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BEHAVIORAL SAFETY

by Ms. Zulekha Soorma

(HSE Advisor- Environmental Management Consultants)

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AgendaIntroduction

Development of BBS

The Incident Triangle

ABC Model of Behavior

The Safety Triad

At - risk Behaviors

Components of Safe Behavior

Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION

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TYPICAL BEHAVIOURS

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Behavior

Any directly

measurable thing

that a person does,

including speaking,

acting, and

performing physical

functions

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Development of Behavioral Safety

Heinrich 1930’s – 88-90% of incidents at workplace were caused by unsafe acts

DuPont ‘s STOP program (Safety Training Observation Program)

Chevron’s POWER

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What is Behavioral Safety ?

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Behavioral Safety Reflects a proactive approach to

safety and health management

Reflects a proactive approach to injury prevention

Focuses on at-risk behaviors that can lead to injury

Focuses on safe behaviors that can contribute to injury prevention

Is an injury prevention process

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Principles of BehavioralSafety

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Principles of Behavioral Safety Focus intervention on

observable behavior

Look for external factors to understand/improve behaviors

Direct with activators and motivate with consequences

Focus on positive consequences to motivate behavior

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Principles of Behavioral Safety

Apply the scientific method to improve intervention

Use theory to integrate information, not to limit possibilities

Design interventions with consideration of internal feelings and attitudes

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Incident Triangle

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The Incident Triangle

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10

30

600

3000 - 5000

Serious Injury

Minor Injury

Property/EquipmentDamage

Near Miss

Unsafe Acts

Measured /Reported

Not Measured Reported

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Key Components of Safe Behavior

Sense

Know

Plan , Act and Maintain

Look, Speak and Listen

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ABC Model of Behavior

Three elements :

Activator

is a person, place, thing, coming

before a behavior that encourages

you to perform that behavior

Behavior is something you can see a person doing

Consequence

are events that follow behaviors and

change the probability that they will

recur in future

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Activators

• Goals• Objectives• Priorities• Accountabilities• Policies/Procedures• Standards• Training/Education• Job aids such as checklists, flowcharts• Loss Prevention Guide• Pre-Job Safety Instruction

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Activators

• Always come before behavior

• Communicate information

• Consequences can also be

activators

•Prompt or activate behavior

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Behavior

• Any observable and measurable act

• Anything you can see a person do

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Consequences

• Events that follow behaviors and change the probability that they will recur in the future

• Have the greatest influence on behaviors

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Making Behavior a Habit

Consequences

InstructionsManualsProceduresFeedback

RecognitionRewardsPunishment+/- Reinforcement

85%

15%

Antecedents

Behavior

Feedback

Habit

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Respiratory Hazard Example - Compliance

Cigarette Smoking - Negative , Future, Uncertain

H2S Exposure – Negative , Immediate, Certain

Which is the better example for protection of the respiratory system ?

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Safety Award Example

Daily recognition from Superintendent /Foreman - Positive, immediate, certain.

Infrequent recognition from Superintendent / Foreman –

Positive, future, uncertain.

Which will result in the desired

behavior?

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Critical Behaviors and Barriers to Safety

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The Safety Triad

BEHAVIOR

ENVIRONMENT

PERSON

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Conscious behavior

Habitual behaviorUnintentional

behavior

BBS focuses on habitual and unintentional behavior

Types of At-risk Behavior

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At-risk behaviors that lead to serious injury or fatality

At-risk behaviors that could lead to serious injury or fatality

At-risk behaviors that lead to a large number of minor injuries or near misses

Critical Behaviors and Barriers to Safety

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At-risk behaviors that could contribute to a large number of injuries because many people perform a given task

Safe behaviors that need to occur consistently in order to prevent personal injury

Critical Behaviors and Barriers to Safety

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Implementation Phases of Behavioral Safety

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Assess the safety culture

Phase 1

Phase 3

Educate and train employees about the principles, tools and implementation strategies

Phase 2 Educate and train team leaders

Monitor the progress

Phase 4

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The Do It Process

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The Do It Process

Define behaviors

Observe behaviors

Intervene

Test the intervention

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Observation ChecklistDuPont STOP Card

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLAN

Why Behavioral Safety

Programs Fail

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BBS Programs Failure Lots of negative

feedback - policing Observations not

done as required Absence of

feedback to workers Introduced as a

“flavor of the month”

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Effectiveness of Behavioral Safety Programs

All members of the organization, from top management to the shop floor are fully engaged and supportive

The system is constantly maintained and is not seen as a one-off

The underpinning safety management systems and working environment are also fully maintained.

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The Journey to Excellence

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Thanks for your Attention