1, 2, and 6 marks in the exam 3 areas · climate change *climate change the world getting hotter...
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Topic 7
Questions will range from 1, 2, and 6 marks in the exam
There are 3 areas of sustainability you need to be aware of:
1. Minimising Waste production2. Renewable Sources of Energy3. Climate Change
EnvironmentalFactors
As designers, the environment impacts greatly on what we design, the way in which we design, how and where the product will be used.
You need to understand the environmental impact of
a product and its lifecycle.
Sustainable design
Imperatives & design tools
Life cycle analysisIn order for designers to be more sustainablein their approach to designing new products, they use a key tool known as ‘Life-cycle Analysis’ (LCA); it is sometimes referred to as the ‘Cradle to the Grave’.Life-cycle Analysis follows a product from manufacture (cradle) through the use phase, and to the disposal phase (grave). It allows designers to be more aware of the impact on the environment and resources that their product will make, and more importantly ways in which these minimised.
EnvironmentalFactors
The effects of a product on the environment:
Designers must consider and use materials and processes that have the least effect on the environment in terms of increasing Greenhouse gases and our carbon footprint. They must also ensure that they are using resources that are sustainable.
Most products designed today are made out of sustainable resourcesthat can be recycled, renewed, or reused & recovered in some way.
Products that function well have a ‘long service life’, this means that there is a reduced need for the product to be replaced or disposed of, which reduces the environmental impact in terms of waste.
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n*Reduce as a designer/manufacturer/ consumer
• More efficient manufacturing processes & machinery as they use less energy
• Use of lighter and stronger materials means a reduction in size of structural components – therefore less material used overall
• Reduced components also allows for product to be taken apart more easily & reused/recycled at the end of its life
Think about….
How could a designer/manufacturer reduce materials and energy?
How could you reduce the amount of raw materials you use?
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n*Reduce as a designer/manufacturer/ consumer
• More efficient manufacturing processes & machinery as they use less energy
• Use of lighter and stronger materials means a reduction in size of structural components – therefore less material used overall
• Reduced components also allows for product to be taken apart more easily & reused/recycled at the end of its life
Think about….
How could a designer/manufacturer reduce materials and energy?
How could you reduce the amount of raw materials you use?
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*Reuse as a consumer
• Using the material or a product more than once.
Using a product again means less raw materials are needed to make replacements. Thinking of new ways to use a product prevents it ending up in landfill.How could you re-use a bath tub?
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5 ways you couldre-use a glass bottle?
How could you re-use a bottle?
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n*RecoverEnergy can be recovered from Waste (EFW), then the Waste can be turned into energy (WTE) in the form of either heat or electricity. This can then be fed directly into domestic houses, reducing the demand on natural sources such as gas and oil.
They both EFW & WTE require incinerating the waste, the efficiency of this depends on the incineration plant. The emissions are carefully monitored, and they needs to be cleaned ‘Scrubbed’ before being released into the atmosphereCan you think of one negative and positive aspect to this process?
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*RecoverEnergy can be recovered from Waste then the Waste can be turned into energy in the form of either heat or electricity. This can then be fed directly into domestic houses.
They both require incinerating the waste, the efficiency of this depends on the incineration plant.Can you think of one negative and positive aspect to this process?
Positive- less resources are used, gas and oil is reducedNegative- emissions generated by the incinerator could be damaging for the environment.
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*RecycleProcessing used materials into new materials or products.Aims to reduce the demand for new materials, reduce energy consumption and air pollution, also it means that fewer products are wasted and end up in land fill sites What materials can you recycle?High value materials such as gold can also be salvaged. This involves stripping out materials from old products to collect certain materials from the product.
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Explain one reason why
items are not being
recycled?
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n4 R’s Uses Advantages Disadvantages
Reduce
Recover
Reuse
Recycle
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Energy
generated from
natural resources
that cant run out
such as….
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Wind energyMoving airflow can be used to turn
wind turbines
Doesn’t create greenhouse gas
during operation
Can be produced on a large scale
High installation costs
Ugly & noisy
Large amount of land required Solar EnergyElectricity generated can be used
to heat water and buildings and
cook on solar ovens
Uses Photovolatic cells
Can be placed out of sight on roof
tops, once installed are free, little
maintenance
Expensive to install, supply can be
reduced by cloud cover, only
useful in certain countries
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Biomass used in power plants
Combustible fuel, wood is a good
example of biomass, any
biodegradable waste that can be
burnt is also classed as biomass
Leftover parts of food crop can be
used
Large amount of land required, not
ideally suited for fuel, burning wood
produces soot.
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En
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energy source Uses Advantages Disadvantages
Solar
Wind
Biomass
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Climate Change
Topic 7
*Climate Change the world getting hotter
What is global warming?
Topic 7
Climate Change
Topic 7
*Climate Change the world getting hotter
What is global warming?Gasses like carbon dioxide, water vapour and fluorinated gases act like a greenhouse around the earth. They allow the heat from the sun to get into the atmosphere but not back out again into space. The more of these there are the hotter the earth is getting as less heat can escape. What are the causes of global warming?
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Climate Change
Topic 7
*Climate Change the world getting hotter
What are the causes of global warming? Burning fossil fuelsdeforestation
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Climate Change
Topic 7*Kyoto Protocol
The Facts*It’s a legally binding document*Countries have to prepare their own policies to reduce greenhouse gasses*A fund is set up to help out developing countries*Reports and reviews of the protocol will be carried out* A committee is set up to ensure it is being complied with
It has been established that it is the responsibility of the 37 most industrialised countries to reduce global warming. They are set targets to reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses by at least 5% (carbon dioxide,
methane, nitrous oxide and sulphur hexafluoride.)
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