1. alliterationrepetition of the same initial consonant sound

Example of alliteration

A feir feld full of folk || fond I þer bitwene,Of alle maner of men, || þe mene and þe riche,Worchinge and wandringe || as þe world askeþ.

In modern spelling:

A fair field full of folk || found I there between,Of all manner of men || the mean and the rich,Working and wandering || as the world asketh.

2. antistrophe- repetition of the same word or

phrase at the end of successive clauses

In a desert land he found him, in a barren and howling waste. He shielded him and cared for him; he guarded him as the apple of his eye.

3. litotes- understatement

4. chiasmus- two corresponding pairs arranged in

inverted order

the repetition of conjunctions in a series of coordinate words, phrases, or clauses

5. polysyndeton

Polysyndeton in the writing of John Steinbeck

The people came out of their houses and smelled the hot stinging air and covered their noses from it. Andthe children came out of the houses, but they did not run or shout as they would have done after a rain. Men stood by their fences and looked at the ruined corn, dying fast now, only a little green showing through the film of dust. The men were silent and they did not move often.

a lack of conjunctions between coordinate words, phrases, or clauses

6. asyndeton

asyndeton

“Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils, Shrunk to this little measure?”(Julius Caesar, Act 3, Scene 1 by William Shakespeare)

7. synecdoche- part for the whole

Listen here, Mouth, I don’t want to hear from you anymore

today.

The deck hands were very efficient at gaffing and landing and bagging our fish.

8. apostrophe- a turn from the general audience to address a person or personified abstraction not present

JULIET: Yea, noise? Then I’ll be brief. O happy dagger! This is thy sheath; there rust, and let me die.

9. metonymy-substitution of one word for another associated with it

the Crown for Queen Elizabeth

10. hyperbole- exaggeration

11. irony- the expression of something which is

contrary to the intended meaning; multiple levels of meaning

Fortunato ends up buried behind a wall in a crypt in Poe’s “The Cask of Amontillado.”

12. oxymoron- paradox achieved by the

juxtaposition of words which seem to contradict one another

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oj1KcN9RIEk

13. Zeugma- two different words linked to a verb that

applies to each in a different sense

"...a house they call the rising sun, where love and money are made." (Dolly Parton's rendition of "The House of the Rising Sun")

14. anaphora- the repetition of words or phrase at

the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dsj50UhaP60

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMezcWFW8ss

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x-P2fILsLH8 Howl by Allen Ginsberg

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-poets/poems/detail/49303

Text of Howl

15. Epistrophe is also known as:

Antistrophe