Traffic Lights Reinvigorated

SAYYAM GADHOKBE- 3rd Year,UE105091

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CONTENTSIntroduction

FeaturesApplicationsAdvantagesImplementationPractical AspectEconomical AspectThe Coding InvolvedConclusion

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presently………..

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Introduction Day by day increasing population increases traffic and vehicles also which causes problems in transportation and management of traffic. Mainly traffic controls at the crossings required smart traffic signaling system which has high degree of flexibility according to the flow of traffic in auxiliary roads, on the crossing some roads have a high density of traffic required rapid release of traffic to maintain the smooth flow of traffic on busy roads.

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continued……….. In this project we develop a system which senses the traffic density on a particular road and change the Green signal duration accordingly. Here we use IR/Ultrasonic sensors fitted along the road side to detect the presence of vehicles and change the signal according to the traffic density.This is a simple and effective solution for traffic busy crossing to control automatically the flow of traffic without disturbing the auxiliary roads.

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Microcontroller based traffic control system is an application specific project, which is used to control the traffic. An embedded system is developed which consists of a microcontroller (PIC 16F877A), IR sensors, LCD screen, transformer power supply (+5V) and LEDs.

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Features

Compact system

Traffic density based control

Efficient traffic management

Time duration determined by array of sensors

Fully automatic 

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Applications Used in heavy traffic areas

Traffic saturation points and crossings

Scope for advancement: Using high quality sensors and close circuit cameras to collect the density data for better management of traffic.

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AdvantagesEasy to install

Sensors are not affected by other RF or radiations

Low power consumption

Change time duration in steps 

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ImplementationMicrocontroller based traffic control system is an application specific project, which is used to control the traffic. An embedded system is developed which consists of a microcontroller, IR transmitter and receiver, LED’s

This project is implemented by placing IR transmitters, receivers and led’s at the 4 way junctionrepresented as

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a 4 way junction……….

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As the Sensor is interfaced with the Microcontroller, by changing the duration of the Green Light the density of traffic is being controlled.The program is based on a logic that if:Sensor is not obstructed: Green light is on for 15 seconds.Sensor is obstructed: Green light duration increases to 30 seconds.(DENSER LANE)

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Practical Aspect

If we consider a Single Lane , we’ll be placing 3 sensors in proximity of around 10-15 meters as approximately 50-55 meters of a lane is occupied with the traffic.Designation of time duration:If all the 3 sensors are active: i.e all obstructed by the vehicles then the lane is immensely dense. So duration of green light can be increased to 45 seconds.

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If only first 2 sensors are active : lane is slightly dense , so duration can be 25 seconds.If only the first sensor is active: Lane operates normally.

Similarly , it can be implemented for all the 4 lanes.Note: The system goes Ambiguous if the lanes are comparitively dense.

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But still there exists a for it, i.e we can increase the number of sensors being used to increase the Accuracy of the System.

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Economical Aspect

The implementation of the project is not at all heavy on government’s pocket as:a) PIC16F877A kits are readily available

in Indian markets & cost approx. INR500

b) 7 Segment displays & LEDs are already installed on the lights.

c) Sensors : Approx range of sensor required is around 6 meters (width wise) which is satisfied by UltraSonic Sensors , costing

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c) around 7.5$ ( < INR 400) each.d) Engineering Students skilled with embedded C can work along with the professionals for Program Development.Total Cost incurred on a 4 lane traffic light:

1 x INR 500 + 12 x (< INR 400)

(12 sensors, 3 for each lane)

< Rs. 5300

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Block Diagram PIC 16F877APeripheral Interface Controller 8 bit Harvard Architecture RISC based (app 35 instructions) 5 ports:• PORT B ,C, D : 8 pins each• PORT A: 6 pins ; PORT E :3 pins XTAL:8Mhz

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Interfacing Diagram

REGULATED

POWERSUPPLY

LEDs

LCD / 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY

PIC MICROCONTROLLER 16F877A

ULTRASONIC SENSOR/IR SENSOR

TRANSRECEIVER

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continued…..The block diagram consists of microcontroller interfaced to regulated power supply, led and IR receiver and IR transmitter which consist of an IR sensor.The IR sensors and led’s are connected to any of the port pins of microcontroller, regulated power supply is connected to the VCC pin of microcontroller which uses an voltage regulator to get 5V of power supply.

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continued…..This embedded system is placed at the 4 way junction which controls the traffic electronically. The system uses a compact circuitry build around flash version of PIC 16F877A Microcontroller with a non-volatile memoryPrograms will be developed in EMBEDDED C language. ICPROG is used for burning programs.

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The Coding Involved

   

The programming is done with help of software named “mikroC” & the program is burned into thecontroller with the help of “ICProg”.

The Flow Chart goes as follows:

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Assignment of the Ports of PIC16F877A to interface LEDs, LCD & the Sensor

Creating Functions for displaying on the LCD, Initialisation

commandsDefining Functions for the 4 lanes of the traffic

lights controlling the LEDS

Inside the Main defining the Ports as Input or Output

Calling the functions inside the main for execution inside an

infinte loop.

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Source Code :

   

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CONCLUSION Reducing Traffic congestion at major traffic lights.Saves the Waiting Time.Avoiding accidents to an extent caused due to act of impatience.

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THANK YOU