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1. To explain the Linnaean classification system taxonomists use to identify animals.

2. To examine common phylums and classes used in categorizing animals.

3. To demonstrate the process used in classifying animals.

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• Is the science concerning the description, identification, naming and classification of animals

• Was developed by an 18th century zoologist named Carolus Linnaeus

• Is recognized worldwide

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• Is broken into the following categories:

– kingdom

– phylum

– class

– order

– family

– genus

– species

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• Places an organism in descending, ordered groups which share more specific similarities with the organism than the previous group

• Begins by placing an organism in a kingdom, which is the broadest group

• Works down the list until it comes to species, the narrowest group, where the animal will be identified

• Uses binomial nomenclature to identify organisms

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• Was invented by Carolus Linnaeus • Is the modern system of naming and

classifying organisms• Provides the genus is capitalized while the

species is not and both are italicized• Combines the genus and species of an animal

to give it a name– man is known as Homo sapiens– domesticated dogs are known as Canis

familiaris– domesticated cats are known as Felis catus

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• Accounts for all organisms which are multicellular, capable of locomotion and provide themselves with nourishment

• Is one of five kingdoms, which also include monera, protista, fungi and plantae

• Is characterized by the following:– organism with eukaryotic cells– heterotrophic organisms– lack cell walls

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• Form many tissues in animals• Are organized into complex structures

through the use of internal membranes and cytoskeletons

• Lack cell walls in animals, allowing them to adopt a variety of shapes

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• Require an organic substance to provide it with carbon necessary for growth and development

• Cannot form their own food from light or inorganic substances

• Feed off of other organisms or their remains in order to gain the energy needed for life

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• Group together animals with the same body plan

• Rank below kingdom and above class

• Classify animals based on their internal organization

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• Include the following:– mollusca– porifera– cnidaria– platyhelminthes– nematoda– annelida– arthropoda– echinodermata– chordata

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• Characteristics include the following:

– bilateral symmetry

– often have a shell

– complete digestive system

• Includes snails, clams, squids and slugs

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• Characteristics include the following:– sessile (non-motile)– lack organs and tissues– least advanced of all animals– invertebrate

• Includes all sponges

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• Characteristics include the following:

– invertebrate

– radial symmetry

– possess nematocysts (specialized stinging structures)

• Includes sea anemones, jellyfish and coral

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• Are often called “flatworms”

• Characteristics include the following:

– bilateral symmetry

– invertebrate

– soft bodied

• Includes flukes and tapeworms

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• Are often called “roundworms”• Characteristics include the following:

– bilateral symmetry– long, slender body– no circulatory system– often parasitic– invertebrate

• Includes pinworms and hookworms

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• Characteristics include the following:

– bilateral symmetry

– soft bodied

– segmented body

– invertebrate

• Includes earthworms and leeches

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• Characteristics include the following:– segmented body with jointed legs– exoskeleton– complex nervous system with dorsal brain– open circulatory system with dorsal heart– invertebrate

• Includes lobsters, crabs, beetles and cockroaches

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• Characteristics include the following:– radial symmetry– spiny skin– no circulatory, excretory or

respiratory systems– possess a water vascular system – invertebrate

• Includes sand dollars, starfish and sea urchins

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• Characteristics include the following at some point in development:– notochord – tubular spinal chord– gill slits leading to the pharynx

or throat• Includes all vertebrates, such as

fish, reptiles and humans

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• Include the following: – agnatha– placodermi– chondrichthyes– osteichthyes– amphibia– reptilia– aves – mammalia

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• Characteristics include the following:

– jawless– lack paired appendages– notochord present throughout life– cartilaginous skeleton

• Includes lampreys and hagfish

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• Characteristics include the following:

– first jawed vertebrae

– armored fish

– entirely extinct

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• Characteristics include the following: – skeleton made of cartilage– asymmetrical tail curving downward– internal fertilization– no lungs or swim bladder

• Includes sharks and sting rays

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• Characteristics include the following:

– bony skeleton

– external fertilization

– swim bladder

– gills

• Includes catfish, bass and tilapia

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• Characteristics include the following:– limited to moist environment– lungs and skin act as respiratory

system– three chambered heart

• Includes frogs, toads and salamanders

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• Characteristics include the following:

– independent of water

– scales

– internal fertilization

– well developed circulatory system and lungs

• Includes snakes, lizards and turtles

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• Characteristics include the following:

– feathers

– light weight bones

– body systems adapted for flight

– beak

– four chambered heart

• Includes all birds 28

• Characteristics include the following:

– hair

– milk production by females for offspring

– internal fertilization

• Includes apes, dogs and humans

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• Include the following:– artiodactyla: even toed, hoofed

animals– perissodactyla: odd toed, hoofed

animals– carnivore: meat eaters– insectivore: insect eaters– marsupialia: pouched mammals

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• Include the following: – primates: humans, monkeys and lemurs– rodentia: beavers, squirrels and mice– cetacea: whales and porpoises– chiroptera: bats– lagomorpha: hares and rabbits

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• Include the following:

– callitrichidae: marmosets

– cebidae: new world monkeys

– cercopithecidae: baboons and old world monkeys

– pongidae: gorillas, orangutans and chimpanzees

– hominidae: human beings

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• Include:

– gorilla: gorillas

– homo: humans

– pan: chimpanzees

– pongo: orangutan

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• Include:

– Gorilla beringei: eastern gorilla

– Gorilla gorilla: western gorilla

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• Kingdom – Animalia

• Phylum – Chordata

• Class – Mammalia

• Order – Primates

• Family – Hominidae

• Genus – Homo

• Species – sapiens

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• Kingdom – Animalia

• Phylum – Chordata

• Class – Mammalia

• Order – Carnivora

• Family – Canidae

• Genus – Canis

• Species – familiaris

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• Kingdom – Animalia

• Phylum – Chordata

• Class – Mammalia

• Order – Carnivora

• Family – Felidae

• Genus – Felis

• Species – catus

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•Is the science concerning the description, identification, naming and classification of animals•Is broken into kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

•Combines the genus and species of an animal to give it a name

•Accounts for all organisms which are multicellular, capable of locomotion and provide themselves with nourishment

•Group animals together which posses the same body plan•Classify animals based on their internal organization

1. What are the seven categories used in the Linnaean classification system?

2. ________ symmetry is when an object can be divided into identical halves, usually a left and right side.

3. A ________ is a rod-like cord of cells which forms the main support structure of the body.

4. Organisms from the phylum ________ are often called roundworms.

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5. The lagomorpha order includes rabbits and hares.

a. true

b. false

6. A characteristic of the aves class is a four chambered heart.

a. true

b. false

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7. Crabs are in the phylum arthropoda.

a. true

b. false

8. A water vascular system is a characteristic of the platyhelminthes.

a. true

b. false

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9. What phylum contains the least advanced of all animals?

a. porifera

b. mollusca

c. cnidaria

d. annelida

10.Which of the following is correct?

a. Homo Sapiens

b. Homo sapiens

c. homo sapiens

d. Homo sapiens

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Phylum Chordata. (2009). Retrieved May 30, 2009, from Reference.com: http://www.reference.com/

Binomial Nomenclature. (2007). Retrieved May 30, 2009, from Fact Monster: http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0857381.html

Carter, J. S. (2004, November 4). Phylum Chordata. Retrieved May 30, 2009, from Biology at Clermont College: http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio106/chordate.htm

Kornfeld, A. (2007). Natural Perspective. Retrieved May 30, 2009, from Natural Perpective: http://www.perspective.com/nature/index.html

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