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1945 2020?

University governance in the Netherlands: Outlook and overview in light international historical perspective

By Jo Ritzen and Willem MattensMaastricht University

or The worldwide battle for talent…

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STATE

Russia

1985weden

Germany Denmark

Canada US Market

NL UK

Japan

It1960aly

Spain

Academic oligarchy (Burton Clark)

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State

Russia

Japan Sweden

Denmark Germany

France Canada US Market

NL UK

Italy

Spain

Academic oligarchy (Burton Clark)

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Characteristics Dutch universities…

• The oligarchic university < 1968

• The democratic university 1968-1980

• The bureaucratic university 1980-1995

• The professional university > 1995

• The innovative university > 2010

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The

Oligarchic

University

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The Oligarchic University…

Governance:• Curatorium • Rector Magnificus < > Senate

– strategy of Research & Teaching

• Dean > head of the Faculty, primus inter paris– tactics & operations of Research & Teaching

Administration:• Chancellor-Director, government-issued and -

controlled

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The

Democratic

University

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The Democratic University…

Governance (inc student participation):• University > E-board < > U-council• (sub)Faculty > F-board < > F-council

– Dean > chairman F-board, elected by F-council

• Department > D-board < > D-councilAdministration:• Government-issued/E-board controlled..!? (poorly equipped)

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The

Bureaucratic

University

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The Bureaucratic University…

Governance (inc student participation):• University > E-board < > U-council• Faculty > F-board < > F-council

– Dean > chairman F-board, elected by F-council

• Department > D-board < > D-council

Administration:• E-board issued, F-director controlled

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The

Professional

University

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The Professional University…

Governance:• Supervisory board• University > E-board < > U-council

or separate P/S-councils

• Faculty > dean/F-board < > F-council (or P/S) -Dean > integral manager, appointed by E-

board, assisted by F-board• Department > director/D-board < > D-council

Administration:• E-board/Dean -issued and –controlled (assisted by F-

director

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The Deans position…

….Against the sketched background the position of the dean altered gradually from a very marginal role in the oligarchic period, where the Senate (all full professors) headed by the Rector Magnificus (the primus inter paris) was dominant, to a fully responsible integral governor of the faculty and university in present times……!!

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International developments…

• UK• Scandinavia• Germany• France• USA more market…• Japan• China• Australia

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Trend…

Key aspects of globalisation (+ ICT) – mobility: people, information, finance...– time: async, sync & ‘compressed’– competition for ‘knowledge’ & advantage– media & information explosion– interdependence & connections– shifting boundaries:

convergence & re-configuration

= Need for sophisticated ‘knowledge & information management’

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Trend…

Internationalisation as response to globalisation?

– Competition in research, teaching, knowledge transfer & exchange

– Changing patterns of student recruitment + volatility of ‘markets’

– Diversity of providers, provision, needs & demands (no monopoly for traditional providers)

– Collaboration & partnerships as defence, advantage– For governments & business – HE is seen as key to

their needs

= Multiple purposes & audiences for ‘information’

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Internationalisation in HE…

Internationalisation at the national, sector and institutional levels is defined as the process of integrating an international, intercultural or global dimension into the purpose, functions or delivery of post-secondary education……

(Knight, 2003)

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Beyond 2010…

• How about the Dearing (1997) report?life long learning, learning society, regional development,fundamental research, leading expertise, innovative technology,cohesion in society, public accountability

• How about Bologna (1999: EU space for HE)?paradox: State arrangement versus Market principles…

• How about the Lisbon Agenda (2000)?The EU’s new strategic goal:

…to become by 2010 the most competitive & dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable growth with more & better jobs and greater social cohesion…

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Gate keeping…

• Tuition fees:– Differentiation– Combined with explicit grant policy

• Direct entrance selection:– Differentiation (BSA?)– University policy

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The Innovative University…

• Permanent scouting

• Culture change

• New incubator concepts

• Taylor made conduction

• Transparant IP policy

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Quality and ranking…

• Segmentation in HE market?

college model versus mass universities

• Public versus Private (open system)

• Need for coherent and transparent set of Q-indicators

• Ranking by market forces

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Fostering research culture…

• Individual apraissal versus team apraissal?

• Discretionary funding instead of dividing justice

• Quality prevails

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University Supervision…

• Better balance between R&E and management

• Integral instead of partial accountability

• Internationalisation

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Who is nurturing who…?

• State >>> University ?– HE is seen as key to State needs– National politics on more distance

• University >>> State ?– HE&Research are to be seen as commodities– Included in GATT ruling