1 4. content organization in this chapter you will learn about: organizational schemes:...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
4. Content Organization
In this chapter you will learn about:Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groupsOrganizational structures: defining the relationships among the groupsResearch and interview techniques: How to discover a way to organize things so people can find what they wantControlled vocabularies and thesauri
![Page 2: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
You have a mass of content that you want your users to be able to find
Graphic overview: scheme and structure
Fact 1
Fact 13
Fact 12
Fact 11
Fact 10
Fact 9
Fact 8
Fact 5Fact 7
Fact 6
Fact 3
Fact 4
Fact 2
Fact 14
Fact 15
Fact 16
Fact 17
Fact 18
Fact 19
Fact 20
![Page 3: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
How to Organize so Users Can Find Things?
First, group related things, forming the groups in terms of the way users think. (How? Keep reading.)
Fact 13Fact 8Fact 14
Fact 15
Fact 19
Fact 10Fact 2
Fact 17
Fact 12
Fact 5
Fact 3
Fact 4
Fact 1
Fact 11
Fact 9
Fact 7
Fact 6
Fact 16
Fact 18
Fact 20
![Page 4: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
This is an organizational scheme
Now give names to the groups, or have the users do that
Fact 13Fact 8Fact 14
Fact 15
Fact 19
Fact 10Fact 2
Fact 17
Fact 12
Fact 5
Fact 3
Fact 4
Fact 1
Fact 11
Fact 9
Fact 7
Fact 6
Fact 16
Fact 18
Fact 20
Group D
Group C
Group A
Group B
Group E
![Page 5: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Next: how do the groups relate to each other?
Perhaps in a hierarchy:
![Page 6: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
How do the groups relate to each other, continued
Perhaps with hyperlinks:
![Page 7: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Those are two organizational structures
Remember:A scheme groups similar things togetherA structure shows how those groups are related
End of introductory overview; now let’s get back to the details of organizational schemes and organizational structuresAnd how we discover how users think: how they see the groupings
![Page 8: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
4.2 Organizational Schemes
Familiar in everyday life:Phone bookAppointment bookShopping mall diagram with store locations
![Page 9: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
These are exact organizational schemes
Alphabetical: phone book, for exampleChronological: appointment book, for exampleGeographical: shopping mall diagram, for example
![Page 10: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Not always possible
Where can I find sardines packed in water, with no salt added?
In the canned fish section?In the dietetic foods section?
![Page 11: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Supermarket is an example of an ambiguous organizational scheme
“Ambiguous” often has a negative connotation, which is not intended here. We use it to describe organizational situations where there is more than one reasonable way to group things, as with the low-sodium tomato soup.We identify four types of ambiguous organizational schemes:
Topical Task-orientedAudience-specificMetaphor-driven
![Page 12: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Topical organizational scheme
Organizes content by subjectExamples:
Library subject indexEncyclopediaChapter titles in textbooksWebsite home pages (usually combined with other schemes as well)
![Page 13: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Task-Oriented Organizational Scheme
Organizes content by what user wants to do.
![Page 14: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Task-oriented organizational scheme
Example: Autobytel.com
![Page 15: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Audience-specific organizational scheme
Useful when there are two or more distinct user groupsUser may navigate to appropriate page and bookmark it
![Page 16: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
Audience-specific organizational scheme
Example: Bank of Montreal
Specific audience
s
![Page 17: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Metaphor-driven organizational scheme
Shows group by a visual metaphor.Not many examples, because it is difficult to find metaphors that will work with all users.Possible example: pet supply store:
![Page 18: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
See the problem?
This is a hamster, but what if your user thinks it’s a rat, and hates rats?
![Page 19: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Hybrid organizational scheme
Combines multiple organizational schemesQuite common, but must be done with care to avoid confusionExample: Nordstrom
![Page 20: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
Hybrid organizational scheme example
![Page 21: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
4.3 Organizational Structures
Review:Organizational schemes create groupsOrganizational structures define the relations between groups
![Page 22: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Types of organizational structures
HierarchyHypertextDatabase
![Page 23: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
Hierarchical organizational structure
Structuring by rank or levelA tree, in computer science terms
![Page 24: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
An organization chart is a hierarchy
Manufacturing
Marketing DistributionResearch
President
EA B C D Etc.
![Page 25: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Definitions
Breadth of a hierarchy: the number of links available at each levelDepth of a hierarchy: the number of levelsBroad shallow hierarchies offer many choices at each levelNarrow deep hierarchies require many clicks to get to the bottom levelUsers prefer broad shallow hierarchies
![Page 26: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
Hypertext organizational structures
Almost always combined with other structuresConsists of adding links to a pageHard to find a commercial website that does not use hypertext
![Page 27: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Database organizational structures
Database organizational structure provides a bottom-up view, whereas a hierarchy provides a top-downBoth have their placeIn a database structure the user fills in data, and is then taken directly to the right page. One click, when it works ideally.
![Page 28: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Database example: selecting a car model
![Page 29: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Controlled vocabulary
Predetermined set of terms that describe a specific domainThere are no synonymsOnly one term describes a conceptCan help combat the ambiguity of English
![Page 30: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Thesaurus
Contains Synonyms Broader terms Narrower terms Variants
Used in conjunction with a controlled vocabulary, makes searching more effective
![Page 31: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
4.5 Research and Interview Techniques
Problem: how do you know what your users’ categories are?
Will they look for a sweater under Winter Wear or under Men’s Clothing?What do they expect to find under “About Us”?What can you put on the home page for a college that will lead most directly to the tuition?
You don’t know!Not until you ask your users . . .. . . who, of course, have no idea what you mean by “What are your categories?”
![Page 32: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
Card sorting provides an answer
Devise a list of about 40 questions that a user might haveWrite each question on a card; number cards on backAsk each user to sort the cards into piles, where the cards in each pile seem related to each otherAsk the user to give a name to each pileDo this with ten or more usersDo statistical analysis of the clustering in the groups
![Page 33: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Cluster analysis
Can be done “be eyeball,” just looking at the piles for patternsMuch better: use cluster analysis softwareSee the text’s companion website to download CardZort, by Jorge Toro of DePaul University
![Page 34: 1 4. Content Organization In this chapter you will learn about: Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups Organizational](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e665503460f94b615f8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Summary
In this chapter you learned about:Organizational schemes: classification systems for organizing content into groups:
Exact: Alphabetical, Chronological, GeographicalAmbiguous: Topical, Task-oriented, Audience-specific, metaphor-driven
Organizational structures: defining the relationships among the groups:
Hierarchy, Hypertext, Database
Controlled vocabularies and thesauriCard sorting