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Baltimore Polytechnic Institute

Uniting Theory and Practice

Senior Engineering Practicum

Unit 1: What is Engineering? Objectives

1. Introduce students to course.2. Define engineering and a few of the differences between

engineering and science.3. Explore the various fields of engineering.4. Identify the need and opportunities for students of STEM in the U.S.5. Review Algebra, Geometry, and Trig required for this course.6. Learn dimensional reasoning and the power-law expression.7. Setup procedures for the rest of the year.

Baltimore Polytechnic Institute

Uniting Theory and Practice

Senior Engineering Practicum

Course Syllabus

Most things covered in class will show up on a test/quiz.

Take notes and study. 5 minutes a night helps a lot more than you’d expect.

Remember – this course is designed to prepare you to do well in college, regardless of your major.

Unless otherwise specified, it’s okay to work with your partner on drills and classwork. Keep talk focused.

You need permission and a hall pass to leave class.

What is Engineering?Application of:

Math -Science -

Technical -Principles

to Create tangible, practical solutions

Problem Solving

Theory in Practice

Knowledge in Action

Manufacturing

Designing Solutions

Manifesting Ideas

Science vs. Engineering

Science:1. Systematically obtaining knowledge by observation and

experience2. Use the Scientific Method3. Empirical / Objective

Engineering:1. Application of math and science by which matter and

energy are made useful to people2. Designing and implementing solutions that fulfill an

objective, need, or desire – based on knowledge3. Subjective solutions based on objective knowledge

“Engineering. . .to define rudely but not inaptly is the art of doing that well with one dollar, which any bungler can do with two

after a fashion.”

– Arthur Mellen Wellington,

The Economic Theory of Railway Location (1911)

Science vs. Engineering

Dr. Oct – scientist or engineer?NASA – scientists or engineers?

STEM:Science, Technology, Engineering, Math

What is Engineering?

Fields of Science

Natural Science:1. When we refer to “science,” we mean “natural science”2. Science = Natural science, social science, formal science,

applied science.Physical Science:

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_of_science

Fields of Engineering

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_of_engineering

Major Fields:

1. Aerospace2. Bioengineering 3. Chemical4. Civil5. Computer Engineering6. Computer Science7. Electrical8. Electronic 9. Material10. Mechanical11. Nuclear12. Process

Designing a Car – which field of engineering comes to mind?Mostly Mechanical

What’s actually involved:– chemistry– thermodynamics– heat transfer– fluid dynamics– electronic controls– dynamics & vibrations– materials science– mechanical design

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

Fields of Engineering

Fields of Engineering

Source: http://engineering.suite101.com/

Major Fields:

1. Aerospace - This field of engineering deals with design, production and operation of various aircrafts, spacecrafts, missiles and other airborne technologies. This field is an expansion of another branch of engineering termed as the Aeronautical engineering, which deals exclusively with aircrafts.

Fields of Engineering

Major Fields:

2. Bioengineering – the application of engineering principles to address challenges in the fields of biology and medicine. Biological engineering applies principles to the full spectrum of living systems, including molecular biology, biochemistry, microbiology, pharmacology, protein chemistry, cytology, immunology, neurobiology and neuroscience.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/

Fields of Engineering

Major Fields:

3. Chemical – largely involves the design, improvement and maintenance of processes involving chemical or biological transformations for large-scale manufacture. Chemical engineers ensure the processes are operated safely, sustainably and economically.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/

Fields of Engineering

Major Fields:

4. Civil – deals with the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including works such as bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings.

• Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering.

• It includes environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, municipal or urban engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering, surveying, and construction engineering.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/

Fields of Engineering

Major Fields:

5. Computer Engineering – electronic engineering, software design and hardware-software integration instead of only software engineering or electronic engineering.

6. Computer Science – is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation, and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/

Fields of EngineeringMajor Fields:

7. Electrical – considered to deal with the problems associated with large-scale electrical systems such as power transmission and motor control. Deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism.

8. Electronic – deals with the study of small-scale electronic systems including computers and integrated circuits.

Electrical engineers are usually concerned with using electricity to transmit energy, while electronic engineers are concerned with using electricity to transmit information.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/

Fields of EngineeringMajor Fields:

9. Material – Deals with the fundamental properties and characteristics of materials. Investigates and utilizes the relationship between the structure of materials at atomic or molecular scales and their macroscopic properties. It includes elements of applied physics and chemistry. It includes the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/

Fields of EngineeringMajor Fields:

10. Mechanical – was developed from the application of principles from physics and materials science. It involves the analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of various mechanical (or moving) systems. It is one of the oldest and broadest engineering disciplines. ME’s design and analyze manufacturing plants, industrial equipment and machinery, heating and cooling systems, motor vehicles, aircraft, watercraft, robotics, nanorobotics, medical devices and more.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/

Fields of EngineeringMajor Fields:

11. Nuclear – the application of the breakdown of atomic nuclei and/or other sub-atomic physics, based on the principles of nuclear physics. It includes, but is not limited to, the interaction and maintenance of nuclear fission systems and components— specifically, nuclear reactors, nuclear power plants, and/or nuclear weapons.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/

Fields of Engineering

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/

Major Fields:

12. Process Engineering – focuses on the design, operation and maintenance of chemical and other process manufacturing activities. Process engineering is often a synonym for chemical engineering but process engineers are found in a vast range of industries, such as the petrochemical, mineral processing, material, information technology, food and pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries. Process engineering also involves developing new processes, project engineering and troubleshooting.

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is……….

engineering is.……art

Thames river barrier: “A magnificent work of engineering where architectural design played a major role for this magnificent structure to be a pleasant if not wondrous work of art”

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

what is engineering?

Sydney Opera House (constructed between 1959 – 1973)

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is.……art

engineering is.……art

what is engineering?

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is.……art

what is engineering?

Pont-du-Gard: Aqueduct built by Romans in 1st century Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is.……problem solving

what is engineering?

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is.……problem solving

what is engineering?

Static/dynamic operating conditionsPressure effectsFlow controlDesign of pressure valvesDesign of well array

Lee et al. Lab on a Chip, 2009, 9, 1681Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is.……approximationthe mathematics of engineering systems are often too complicated to solve analytically

what is engineering?

“Engineering problems are under-defined, there are many solutions,good, bad and indifferent. The art is to arrive at a good solution.This is a creative activity involving imagination, intuition, anddeliberate choice.”--Ove Arup

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is.……modeling and simulationoften the only efficient means to confirm that an idea or design will work is to experiment with a scale model or computer simulation

what is engineering?

Composite model of X33 RLV being tested in a Mach20 tunnel at NASA

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is.……modeling and simulation“What shape would soap bubbles in a continuous array

of soap bubbles be?”

what is engineering?

The National Aquatics Center, or the "Water Cube," fully represents the concept of "Green Olympics," in terms of architecture, outside layer engineering, environmental protection in the areas of material, energy and water resources as well as the indoor environmental quality, according to a BOCOG official.

22,000 steel members (90kms)12,000 nodes

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is.……measurement and estimationriver flow, noise in a communications system, scatter in

a laser beam, earthquake characteristics – all require measurement

what is engineering?

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is.……communicationMaking presentations, producing technical manuals, coordinating teams for large scale projects are all fundamental to engineering practice

what is engineering?

“They may be rocket scientists but……$125 million communication error”Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is.……politicsthe best functional solution is not necessarily the best

practical solution

what is engineering?

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

3 mile island

Alaskan pipeline

engineering is.……financeDesign, construction, operation, and maintenance costs determine the viability of a project

what is engineering?

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

The Big Dig, Boston: $14.2 billion

The Channel tunnel: $21 billion

($1 billion = 666 Eiffel towers)

engineering is.……invention/design/innovationnew devices, materials, and processes are developed by engineers to meet needs that existing technologies do not address.

what is engineering?

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is.……invention/design/innovationNew devices, materials, and processes are developed by engineers to meet needs that existing technologies do not address.

what is engineering?

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is.……ethics, safety & public service

what is engineering?

Engineering Innovation | Introduction http://www.asce.org/inside/codeofethics.cfm

engineering is.……new materialse.g. nanocomposites = polymer + nanomaterial

what is engineering?

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

“For the space elevator, the carbon nanotubes need to be many metres long and woven together in a polymer to make a super-strong cable.”

CBC News Online | Updated October 2006

carbon nanotube – strongest material known

CBC News Online | Updated October 2006

engineering is.……new materials

what is engineering?

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is.……small as well as big– Semiconductor quantum dots (particles with diameters

from 1-10 nm)

– Single-walled carbon nanotube switches

CBC News Online | Updated October 2006

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

qdot synthesis

engineering is.……small as well as bigC. nanomedicine

CBC News Online | Updated October 2006

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

engineering is.……haptics and robotic surgery

CBC News Online | Updated October 2006

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

So what do engineers do?

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

I. Engineers solve problems using new ways to combine and use existing technologies.

II. Engineers develop A. reliable, safe, cost-effective, aesthetic, useful

products.B. new devices, materials, or processes to meet the

needs that existing technology does not address.

Engineering Innovation | Introduction

Expose yourself to engineering

Original poster created to promote art in Portland, OR. (Man shown became

mayor of Portland.)

SCHOOL

Assignment1. Read through the course syllabus – sign it and get it

signed by Wednesday2. Complete the LETTERING practice sheet, front and

back for tomorrow3. Work on getting supplies together – computer use at

home, engineering paper, notebook, etc. Engineering Paper due by next Monday.