive major biome shifts” (chap. 4, p.53). Similarly, Thomas reviews convinc-ing evidence that some species alreadyshow evolutionary responses to climatechange, but concludes from only a smallnumber of examples that, “directly orindirectly, climate change is likely to dom-inate the evolutionary process over thenext century and more” (chap. 6, p. 83).It’s not so much that I find these claimsimplausible, just that a biotic “signature”of climate change does not make it theprimary driver of biodiversity loss.

The idea of climate change as a majordriver of biodiversity change hardly needsselling. Sala and colleagues’article “GlobalBiodiversity Scenarios for the Year 2100”(2000) and the Millennium EcosystemAssessment’s Biodiversity Synthesis Re-port (2005), two independently authored(with the exception of the omnipresentHal Mooney) expert opinion assessments,ranked climate change as second andthird, respectively, among the top fiveanthropogenic drivers of biodiversitychange. And the case for effective policyto mitigate the harmful effects of climatechange on biodiversity has already beenmade in the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change’s technical report of thesame title as this volume (Gitay et al.2002). What is needed now is to go beyond expert opinion and freehandedextrapolation.

The key to cinching climate change asthe mother of all drivers, or, more aptly,the driver of drivers, is the enormousnumber of synergies between climatechange and other drivers—the modus

Biodiversity and the Climate Change Coup de Grâce


August 2005 / Vol. 55 No. 8 • BioScience 703

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operandi of climate change as coup degrâce. This brings me to the book’s sec-ond shortcoming. Synergies and feed-backs are both key components of theimpacts resulting from climate change,and though they are alluded to in severalplaces, the discussion of their role is neverfully developed. I would have thoughtthe dominant portion of such a volumewould be devoted to these issues. Thechapter by Drake and colleagues (chap.18), however, is the only chapter devotedto synergistic effects. Although limitedin depth and scope, no doubt for rea-sons of space, its review of many exam-ples of synergistic effects, such as theimpacts of climate change on burning,plant community composition, plant–microbe interactions, and vectorbornediseases (with a case study by LaPointeand colleagues on avian malaria inHawaiian birds), goes a long way towardexplaining why climate change is rankedso highly by independent expert assess-ment as a driver of changes in biodiver-sity. Allan, Palmer, and Poff ’s examplesof complex feedbacks in freshwater sys-

tems (chap. 17) also provide good ex-amples of synergies and feedbacks. Theseare what make climate change a realworry and a challenge for developing ef-fective conservation strategies.

Quibbles aside, this volume, like itspredecessor, Global Warming and Bio-logical Diversity (Peters et al. 1992), willbecome the standard text on climatechange as a driver of biodiversity change.The last chapters (pts. V and VI) make astrong case for two courses of action:bringing climate change more stronglyinto conservation planning (with somepowerful examples using computation-ally intensive methods presented in chaps.14 and 15) and getting on board withclimate change mitigation. Though onemight argue (and certainly I would)about the alleged primacy of climatechange among the woes biodiversity faces,the fact remains that climate change isreal, it’s happening now, it needs to bedealt with, and this volume shows theway. In the penultimate chapter, BobWatson states the challenge nicely: “Un-less we act now to limit human-induced

climate change, history will judge us ashaving been complacent in the face ofcompelling scientific evidence.... Lead-ers from government and industry muststand shoulder to shoulder to ensure thatthe future of the Earth is not needlesslysacrificed” (chap. 23, p. 385).

SHAHID NAEEMProfessor of Ecology

Department of Ecology, Evolutionand Environmental Biology

Columbia UniversityNew York, NY 10027

References citedGitay H, Suàrez A, Watson RT, Dokken DJ, eds.

2002. Climate Change and Biodiversity: IPCC

Technical Paper V. Geneva: Intergovernmental

Panel on Climate Change.

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2003. Eco-

systems and Human Well-being: A Framework

for Assessment.Washington (DC): Island Press.

———. 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being:

Biodiversity Synthesis Report. Washington

(DC): Island Press.



Books

Peters RL, Lovejoy TE, Soulé ME, eds. 1992. Global

Warming and Biological Diversity. New Haven

(CT): Yale University Press.

Sala OE, et al. 2000. Biodiversity: Global biodiver-

sity scenarios for the year 2100. Science 287:

1770–1774.

THE GENESIS AND MAINTENANCEOF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY

Phenotypic Plasticity: Functional andConceptual Approaches. Thomas J.DeWitt and Samuel M. Scheiner, eds.Oxford University Press, New York,2004. 247 pp., illus. $59.95 (ISBN0195138961 cloth).

Understanding the evolution of phe-notypic plasticity—the environ-

mental induction of phenotypic changeowing to altered gene expression—willconceptually unify development, physi-ology, immunology, and endocrinology.Each of these disciplines uses different ter-minology to describe phenomena relatedto plasticity. The editors of PhenotypicPlasticity: Functional and Conceptual Approaches—Thomas J. DeWitt, of TexasA&M University, and Samuel M.Scheiner, who works for the NationalScience Foundation—have brought to-gether a diverse set of approaches to up-date the state of plasticity research.

The historical chapter by Sarkar (chap.2) provides a lucid description of keyhistorical issues framing current scientificdebates. In particular, debates on plasticityin the 1990s sharpened semantic defin-itions, allowing a conceptual consensus toemerge. The chapter brings any reader upto speed on key theoretical issues, par-ticularly when followed by the chapterson theory (chap. 6, by Berrigan andScheiner; chap. 7, by Dewitt and Langer-hans; chap. 11, by Wolf and colleagues).Are there “genes for plasticity,” a viewchampioned by Scheiner and colleagues,or does selection arise from a “by-product of selection on trait means,” aview championed by Via? A key issue toemerge from this dialectic is the role ofepistatic effects. As noted in the chap-ters that review theory (chaps. 2, 6, 7,

and 11), models rarely include epistaticinteractions, although there are somenotable exceptions.

What are the true genetic underpin-nings of plasticity? A hierarchical de-scription of genetic effects includes allelicsensitivity, dominance sensitivity, andepistatic sensitivity to the environment.Allelic and dominance sensitivity are easyto visualize, and several of the theoreti-cal chapters provide models incorporat-ing such genetic variation. Epistaticsensitivity is more difficult to grasp. Thesimplest way, and that adopted in muchof the current theory, is to visualize epis-tasis arising from “regulatory loci thatexert environmentally dependent con-trol over structural gene expression”(Schlichting and Pigliucci [1993], cited inchap. 2). A more general perspective isthat afforded by the theory of indirect ge-netic effects (chap. 11), which allows forgene interactions arising both within andbetween genomes.At a mechanistic level,however, there exists a myriad of inter-actions among structural, physiological,hormonal, or developmental genes, aswell as immunological gene complexes(both within and between individuals),not just interactions from regulatory loci. Whether a simplified approach toregulatory-locus epistasis is justified remains an open question to be resolvedby empirical approaches.

Despite the simplifications in the the-ory regarding epistasis, identifying linksto regulatory loci is an important firststep in empirical analysis, because it isamenable to the “candidate-gene ap-proach”(chap. 5, by Frankino and Raff).The candidate-gene approach is epito-mized by work on plant elongation owing to phytochromes. Plants elongatetheir stems in response to the red-to-far-red (RFR) ratio of light (cited in chap. 10,by Dudley), and RFR can be manipu-lated in many environmental treatments.Shading due to plant density causes ashift in RFR ratios and thereby inducesthe adaptive response of stem elonga-tion. In animals, a similar candidate geneinvolves regulatory genes of stress, suchas corticotropin-releasing hormone,which triggers the release of glucocorti-coid steroid hormones (chap. 5). This in

turn induces a variety of plastic responsesin vertebrates.

However, as noted above, epistasiscould arise from any kind of gene inter-action, not just from regulatory loci. Tomove beyond the candidate gene, plas-ticity research must adopt genomic ap-proaches, as advocated in two chapters(chap. 5, by Frankino and Raff, and chap.13, by Scheiner and DeWitt). Genomics,which currently involves linkage map-ping or screening with gene chips, re-mains a daunting task, given that geneinteractions must be screened in a vari-ety of biotic and abiotic environments.Perhaps model systems such asDrosophila (discussed in chap. 4, by Davidand colleagues) may be useful in imple-menting genomic approaches, given theextraordinary detail afforded by currentgenetic maps and gene sequences. How-ever, many issues involving the adaptivecosts of plasticity and natural selection onplastic responses can be resolved only inthe wild. Thus, genomic approaches willultimately need to be implemented innatural systems to fully understand thegenomic architecture of plasticity.

In addition to proximate issues, con-tributors to the volume do discuss adap-tive issues, such as costs of plasticity,tradeoffs, and adaptive value (chap. 9,by Doughty and Reznick). To date, nostudy has measured the fitness con-sequences of plasticity in nature (i.e., theeffects of induced plasticity on the pro-duction and survival of offspring); onlyproxies for lifetime reproductive successhave been assessed. Information on actualfitness consequences is essential to com-prehensively assess costs and tradeoffs.Other theoretical chapters (chaps. 6 and7) highlight neglected areas of empiricalresearch, such as the temporal or spatialprevalence of inducing cues. Further-more, as Sih points out in chapter 8, the social induction of plasticity is rarelytreated in a frequency-dependent context.Behavioral ecology and game theory explicitly treat frequency dependenceand the cues for inducing adaptive plas-ticity. Incorporating such frequency de-pendence will advance the study ofplasticity in social systems. The plasticityof mating systems is often linked to traitswith direct fitness effects.


Furthermore, game theory provides anumber of examples of cyclical dynam-ics that involve recurring environments.Plasticity should be strongly favored in such varying or cyclical social con-texts. Chapter 11 treats the theory ofsocial contexts, but completely ignores frequency-dependent effects. Instead, aquantitative genetic analysis is used to focus, gene by gene, on the importantconsequences of gene–environment in-teractions for linkage disequilibrium,pleiotropy, and the formation of geneticcorrelations. However, frequency de-pendence and the spatial scale of nearest-neighbor interactions will oftenstrengthen the formation of genetic correlations arising from linkage dis-equilibrium. Thus, a comprehensivetreatment of the evolution of plasticityinvolving biotic interactions will requirean explicit analysis of frequency de-pendence in conspecifics’ interactionsand in plant–herbivore, predator–prey,and host–parasite coevolutionary rela-tionships.

There are other neglected adaptive issues. The role of settlement behavior asa correlating force between genes, envi-ronment, adaptive response, and ensuingassortative mating is impossible to test inmost laboratory settings. An analogousforce in plants would be plant-mediateddispersal of seeds by animals or extremelystrong microhabitat-dependent selec-tion, which might also strengthen ge-netic correlations. These forces might becrucial in future models of speciationdriven by the evolution of plasticity.

The volume does include a chapter,by Schlichting (chap. 12), on the role ofplasticity in diversification and specia-tion. Ultimately, a theory about this rolewill require the rigor found in current genetic models of speciation, and thishas not yet been achieved. But this chap-ter does provide a number of potentialgenetic mechanisms, such as genetic assimilation, that could be modeled in the future. While the chapter is far tooshort to sketch out the full problem ofphenotypic plasticity, it does serve as auseful abstract of ideas on the subject.These ideas are more fully developed inMary Jane West-Eberhard’s (2003) re-


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cent tome, which treats speciation drivenby plasticity.

In summary, DeWitt and Scheiner’svolume provides a useful summary ofcurrent work and future directions for the field. As such, it should be on theshelf of evolutionary ecologists, what-ever their specialty (genetics, physiology,endocrinology, or behavior). The editorsadmit that the field is in a phase of log-arithmic increase (chap. 13), with muchwork yet to be done. I am sure the bookwill recruit more researchers to plasticityresearch. Many chapters in the volume areexcellent, and must-read material forboth established scientists and new students of plasticity.

BARRY SINERVODepartment of Ecology and

Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Cruz, CA 95064

References citedSchlichting CD, Pigliucci M. 1993. Control of

phenotypic plasticity via regulatory genes.

American Naturalist 142: 366–370.

West-Eberhard MJ. 2003. Developmental Plasticity

and Evolution. New York: Oxford University

Press.

UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES

Fishes and Forestry: WorldwideWatershed Interactions and Manage-ment. T G. Northcote and G. F. Hart-man, eds. Blackwell, Ames, IA, 2004.789 pp., illus. $249.99 (ISBN0632058099 cloth).

Fishes and Forestry: Worldwide Water-shed Interactions and Management is

an ambitious integration of fish ecology,stream ecology, forest practices and theireffects, global understanding of fish–forestry interactions, and future direc-tions in management and education.Thomas Northcote and Gordon Hart-man, the editors, are pioneers in the studyof fish–forestry relationships in NorthAmerica, and they have assembled 34

chapters by 55 authors from around theworld. This book is the first to present aglobal perspective on the science andmanagement of fish communities andforest management practices. Fish com-munities face major threats everywhere—habitat alteration, fish harvest, dams,hatcheries, water pollution, and climatechange being prominent examples. Fishesand Forestry avoids the regional myopiathat commonly limits innovations inmanagement of fishes and forests, and ex-pands the reader’s vision of future di-rections in research and management onthe basis of fundamental relationshipsthat occur throughout the world.

The introductory chapter by North-cote and Hartman is an interestingoverview of the extent of world forestsand the richness of fish assemblages indifferent regions. The authors make itclear that forestry potentially affects theabundance and distribution of a largeportion of the 34 orders and more than10,000 species of fish found in streams,rivers, lakes, and estuaries around theglobe. They explain the extensive overlapin global patterns of precipitation, forestcover, and fish species distributions. Thechapter also provides a historical con-text for fish–forestry interactions by sum-marizing changes in forest cover over thelast millennium and the consequencesfor fish assemblages.

The second portion of the book pro-vides an ecological overview of forest,stream, lake, and estuarine ecosystems.Scientists trained in ecosystem sciencewill find these four chapters extremelybrief and simplified. This approach maybe suitable for the book’s internationalaudience, however, whose disciplines andapplications vary greatly. These chaptersbriefly summarize major concepts in theecology of these different ecosystems andprovide numerous citations to direct thereader to the major articles in the scien-tific literature. Though it would havebenefited from a chapter on geomor-phology and hydrology, this 100-pagesection of the book is a useful foundationfor a broad audience.

The next section includes chapters onthe life history and diversity, migrationand passage, reproduction, and foragingecology of fishes. These chapters clearly

are intended to inform the reader aboutthe biological and environmental re-quirements of different fish species beforeaddressing the consequences of forestpractices on fish. The chapter on fish mi-gration and passage is a concise intro-duction to the subject, and numerouscitations are provided to guide the readerwho is interested in exploring further.The chapter on reproduction providesdata on the major orders of freshwaterfish and includes several informativesummary figures and tables. The subjectof foraging ecology describes fish feedingin temperate and tropical systems, butseveral topics (such as energy subsidy,or the exchange of energy between adja-cent ecosystems) are treated exceedinglybriefly, and several major concepts inforaging ecology are completely omit-ted (for example, trophic cascading, com-petition, and environmental influences onbioenergetics).

The fourth section describes forestharvest and transportation, silviculture,and manufacturing and effluent dis-charges. These chapters describe generalforest practices, with an emphasis on up-slope forestry. Clearly, forest practicesacross the landscape shape the interac-tions between fish and forestry, but thelack of attention to the terrestrial–aquaticinterface in this work is surprising. Thereis no discussion of riparian reserves,streamside buffers, or riparian manage-ment zones. Even more important, thereis no discussion of the effectiveness ofthese approaches for fish and aquaticsystems. Readers can glean informationon the effects of riparian buffers fromthe four chapters on forestry effects, butthe book does not provide an overallsynthesis of the approaches and their effectiveness. Silvicultural practices tomaintain or restore riparian functionsare not addressed in any chapter. Ripar-ian management systems are discussedonly in one of the final chapters on guide-lines, codes, and legislation. This is unfortunate, because it encourages man-agers to view riparian practices as a legalrequirement rather than a fundamentalpart of forest management.

The book goes on to review the effectsof forestry on basin processes, lakes, es-tuaries, and water quality. These chap-



ters at first seem exceedingly brief, butmuch of the literature on forestry ef-fects is included in subsequent chapterson specific regions. Rather than beingrepetitive, the editors developed chaptersthat create a framework for under-standing the physical, chemical, and bio-logical effects of forestry on aquaticecosystems and fish communities. Read-ers should be aware that greater detailfollows in the regional reviews of fish–forestry interactions.

Two subsequent sections are devotedto fish–forestry interactions in NorthAmerica and in non–North Americancountries. The section on North Amer-ica includes the Pacific Northwest, borealportions of Canada, Atlantic Canada, theRocky Mountains, and Mexico. Thesechapters, by authorities from those re-gions, are informative and well written.Unfortunately, the editors were unable toobtain chapters on the northeastern,southeastern, and southwestern regionsof the United States (though forests ofArizona and New Mexico are discussed inthe chapter on the Rocky Mountains).The chapter on fish–forestry interactionsin Mexico, by Sánchez-Vélez and García-Núñez, is a valuable contribution thatoutlines the geography of Mexican forestsand aquatic systems. Although few stud-ies of the effects of forestry on fishes areavailable for Mexico and Central Amer-ica, the chapter clearly describes the re-sources, population pressures, history ofland uses, and emerging issues related toaquaculture.

The section on non–North Americancountries is particularly informative, es-pecially for North American readers.Chapters by international authors dis-cuss fish–forestry interactions in tropicalSouth America, western Europe, Japan,Southeast Asia, Borneo, Cambodia, In-donesia, New Zealand, and Australia.Again, the editors unfortunately wereunable to obtain chapters on some re-gions, in particular Russia, China, andAfrica. The logging and transportationsystems used in many of these regions dif-fer markedly from those of North Amer-ica and western Europe, and subsistenceharvest and deforestation have profoundimpacts on forests in several major re-gions. This section provides an interest-

ing description of regulatory systems inworld forestry and reveals that illegal orunregulated harvest represents the ma-jority of harvest in regions such as theBrazilian Amazon.

The final section of the book addresses different approaches to im-proving understanding and manage-ment of fish–forestry interactions:guidelines, codes, and legislation; restor-ation practices; education; and a new vision for fish–forestry interactions.The chapter on guidelines, codes, andlegislation summarizes and comparescurrent approaches for forest manage-ment and riparian regulation. As a vision of the future of fish–forestry in-teraction, the chapter on restorationbriefly describes outcomes of pastrestoration efforts and lays out a frame-work for integration of watershedrestoration in forest management.

One of the most important contribu-tions of the book is the chapter on bet-ter and broader education. The authorsuse a Food and Agriculture Organiza-tion survey to examine the training of re-source professionals around the world.Outside of North America, most foresteducational centers provide only basictraining in fish ecology and aquatic ecol-ogy. The chapter notes the dichotomybetween training in utilitarian forestmanagement and the broader naturalresource management that has emergedin recent decades, and clearly demon-strates the need for improved educationfor professionals and the public.

The final chapter is the editors’ callfor a global perspective on fish–forestryinteractions. Northcote and Hartmanaddress gaps in their coverage and pro-vide brief overviews of critical regionsthat were not covered in the book. Theyidentify unique characteristics of majorregions of the world and indicate thatscientists and resource managers needto carefully apply information onfish–forestry interactions in different bi-omes and cultures. Their final thoughtson the uncertainties of future change inlandscapes and human populations arean eloquent and compelling plea formore deliberate and coordinated actionsto conserve and restore the world’s forestsand aquatic systems.

The editors and authors of Fishes andForestry have provided the first globalperspective on fish–forestry interactions.This book is essential reading for any sci-entist, resource manager, or member ofthe public interested in forested land-scapes. Every university and resourcetraining center should have copies avail-able for the scientists and resource man-agers of the future.

STANLEY V. GREGORYDepartment of Fisheries and Wildlife

Oregon State UniversityCorvallis, OR 97331

NEW TITLES

Carpenter Ants of the United States andCanada. Laurel D. Hansen and JohnH. Klotz. Cornell University Press,Ithaca, NY, 2005. 224 pp., illus. $35.00(ISBN 0801442621 cloth).

Designs on Nature: Science and Democ-racy in Europe and the United States.Sheila Jasanoff. Princeton UniversityPress, Princeton, NJ, 2005. 363 pp.,illus. $35.00 (ISBN 0691118116 cloth).

Ecology and Evolution in the Tropics: AHerpetological Perspective. MaureenA. Donnelly, Brian I. Crother, CraigGuyer, Marvalee H. Wake, and MaryE. White, eds. University of ChicagoPress, Chicago, 2005. 584 pp., illus.$45.00 (ISBN 0226156583 paper).

Environmental Science: A Self-Teach-ing Guide. Barbara W. Murck. Wiley,Hoboken, NY, 2005. 360 pp., illus.$19.95 (ISBN 0471269883 paper).

Evolution of the Insects. David Grimaldiand Michael S. Engel. Cambridge Uni-versity Press, New York, 2005. 768 pp.,illus. $75.00 (ISBN 0521821495 cloth).

The Evolutionary Biology of Flies. DavidK. Yeates and Brian M. Wiegmann,eds. Columbia University Press, New

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Books

York, 2005. 440 pp., illus. $89.50 (ISBN0231127006 cloth).

Exploring Animal Behavior: Readingsfrom American Scientist. 4th ed. PaulW. Sherman and John Alcock, eds.Sinauer, Sunderland, MA, 2005. 321pp., illus. $24.95 (ISBN 0878938168paper).

The Geographic Mosaic of Coevolu-tion. John N. Thompson. Universityof Chicago Press, Chicago, 2005. 400pp., illus. $28.00 (ISBN 0226797627 paper).

The Global Genome: Biotechnology,Politics, and Culture. EugeneThacker. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA,2005. 416 pp., illus. $35.00 (ISBN0262201550 cloth).

In the Beginning Was the Worm: Find-ing the Secrets of Life in a Tiny Hermaphrodite. Andrew Brown.Columbia University Press, New York, 2005. 244 pp. $19.95 (ISBN023113147X paper).

Microbial Forensics. Roger G. Breeze,Bruce Budowle, and Steven E.Schutzer, eds. Elsevier, Burlington,MA, 2005. 456 pp., illus. $129.95(ISBN 0120884836 cloth).

Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of NorthAmerican Birds. 2nd ed. Paul J.Baicich and Colin J. O. Harrison.

Princeton University Press, Prince-ton, NJ, 2005. 416 pp., illus. $29.95(ISBN 0691122954 paper).

Petroleum Microbiology. Bernard Ol-livier and Michel Magot, eds. ASMPress, Washington, DC, 2005. 378 pp.,illus. $119.95 (ISBN 1555813275cloth).

Phylogeny and Evolution of Angio-sperms. Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S.Soltis, Peter K. Endress, and Mark W.Chase. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA,2005. 370 pp., illus. $59.95 (ISBN0878938176 paper).

Present at the Flood: How StructuralMolecular Biology Came About.Richard E. Dickerson. Sinauer, Sun-derland MA, 2005. 300 pp., illus.$34.95 (ISBN 0878931686 paper).

The Republican War on Science. ChrisMooney. Basic Books, New York, 2005.340 pp. $24.95 (ISBN 0465046754 paper).

Riparia: Ecology, Conservation, andManagement of Streamside Com-munities. Robert J. Naiman, HenriDécamps, and Michael E. McClain.Elsevier, Burlington, MA, 2005. 448pp., illus. $79.95 (ISBN 0126633150cloth).

Simulating Human Origins and Evo-lution. Ken Wessen. Cambridge

University Press, New York, 2005. 264pp., illus. $120.00 (ISBN 0521843995cloth).

Spatial Analysis: A Guide for Ecologists.Marie-Josée Fortin and Mark Dale.Cambridge University Press, NewYork, 2005. 380 pp., illus. $55.00 (ISBN0521009731 paper).

Species Invasions: Insights into Ecol-ogy, Evolution, and Biogeography.Dov F. Sax, John J. Stachowicz, andSteven D. Gaines, eds. Sinauer, Sun-derland, MA, 2005. 480 pp., illus.$49.95 (ISBN 0878938117 paper).

Structural Biology of Bacterial Patho-genesis. Gabriel Waksman, MichaelCaparon, and Scott Hultgren, eds.ASM Press, Washington, DC, 2005.326 pp., illus. $115.95 (ISBN1555813011 cloth).

Tick-borne Diseases of Humans. Jesse L.Goodman, David T. Dennis, andDaniel E. Sonenshine, eds.ASM Press,Washington, DC, 2005. 418 pp., illus.$119.95 (ISBN 1555812384 cloth).

Virtual Reconstruction: A Primer inComputer-assisted Paleontology andBiomedicine. Christoph P. E. Zol-likofer and Marcia S. Ponce de León.Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, 2005. 352 pp.,illus. $89.95 (ISBN 0471205079 cloth).


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