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CORILA. Palazzo Franchetti. S. Marco 2847. 30124 Venice. Italy. 041-2402511. www.corila.it
Venice Lagoon SystemPierpaolo Campostrini1, Donata Melaku Canu2, Simona Dalla Riva1, Roberto Pastres3, Lara Pizzo4, Luca Rossetto4, Cosimo
Solidoro2
1CORILA, Palazzo Franchetti, San Marco 2847 30124 Venezia, Italy2OGS National Institute of Oceanography and Geophisics- Borgo Grotta Gigante 42 c 34010 Sgonico Trieste, Italy
3University Ca’ Foscari of Venice-Dept of Chemistry-Physics, Dorsoduro 2137, 30121 Venezia, Italy4University of Padua-Dept of Land and Agro-Forestry, AGRIPOLIS-Viale dell’Università, 16-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
SPICOSA is an EU Integrated Project in the framework of the VI FP that
will strengthen research throughout the European Region and produce
products useful to society. The project’s goal is to create a self-
evolving, operational framework for delivering prognostic assessments
of policy options for the sustainable management of coastal zones.
The methodological product is called Systems Approach Framework(SAF), that will develop a balance among Ecological,
Social and Economic (ESE) sectors of Coastal System, expanding the conventional application of the System Approach to the
larger CZ System. By employing the integrated ESE model, SPICOSA will increase the potential for quick evaluation of policy
changes.
SPICOSA will test and improve the SAF in 18 Study Site Applications
(SSAs) all over Europe. In order that the SAF become an operable tool
for both Science and Policy, demonstrating its applicability to Integrated
Coastal Zone Management over a wide variety of coasts that differ in
geomorphology, environmental conditions, culture and human activities.
http://www.spicosa.org
issue
Acquaculture of Tapes philippinarum
goal
Sustainable use of Lagoon Ecosystem and Tapes philippinarum stock
exploring the sensitivity of the system to:
-Changes in biological parameters (density, mortality rate)
-Changes in economic parameters (external costs, fishing strategies)
-Size and location of the areas under concession
-Changing Climate Scenarios
Sustainable management of the clam Tapes philippinarum
History
•1983: Tapes philippinarum introduction
•1983-1990 clam colonisation
•From1990: fishermen started to fish in open access regime/ social tensions/poor quality
•1999: catches decline
•2001: allocation of aquaculture concessions
•2005: extension of aquaculture concessions
•Negative impacts: sediment resuspension, benthic habitat alteration
•Economic Relevance: 60% of national production
•Number of fishermen: around 1000;
•estimated gross annual production: 180 Million Euro
Systems Approach Framework(SAF)
1.DESIGN STEP
Ecological
Social
Economic
D
R
I
V
I
N
G
S
Natural Anthropogenic
Solar radiation
winds
tide
Fishery, clam harvesting
boats
Householdings,
Tourism,
Industrial activities,
Agriculture,
Cattle
Rain, snow
P
R
E
S
S
U
R
E
S
Heat fluxes
Light transmission
Water currents
Sea lagoon exchanges
Sediment resuspension
Rivers discharges discharges
Nutrient inputsAtmospheric emissions
Toxic inputs
S
T
A
T
E
S
I
M
P
A
C
T
S
R
E
S
P
O
N
S
E
S
temperature
Macrophyte,
phytoplankton
Suspended solids
Nutrients in sediment Nutrients in water
Toxic in sediment
Toxic in waterDissolved oxygen bacteria
Alteration: Primary producers
Composition, abundance, distribution
Biodiversity loss
Turbidity increaseAlteration: nutrients Concentration and
distribution in water and sediment
Alteration: toxic substances
Concentration and distribution
in water and sediment
MOSE building
Alteration Clam filtering
efficiency reduction
Alteration: Clam growth
performancesAlteration: Clam quality
for human use
DPSIR-Drive, Pressure, State, impact, Response
* Elimination processes include: faeces excretion, dilution associated with growth, and metabolic transformation.
SUISTAINABLE
POLICIES:Catches, fishing efforts,
area, location
Initial clam size distribution
Initial clam density
growth
size distribution
mortality
density
Total biomass
Organic chemicalsIn water
clearance
feeding
Elimination*
Organic chemical conc.In T. philippinarum
[g kg-1]
Water
Temperature
Concentratioof seston
Energy content of seston
Bioavailable organic chemical conc. in water
Organic chemical conc. in sediments
POC, DOC, DO conc., OC fraction in
sedimets
Impacts!!!
Pollutants in
T. philippinarum[g kg-1]
Size distribution anddensities of
T. Philippinarum [g m-2]
Fishermendecide to catch clam
Stock Quality
Change in fishermen income
Change instock value
Change in ecosystem services
Effects on local community
Value of recreational
service, tourism
Prices
Costs
Discount rate
Technology
CHOICE OF SITE(S)
Size distribution,densities, growth rate of
T. Philippinarum
Organic chemicalin T. Philippinarum
Organic chemicals
in diet items ofT. philippinarum [g kg-
1]
Income/value !!!
Impacts!!!
Conceptual model
2.FORMULATION
STEP
Ecological
Social
Economic
Modelling tools:
-Tapes philippinarum bioenergetic and
bioeconomic model
-0D and 2D application coupling with
TDM (biogeochemical model)
-Computes variable costs such as seeding costs, monitoring costs,
gasoline costs, labour costs)
-Computes average revenue and yearly revenue for each fishing
unit (boat)3. APPRAISAL
STEP
Ecological
Social
Economic
17
19
21
23
25
27
29
31
1 43 85 127 169 211 253 295 337 379 421 463 505 547 589 631 673 715 757 799 841 883
tempo, giorni
lun
gh
ezza,
mm
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1 42 83 124 165 206 247 288 329 370 411 452 493 534 575 616 657 698 739 780 821 862
Individual growth
model
Aquaculture:
growth curves
varying
seeding time
Aquaculture:
biomass curves
varying seeding
time
Economic model
0 90 180 270 3600
5.00000e-11
1.00000e-10
1.50000e-10
2.00000e-10
Time
ValuePlotter I/O
Mi pcb 77 Red Green
Black
Forcings: pcb 77 in
water (3.38 10-12 g/l)
pcb 77 in
sediment (2.70 10-8 g/l);
Quality model
INTEGRATION,
First Results:
evolution of
Catch, Sales, Cost
and Added Value.
Varying the
schedule of
seeding, from
january to
decemberProfitable
choice!!!
Population dynamic
model
Aquaculture model
4.OUTPUT
STEP
Ecological
Social
Economic
Appraisal Integrated Coastal Zone
Management options is seen as a
dynamic and iterative process →
stakeholders’ views and positioning can
evolve over time
Policy –enduserinterface
Scenario evaluation
Policy→Science Science →Policy
SAF System Approach Framework
Study Site Applications
Iterative
interaction
Conclusions
integrated model developed using Extend software,
able to simulate and assess:
- PRODUCTION
- QUALITY ►under different scenarios
- FISH MARKET
Extend Model Structure
Need to consider:
1. Who should be involved? Individuals, groups, or oganizations that
are affected, involved or interested in the issue
2. When should stakeholders be involved? Not all SHs need to be
involved during all the project, with varying levels of interest, can
take part in different steps of the SAF process
3. How should stakeholders be involved? Forum, bilateral meetings,
consultation, questionnaires, leaflets
Bioeconomic model of Tapes philippinarum and Sensitivity analysis to changes in price and mortality rate suggests that higher level of uncertainty
induce fishermen to increase pressure on resource, decreasing the harvesting size, increasing pressure on environment and impacts.
The integration of stakeholder knowledge, data and model, enable us to estimate ranges of sustainable clam production and fleet consistency.
Modelling results show high sensitivity to management strategies such as harvesting management and marketing (.i.e. ‘labelling’ and
‘certification’).
Stakeholder interactions show that there is a general concern regarding environmental and clam quality and safety.