1. 2 a quick look at dow feeding the world life cycle analysis role in improving food supply...
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A Quick Look at Dow
Feeding the World
Life Cycle Analysis Role in Improving Food Supply
Questions and Answers
Agenda
®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
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A Quick Look at Dow
®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
Our Mission
• To passionately innovate what is essential to human progress by providing sustainable solutions to our customers
Key Facts• Founded in 1897 by Herbert H. Dow in Midland, Michigan, USA
• Supplies a broad range of products and services to customers in approximately 160 countries
• More than 5,000 products manufactured at 188 sites in 35 countries
• Employs ~50,000 people worldwide
• Sales revenue of USD 53.7 billion in 2010
• 2010 R&D spending of USD 1.7 billion
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Source: 2010 Dow estimates
Metal, Glass & Other
$160 Billion
Rigid Packaging
$114 Billion
Paper & Board
$145 Billion
Flexible Packaging
$81 BillionDow in Packaging:
$8 billion• Packaging resins• Specialty adhesives• Specialty films
Global Packaging Industry = $500 Billion
Packaging – a Strategic Focus for Dow
®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
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A Quick Look at Dow
Feeding the World
Life Cycle Analysis Role in Improving Food Supply
Questions and Answers
Agenda
®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
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• Population is growing 200,000 new mouths to feed every night
– Global population will grow by >30% between now and 2050
• Arable land for food production is finite– Will grow by only 5% by 2050 – mostly in
Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America
• In 2008, homo sapiens became a majority urban species*; most of the world’s food now has to travel great distances from farm to mouth
We Need More Food on the Global Dinner Table
®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
* According to 2011 State of the World – Innovations that Nourish the Planet, The Worldwatch Institute, published January 12, 2011
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• One-third of the food produced for human consumption in both developing and developed markets – about 1.3 billion tons per year – gets lost or wasted*
• Innovative food packaging can improve both, food preservation and food safety
100% of food harvested globally
28% lost to post-harvest spoilage and animal feed
40% lost in processing,
distribution and household handling
* Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, May 2011
More Food on the Global Dinner Table
®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
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More People with Greater Need for Good Packaging
Increasing wealth around the world can lead to increased demands on packaging– Consumerism
• Easy opening• Re-closable• On the go consumption• Portion Packs• From freezer to microwave
– Healthy food– Food safety –
increased regulations
®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
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Innovative Packaging can be One Answer
Innovative packaging can be
• Lighter and easier to transport
• Preserving food longer than traditional packaging
• Adapted to address specific geographic needs
• Delivering new or added functionality
®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
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A Quick Look at Dow
Feeding the World
Sustainability and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Questions and Answers
Agenda
®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
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“Sustainability requires making every decision with the future in mind.
It is about our relationship with the world around us – creating economic prosperity and
social value while contributing to the preservation of the planet."
Dow Thoughts on Sustainability
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Understanding Sustainability
• Narrow definitions of sustainable products
– Bio-based / renewable
– Compostable / biodegradable
– Recycled
• The problem with these definitions
– Sustainable attributes ≠ sustainability per se
– Traditional products different sustainable attributes
• Our approach
– Full life cycle thinking = key to understanding sustainable solutions
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Life Cycle Analysis/Thinking
Source: UNEP13
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LCA Examines Many Different Parameters
• For example:– Total energy requirement of the value chain
to deliver the functional unit
– Global warming potential (carbon footprint)• Measures emissions of all greenhouse gases in units of carbon dioxide
equivalents (CO2- eq) by weight;
Note: Carbon footprint is just one derived parameter from LCA– Total system fresh water requirement;– Ozone depletion potential;– Acidification potential;– Photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP);– Etc.
Focusing on just one parameter can be misleading!
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Which One is Best?
• Generally, in any LCA comparison, one solution will look better against some parameters and worse against others. Decisions frequently involve trade-offs
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Packaging
PO43-
CH4
NOx
CO2
Resources
Life cycle thinking & life cycle assessment decision support is crucial
16Reworked graph from L. Lundquist, Nestlé Research Center
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Consider the Needs of the Entire Product Life Cycle
Resins, Adhesives,
Films Suppliers
Package Manufacturing
Product Mfg. and Packaging
Distribution and Retail Consumer Use End-of-Life
MATERIALS SUPPLIER
• Energy Efficiency
• Bio-based Materials and/or Additives
• Renewable Feedstocks
PACKAGE MFRS.
• Easier extrusion
• Reduced scrap
• Down-gauged or Light-weighted materials
PRODUCT MFRS.
• Mfg Efficiency
• Faster Packing Speeds
• Improved Product Protection
• Less re-work
DISTRIBUTION AND RETAIL
• Better Food Preservation and Product Protection
• Lower/Easier Transportation
• Longer Shelf Life
• Reduced Need to Restock
END-OF-LIFE
• Re-use/Recycle
• Recycle-to-Energy
• Chemical Transformation
• Composting
• Landfil
• Litter/Marine Debris
CONSUMERS
• Easier to Open/Close
• Easier to Cook
• Less Refrigeration
• Longer Shelf Life
• Greater Pkg. Functionality
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Life cycle thinking is an objective, scientific approach and provides a comprehensive view of a product from cradle to grave:
It is critical to look at a product’s application and its function.
– It is not appropriate to compare a Kg of one material to a Kg of another material because different materials require different weights.
A balanced look at end-of-life options is also necessary.
– Being compostable is a desirable attribute where composting is readily available, but could be undesirable if the item is disposed of in a landfill.
Packaging is part of a product delivery system, not separate from it.
– Reducing the amount of packaging, and then throwing away the product because of damage or spoilage, wastes far more resources.
Make Lasting Change with Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
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®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
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Beverage Packaging
Product Weight
Package Weight
Product/ Packaging Ratio
Pkg. Weight per 100g Product
MSW Landfill per 100g product
Energy Consumption MJ/8 oz
Emissions Kg CO2e/ 8 oz
Glass Bottle and Metal Cap
8 ounces(236 g)
198.4g 1:1 83.9 g 54.5 g 3.36 0.29
Plastic PET Bottle and Cap
12 ounces(340 g)
22.7 g 10:1 9.6 g 6.0 g 3.00 0.18
Aluminum Can8 ounces(236 g)
11.3 g 21:1 4.7 g 2.4 g .99 0.08
Stand-up Flexible Pouch
24 ounces (680 g)
5.7 g 35:1 2.8 g 2.8 g .45 0.02
LCA Helps Make Better Choices for Beverage Pkg.
Beverage Packaging• The flexible beverage pouch:
• Consumes ½ the energy of the closest alternative• Generates 75% less emissions than the closest alternative• Significantly reduces greenhouse gases released and energy
consumed in transport of unfilled packages from converter to filling operation
Source: Flexible Packaging Association; Cradle-to-grave energy consumption and CO2 emissions data developed by Battelle Memorial Institute
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LCA Helps Make Better Choices for Cereal Pkg.
Package Type Contents
Impact per 100 oz Cereal
Landfill Discards
* (g)
Process GHG**
(kg CO2 Eq)
Total Energy**
(MJ)
Paperboard and HDPE Liner
11 oz 380.0 .861 12.1
Stand-Up Pouch 12 oz 117.5 .265 9.25
Reduction vs Box
Landfill Discards 68%
GHG 69%
Energy 23%
Dow internal calculations based on:• System boundary: Raw Material Cradle-
to-Gate, plus recycle• *Discards = package mass – recycle
stream• Cereal box assumptions
― 100% recycled content― 30% recovered to recycle stream †
• **Lifecycle inventory data sources: ― Paper: Environmental Defense-
www.papercalculator.org― EVA: The Dow Chemical Company― Other Plastics: Boustead Model V5
• †From The ULS Report, February 2007
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Plastics LCA Extends Far Beyond Food Packaging
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Conclusion
®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow
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Life cycle thinking is an objective, scientific approach and provides a comprehensive view of a product from cradle to grave:
It is critical to look at a product’s application and its function.
It provides a balanced look at end-of-life options.
It provides a tool that can be shared across the value chain and promote better, linked decision making.
Conclusion – LCA is the Right Tool for this Industry
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Thank You!
®™Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow