1 1 1 2 1 3 1 5 1 6 sample - lingualism.com...v | modern standard arabic verbs of the table 2s on p....

sound geminate assimilated hollow defective

1_1 1s1 1s1(a) 1s1(b)

1g1

1a1 1a1(a)

1h1 1h1(a)

1d1 1d1(a) 1d1(b)

1_2 1s2 1s2(a)

1g2 1g2(a)

1a2

1h2 1h2(a)

1d2 1d2(a) 1d2(b)

1_3 1s3 1s3(a)

1g3 1g3(a)

1a3 1a3(a)

1h3 1h3(a) 1h3(b)

1d3

1_4 1s4 1s4(a)

1s4(b) 1s4(c)

1a4 1d4 1d4(a)

1d4(b)

1_5 1s5 1d5

1_6 1s6 1s6(a)

1s6(b) 1s6(c)

2 2s 2s(a)

2s(b) 2s(c)

2d 2d(a)

3 3s 3s(a)

3s(b) 3s(c)

3g

3d 3d(a)

4

4s 4s(a)

4s(b) 4s(c)

4g

4a1 4a1(a) 4a2

4h 4h(a)

4d 4d(a)

4d(b) 4d(c)

5 5s 5s(a)

5s(b) 5s(c)

5d 5d(a)

6 6s 6s(a) 6s(b)

6g

6d 6d(a)

7 7s 7s(a)

7g

7h

7d

8

8s 8s(a) 8s(b) 8s(c)

8g1 8g2

8a1 8a1(a) 8a2 8a3

8a4 8a5 8a6

8h1 8h1(a) 8h2 8h3

8d1 8d2 8d3 8d4

9 9s

10 10s 10s(a)

10s(b) 10s(c)

10g

10h 10h(a)

10d

11 11s 11s(a) 11s(b)

12 12s 12s(a)

13 13s 13s(a)

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Modern Standard

Arabic Verbs Conjugation Tables

Matthew Aldrich

sample

© 2013 by Matthew Aldrich

The author’s moral rights have been asserted.

All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or

by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior

written permission of the publisher.

Cover art: © Engin Korkmaz/123rf.com

paperback: ISBN-10: 0985816031

website: www.lingualism.com

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https://d.docs.live.net/a3c92b24c0e6c008/Lingualism/Word%20PC/MSA%20Verbs/www.lingualism.com

i | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs

Contents

Preface ........................................................................................................................................... ii

Using the Book .............................................................................................................................. iii

Pronunciation ................................................................................................................................ vi

Consonants ................................................................................................................................ vi

Vowels ......................................................................................................................................viii

Measure I ........................................................................................................................................ 1

Sound Measure I ........................................................................................................................ 2

Geminate Measure I................................................................................................................. 18

Assimilated Measure I.............................................................................................................. 23

Hollow Measure I ..................................................................................................................... 29

Defective Measure I ................................................................................................................. 36

Measure II-X ................................................................................................................................. 47

Measure II ................................................................................................................................. 48

Measure III ................................................................................................................................ 54

Measure IV ............................................................................................................................... 61

Measure V ................................................................................................................................ 75

Measure VI ............................................................................................................................... 81

Measure VII .............................................................................................................................. 87

Measure VIII ............................................................................................................................. 92

Measure IX ............................................................................................................................. 113

Measure X ............................................................................................................................... 114

Quadriliteral Verbs ..................................................................................................................... 122

Quadriliteral Measure I .......................................................................................................... 123

Quadriliteral Measure II ......................................................................................................... 126

Quadriliteral Measure III ........................................................................................................ 128

Index ........................................................................................................................................... 130

Blank Conjugation Table ............................................................................................................ 168

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ii | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs

Preface Modern Standard Arabic Verbs: Conjugation Tables aims to present Arabic verb morphology

through easy to read tables, organized in a user-friendly manner. The model conjugations in the

tables are meant to help learners see patterns, recognize similarities and differences between

conjugations, and ultimately to enable learners to conjugate any verb with confidence.

This book is the companion to the Lingualism Arabic Learner’s Dictionary (ISBN 0985816023),

which contains references to the conjugation tables. Every verb appearing in the dictionary falls

into one of the conjugation patterns presented in this book. The following pages show how to

use the book in conjunction with the dictionary.

Users of this book are expected to have a working background of Arabic verbs from their studies.

Although some information is presented in regards to the differences in form and meaning

between the measures, a full grammatical explanation of the tenses, moods, methods of

negation, etc., is currently beyond the scope of the book.

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iii | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs

Using the Book The first thing you will notice if you quickly browse through the tables is that, with a few

exceptions, they do not contain actual verbs*, but rather patterns represented by consistent substitutes for the verbs’ radicals. Following in

the tradition of Arabic grammarians, ف (f) represents the first radical, (3) ع the second, and ل (l)

the third. For quadriliteral verbs (those having a fourth radical), tradition is broken: instead of a

second ل (l), which may lead to confusion, ب (b) has been chosen to represent the fourth radical.

Each conjugated verb appears above a transcription of the word’s pronunciation. The radicals

appear gray.

All occurences of these three consonants in the tables should be swapped out for the radicals in

the verb you wish to conjugate. Let’s take the verb كتب (kataba – ‘write’) as an example. This verb

belongs to table 1s3. If you want to conjugate the verb in the first-person singular indicative

(translating ‘I write’), first locate this form in the table.

* A second version of this book, Modern Standard Arabic Verbs: Conjugation Tables (by Sample Verb) (ISBN 098581604X) uses actual, common verbs in each table.

فعل

first radical second radical third radical

fa3ala sample

iv | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs

Next, swap out the model radicals for the actual radicals in our verb.

1st radical ف ك (f k)

2nd radical ع ت (3 t)

3rd radical ل ب (l b)

We now have ب كت أ (ʔaktubu).

In the Lingualism Arabic Learner’s Dictionary, every verb entry contains a reference to its

corresponding table in this book.

The table name is followed by the third-person singular indicative form and the masdar (gerund).

The index in the back of this book lists all verbs from the dictionary, grouped according to table.

Measure I verbs have unpredictable, unique masdars. Verbs which otherwise follow identical

patterns and belong to the same table will have different masdar patterns. However, non-

measure I verbs have regular masdars, the patterns for which are found in the header for each

table.

A unique feature of this book is the consolidation of tables into the minimal number required to

model all Arabic verbs. Traditionally, all verbs which contain a weak radical (و or ي) are classified

as weak, even when these radicals are treated as regular (sound) consonants. They are then

assigned their own conjugation table. This is misleading to the learner, however, and tends to

overcomplicate the rules of conjugation. For instance, if the first radical of a measure II verb, is

never assimilated. It is treated as a regular consonants, and is thus grouped in table 2s (as a sound

measure II verb); likewise, measure II verbs are never hollow, and so there is no separate table

for those verbs which have a weak second radical. A quick look at the ‘check box’ in the header

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v | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs

of the table 2s on p. 48 confirms that this table is valid for verbs which contain ي ,و, as well as

‘other’ consonants.

Hamzated verbs (those containing ء as a radical) are also treated separately in traditional

grammars. In reality, there is no need for this. Hamzated verbs only differ from sound verbs in

that the spelling of the hamza is complicated.* (Otherwise, the only difference is that the first-

person singular of the imperfect tense often takes a long vowel when the first radical is hamza.)

Tables for hamzated verbs follow tables for their sound counterparts, taking a variation of the

same table name.

Table names consist of two to four parts.

1) Measure number

2) s (sound), g (geminate), a (assimilated), h (hollow), d (defective)

3) Number showing variation. For example, there are six variations of sound measure I

verbs, each with different voweling. These are tables 1s1, 1s2, 1s3, 1s4, 1s5, and 1s6.

4) A letter in parantheses shows a hamzated version of the previous table. Table 1s1(a)

has the same voweling as table 1s1 but has a hamza as the second radical.

* A table on p. 1 of the Lingualism Arabic Learner’s Dictionary aids in determining the spelling of hamza.

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vi | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs

Pronunciation Consonants

The following sounds are also found in English and should pose no difficulties for the learner: examples

b ب [b] as in bed بنت bint girl

d د [d] as in dog, but with the tongue touching the back of the upper teeth

dars lesson درس

đ ذ [ð] as in that ذرة đurat corn

f ف [f] as in four فم fam mouth

g ج/غ [g] as in gas (used for some foreign words; alternatively spelled ك or گ in some regions)

golf golf جولف grām gram غرام

h ه [h] as in house هو huwa he

j ج [ʤ] as in jam (commonly [ʒ] as in beige in the Levent and [g] as in gas in Egypt)

jadd grandfather جد

k ك [k] as in kid كل kull every

l ل [l] as in love (that is, a light l, and not a dark l as in yell)

laban milk لبن

L ل [ɫ] as the dark l in yell, found only in the word aLLāh هللا

aLLāh God هللا

m م [m] as in moon مات māta die

n ن [n] as in nice ينس nasiya forget

p ب [p] as in pan (used for some foreign words and sometimes written as پ; pronounced [b]

by some speakers)

pikīn Beijing بكين

s س [s] as in sun سنة sanat year

š ش [ʃ] as in show شك šakk doubt

t ت [t] as in tie, but with the tongue touching the back of the upper teeth

tall hill تل

ŧ ث [θ] as in think ثلث ŧulŧ third

v ف [v] as in valley (used for some foreign words and sometimes written as ڤ; pronounced [f]

by some speakers)

vayrūs virus فيروس

w و [w] as in word ود wadd wish

y ي [j] as in yes (when final, usually written without dots (ـى) in Egypt)

yad hand يد

z ز [z] as in zoo زار zāra visit

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vii | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs

The following sounds have no equivalent in English and require special attention. However, some exist in other languages you may be familiar with.

r ر [ɾ] tapped (flapped) as in the Spanish cara or the Scottish pronunciation of tree

rajul man رجل

ɣ غ [ɣ] very similar to a guttural R as in the French Paris, or the German rot

ɣarb west غرب

x خ [x] as in the German doch, Spanish rojo, or Scottish loch

xabar news خبر

q ق [q] like K but further back, almost in the throat, with the tongue touching the uvula

qadam foot قدم

ɧ ح [ħ] like a strong, breathy H, as if you were trying to fog up a window

ɧubb love حب

a voiced glottal stop, as if you had opened [ʕ] ع 3your mouth under water and constricted your throat to prevent choking and then released the constriction with a sigh

3arafa know عرف

ʔ ء [ʔ] an unvoiced glottal stop, as [ʕ] above, but with a wispy, unvoiced sigh; or more simply put, like the constriction separating the vowels in uh-oh

ʔab father أب

The following sounds also have no equivalent in English but are emphatic versions of otherwise familiar sounds. An emphatic consonant is produced by pulling the tongue back toward the pharynx (throat), spreading the sides of the tongue wide, as if you wanted to bite down on both sides of your tongue, and producing a good puff of air from the lungs.

ɖ ض [dˁ] emphatic version of [d] ضرب ɖaraba hit

ʂ ص [sˁ] emphatic version of [s] صدر ʂadr chest

ʈ ط [tˁ] emphatic version of [t] طبيب ʈabīb doctor

ʐ ظ [ðˤ] or [zˁ] emphatic version of [ð] or [z] ظن ʐann thought

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viii | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs

Vowels

examples

a ـ [æ] normally as in cat (but with the jaw not quite as lowered as in English); [a] as in hot when in the same syllable with ɧ or 3 (with the tongue lower than [æ]); usually [ɑ] as in father (but shorter) when in the same word as q, ɖ, ʂ, ʈ, ʐ, or, in most cases, r

kataba write كتب ɧammām bath حمام ɖaraba hit ضرب

ā ـ ى/ـ ا [æ:] / [a:] / [ɑ:] as with a above but longer نام nāma sleep jū3 hunger جوع qāda lead قاد

i ـ [ɪ] as in kid; when in the same word as q, ɖ, ʂ, ʈ, or ʐ, [ɨ] with the tongue pulled back a bit

bint girl بنت 3ilm knowledge علم qiʂʂat story قصة

ī ـ ي [i:] as in ski; when in the same word as q, ɖ, ʂ, ʈ, or ʐ, [ɨ:] as with i above (but longer)

jazīrat island جزيرة aʂʂīn China الصين

u ـ [ʊ] as in book بد budd option

ū ـ و [u:] as in moon تونة tūnat tuna

e [ɛ] as in bed (used for some foreign words) إسبرسو ʔespresō espresso

o/ō [o]/[o:] as is boat, but without the glide to [w] (used for some foreign words)

vodka vodka فودكا

brōtīn protein بروتين-at ـة [a] or [ah] in pausal form; when

pronounced in full form with i3rāb, the t is pronounced.

đurat corn ذرة

-u/-a/-i

-un/-an/-in

Transcription written in superscript (small and raised) represents vowels and nunation which belong to i3rāb (grammatical declension). These vowels are often omitted from relaxed speech or before a pause (end of a sentence, etc.).

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1 | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs © Lingualism.com

Measure I Name(s)

non-augmented verb, non-derived verb, basic verb

mujarrad ŧulāŧīyمجرد ثالثي

Characteristics triliteral

the most basic forms of verbs, having no prefixes or doubled consonants

sub-categorized depending on the vowels present in the stem

Meaning(s) Measure I verbs are not limited to any particular usage or meaning

Some are transitive, while others are intransitive

Sound Measure I مجرد ثالثي سالم mujarrad ŧulāŧīy sālim

imperfect The perfect tense stem for sound measure I verbs follows the pattern fa3_l-. The vowel a always follows the first radical, while the second radical is followed by a, i, or u. The imperfect tense stem is -f3_l-, which also has a variable vowel. The table on the left references the conjugation tables which fit these patterns. p

erfe

ct a i u

a 1s1 1s2 1s3

i 1s4 1s5

u 1s6

Geminate Measure I مجرد ثالثي مضاعف mujarrad ŧulāŧīy muɖā3af

imperfect The perfect tense stem for geminate measure I verbs follows the pattern fa33-. The imperfect tense stem is -f_33-, which has a variable vowel.

per

fect

a i u

a 1g1 1g2 1g3

i

u

Assimilated Measure I مجرد ثالثي معتل الفاء mujarrad ŧulāŧīy mu3tall alfāʔ

imperfect The perfect tense stem for assimilated measure I verbs follows the pattern wa3_l-. The first radical is always w, which is always followed by a. The second radical is followed by either a or i. The imperfect tense stem is -3_l-, and contains either a or i. Notice that the w is assimilated (disappears) in the imperfect tense. p

erfe

ct a i u

a 1a1 1a2

i 1a3

u

Hollow Measure I مجرد ثالثي معتل العين mujarrad ŧulāŧīy mu3tall al3ayn

imperfect The perfect tense stem for hollow measure I verbs follows the pattern fāl-. However, this long ā shortens to i or u in many forms. In the imperfect tense, the vowel can be a long or short a, i, or u.

per

fect

a i u

a

i 1h1 1h2

u 1h3

Defective Measure I مجرد ثالثي معتل الالم mujarrad ŧulāŧīy mu3tall allām

imperfect The perfect tense stem for defective measure I verbs follows the pattern fa3-. The vowel a always follows the first radical, both in the perfect and imperfect tenses. The vowel following the final radical varies by tense and form.

per

fect

a i u

a 1d1 1d2 1d3

i 1d4 1d5

u

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2 | Modern Standard Arabic Verbs

sound measure I perfect vowel: a imperfect vowel: a

other ء ي و

1s1 R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative

singular dual plural singular dual plural

ف ع لت 1 fa3altu

ف ع لن اfa3alnā

أ فع ل ʔaf3alu

ن فع ل naf3alu

2m ف ع لت fa3alta ف ع لت م ا

fa3altumā

ع لت مف fa3altum

ت فع ل taf3alu ن ت فع ل

taf3alāni

ت فع ل ون taf3alūna

2f ف ع لت

fa3alti ف ع لت ن

fa3altunna ت فع ل ين

taf3alīna

ت فع لن taf3alna

3m ف ع ل fa3ala

ف ع ل fa3alā

ف ع ل واfa3alū

ي فع ل yaf3alu

ن ي فع ل yaf3alāni

ي فع ل ون yaf3alūna

3f ف ع ل ت fa3alat

ف ع ل ت اfa3alatā

ف ع لن fa3alna

ت فع ل taf3alu

ن ت فع ل taf3alāni

ي فع لن yaf3alna

subjunctive jussive


أ فع ل 1 ʔaf3ala

ن فع ل naf3ala

لأ فع ʔaf3al

ن فع لnaf3al

2m ت فع ل taf3ala ت فع ل

taf3alā

ت فع ل واtaf3alū

ت فع ل taf3al ت فع ل

taf3alā

ت فع ل واtaf3alū

2f ت فع ل ي taf3alī


ت فع ل ي taf3alī


3m ي فع ل yaf3ala

ي فع ل yaf3alā

ي فع ل واyaf3alū

ي فع ل yaf3al

ي فع ل yaf3alā

ي فع ل واyaf3alū

3f ت فع ل taf3ala

ت فع ل taf3alā


ت فع ل taf3al

ت فع ل taf3alā


imperative participles passive

singular dual plural active passive perfect imperfect

2m ا فع ل if3al ا فع ل

if3alā

ا فع ل واif3alū

ل ف اع fā3il

فع ول م maf3ūl

ف ع ل fu3ila

ي فع ل yuf3alu

2f ا فع ل ي if3alī

ا فع لن if3alna

sample


hamzated measure I perfect vowel: a imperfect vowel: a

other ء ي و

1s1(a) R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


ف أ لت 1 faʔaltu

ف أ لن اfaʔalnā

أ فأ ل ʔafʔalu

فأ ل ن nafʔalu

2m ف أ لت faʔalta ا ف أ لت م

faʔaltumā

ف أ لت مfaʔaltum

ت فأ ل tafʔalu ن ت فأ ل

tafʔalāni

ت فأ ل ون tafʔalūna

2f ف أ لت

faʔalti ف أ لت ن

faʔaltunna ت فأ ل ين

tafʔalīna

ت فأ لن tafʔalna

3m ف أ ل faʔala

ف أ ل faʔalā

ف أ ل واfaʔalū

فأ ل ي yafʔalu

ن ي فأ ل yafʔalāni

فأ ل ون ي yafʔalūna

3f ف أ ل ت faʔalat

ف أ ل ت اfaʔalatā

ف أ لن faʔalna

ت فأ ل tafʔalu

ن ت فأ ل tafʔalāni

فأ لن ي yafʔalna

subjunctive jussive


أ فأ ل 1 ʔafʔala

فأ ل ن nafʔala

أ فأ ل ʔafʔal

فأ ل ن nafʔal

2m ت فأ ل tafʔala ت فأ ل

tafʔalā

ت فأ ل واtafʔalū

ت فأ ل tafʔal ت فأ ل

tafʔalā

ت فأ ل واtafʔalū

2f ت فأ ل ي tafʔalī


ت فأ ل ي tafʔalī


3m فأ ل ي yafʔala

فأ ل ي yafʔalā

فأ ل وا ي yafʔalū

فأ ل ي yafʔal

فأ ل ي yafʔalā

فأ ل وا ي yafʔalū

3f ت فأ ل tafʔala

ت فأ ل tafʔalā


ت فأ ل tafʔal

ت فأ ل tafʔalā




2m ا فأ ل ifʔal ا فأ ل

ifʔalā

ا فأ ل واifʔalū

ف ائ لfāʔil

ول م فؤ mafʔūl

ل ئ ف

fuʔila ل أ ي ف

yufʔalu2f ا فأ ل ي

ifʔalī ا فأ لن

ifʔalna

sample


hamzated measure I perfect vowel: a imperfect vowel: a

other ء ي و

1s1(b) R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


ف ع أت 1 fa3aʔtu

ف ع أن اfa3aʔnā

أ فع أ ʔaf3aʔu

ن فع أ naf3aʔu

2m ف ع أت fa3aʔta ف ع أت م ا

fa3aʔtumā

ف ع أت مfa3aʔtum

ت فع أ taf3aʔu ت فع آن

taf3aʔāni

ون ت فع ؤ taf3aʔūna

2f ف ع أت

fa3aʔti ف ع أت ن

fa3aʔtunna ت فع ئ ين

taf3aʔīna

ت فع أن taf3aʔna

3m ف ع أ fa3aʔa

ف ع آfa3aʔā

وا ف ع ؤ fa3aʔū

ي فع أ yaf3aʔu

ي فع آن yaf3aʔāni

ون ي فع ؤ yaf3aʔūna

3f ف ع أ ت fa3aʔat

ف ع أ ت اfa3aʔatā

ف ع أن fa3aʔna

ت فع أ taf3aʔu

ت فع آن taf3aʔāni

ي فع أن yaf3aʔna

subjunctive jussive


أ فع أ 1 ʔaf3aʔa

ن فع أ naf3aʔa

فع أأ ʔaf3aʔ

ن فع أnaf3aʔ

2m ت فع أ taf3aʔa ت فع آ

taf3aʔā

وا ت فع ؤ taf3aʔū

ت فع أ taf3aʔ ت فع آ

taf3aʔā

وا ت فع ؤ taf3aʔū

2f ت فع ئ ي taf3aʔī


ت فع ئ ي taf3aʔī


3m ي فع أ yaf3aʔa

ي فع آyaf3aʔā

وا ي فع ؤ yaf3aʔū

ي فع أ yaf3aʔ

ي فع آyaf3aʔā

وا ي فع ؤ yaf3aʔū

3f ت فع أ taf3aʔa

ت فع آtaf3aʔā


ت فع أ taf3aʔ

ت فع آtaf3aʔā




2m ا فع أ if3aʔ ا فع آ

if3aʔā

وا ا فع ؤ if3aʔū

ئ ف اع fā3iʔ

فع وء م maf3ūʔ

ف ع ئ fu3iʔa

ي فع أ yuf3aʔu

2f ا فع ئ ي if3aʔī

ا فع أن if3aʔna

sample


sound measure I perfect vowel: a imperfect vowel: i

other ء ي و

1s2 R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative




ل أ فع ʔaf3ilu

ن فع ل naf3ilu


fa3altumā

ف ع لت مfa3altum

ت فع ل taf3ilu ن ت فع ل

taf3ilāni

ل ون ت فع taf3ilūna

2f ف ع لت


fa3altunna ل ين ت فع

taf3ilīna

لن ت فع taf3ilna

3m ف ع ل fa3ala

ف ع ل fa3alā


ي فع ل yaf3ilu

ن ي فع ل yaf3ilāni

ل ون ي فع yaf3ilūna



ف ع لن fa3alna

ت فع ل taf3ilu

ن ت فع ل taf3ilāni

لن ي فع yaf3ilna

subjunctive jussive


ل 1 أ فع ʔaf3ila

ن فع ل naf3ila

ل أ فع ʔaf3il

فع لن naf3il

2m ت فع ل taf3ila ت فع ل

taf3ilā

ل وا ت فع taf3ilū

ت فع ل taf3il ت فع ل

taf3ilā

ل وا ت فع taf3ilū

2f ت فع ل ي taf3ilī


ت فع ل ي taf3ilī


3m ي فع ل yaf3ila

ي فع ل yaf3ilā

ل واي فع yaf3ilū

ي فع ل yaf3il

ي فع ل yaf3ilā

ل وا ي فع yaf3ilū

3f ت فع ل taf3ila

ت فع ل taf3ilā


ت فع ل taf3il

ت فع ل taf3ilā




2m ل ا فع if3il ا فع ل

if3ilā

ل وا ا فع if3ilū

ل ف اع fā3il

فع ول م maf3ūl

ف ع ل fu3ila

ي فع ل yuf3alu

2f ا فع ل ي if3ilī

لن ا فع if3ilna

sample


Measures II-X Names

augmented verb, derived verb

mazīd ŧulāŧīy مزيد ثالثي

Characteristics triliteral

Names

measure II

مزيد ثالثي وزن فعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn fa33ala

Characteristics second radical doubled

Meanings transitive of intransitive measure I verbs

causative of transitive measure I verbs

do intensively and/or repeatedly (‘__ to pieces’)

Names

measure III

مزيد ثالثي وزن فاعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn fā3ala

Characteristics first radical followed by ā

Meanings attempt to do

do with someone else

Names

measure IV

مزيد ثالثي وزن أفعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn fa33ala

Characteristics first radical of the perfect verb is prefixed by ʔa-, which is omitted in the imperfect tense

Meanings transitive of intransitive measure I verbs

causative of transitive measure I verbs

often synonymous with measure II verbs

Names

measure V

مزيد ثالثي وزن تفعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn tafa33ala

Characteristics first radical prefixed by ta-

second radical is doubled

Meaning reflexive or passive of measure II verbs

Names

measure VI

مزيد ثالثي وزن تفاعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn tafā3ala

Characteristics first radical prefixed by ta-

first radical followed by ā

Meaning reciprocal of measure III verbs (‘__ each other’)

Names

measure VII

مزيد ثالثي وزن انفعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn infa3ala

Characteristics first radical prefixed by in-

Meaning reflexive or passive of measure I verbs

Names

measure VIII

مزيد ثالثي وزن افتعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn ifta3ala

Characteristics first radical sandwiched by i_t-

Meanings reflexive or passive of measure I verbs

various other meanings

Names

measure IX

مزيد ثالثي وزن افعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn if3alla

Characteristics first radical prefixed by i-

third radical doubled

Meaning intransitive verbs referring to color or physical deficiencies

Names

measure X

مزيد ثالثي وزن استفعل

mazīd ŧulāŧīy wazn istaf3ala

Characteristics first radical prefixed by ista-

Meanings ask for __

find, regard as __

various other meanings

sample


sound measure II

masdar: ت فع يل taf3īl

other ء ي و

2s R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative




ل أ ف ع ʔufa33ilu

ع ل ن ف nufa33ilu


fa33altumā

ف ع لت مfa33altum

ع ل ت ف tufa33ilu ن ع ل ت ف

tufa33ilāni

ل ون ع ت ف tufa33ilūna

2f ف ع لت


fa33altunna ل ين ع ت ف

tufa33ilīna

لن ع ت ف tufa33ilna

3m ف ع ل fa33ala

ف ع ل fa33alā


ع ل ي ف yufa33ilu

ن ع ل ي ف yufa33ilāni

ل ون ع ي ف yufa33ilūna



ف ع لن fa33alna

ع ل ت ف tufa33ilu

ن ع ل ت ف tufa33ilāni

لن ع ي ف yufa33ilna

subjunctive jussive


ل 1 أ ف ع ʔufa33ila

ع ل ن ف nufa33ila

ل أ ف ع ʔufa33il

ع ل ن ف nufa33il

2m ع ل ت ف tufa33ila ع ل ت ف

tufa33ilā

ل و ع ات ف tufa33ilū

ع ل ت ف tufa33il ع ل ت ف

tufa33ilā

ل و ع ات ف tufa33ilū

2f ع ل ي ت ف tufa33ilī


ع ل ي ت ف tufa33ilī


3m ع ل ي ف yufa33ila

ع ل ي ف yufa33ilā

ل و ع اي ف yufa33ilū

ع ل ي ف yufa33il

ع ل ي ف yufa33ilā

ل و ع اي ف yufa33ilū

3f ع ل ت ف tufa33ila

ع ل ت ف tufa33ilā


ع ل ت ف tufa33il

ع ل ت ف tufa33ilā




2m ف ع ل fa33il ف ع ل

fa33ilā

ل و اف ع fa33ilū

ع ل م ف mufa33il

ع ل م ف mufa33al

ف ع ل fu33ila

ع ل ي ف yufa33alu

2f ف ع ل ي fa33ilī

لن ف ع fa33ilna

sample


hamzated measure II

masdar: يل taʔ3īl ت أع

other ء ي و

2s(a) R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


لت 1 أ ع ʔa33altu

ا لن أ ع ʔa33alnā

ل أ ؤ ع ʔuʔa33ilu

ل ن ؤ ع nuʔa33ilu

2m لت أ ع ʔa33alta ا لت م أ ع

ʔa33altumā

لت م أ ع ʔa33altum

ل ت ؤ ع tuʔa33ilu ن ل ت ؤ ع

tuʔa33ilāni

ل ون ت ؤ ع tuʔa33ilūna

2f لت أ ع

ʔa33alti لت ن أ ع

ʔa33altunna ل ين ت ؤ ع

tuʔa33ilīna

لن ت ؤ ع tuʔa33ilna

3m أ ع ل ʔa33ala

أ ع ل ʔa33alā

ل وا أ ع ʔa33alū

ل ي ؤ ع yuʔa33ilu

ن ل ي ؤ ع yuʔa33ilāni

ل ون ي ؤ ع yuʔa33ilūna

3f ل ت أ ع ʔa33alat

ل ت ا أ ع ʔa33alatā

لن أ ع ʔa33alna

ل ت ؤ ع tuʔa33ilu

ن ل ت ؤ ع tuʔa33ilāni

لن ي ؤ ع yuʔa33ilna

subjunctive jussive


ل 1 أ ؤ ع ʔuʔa33ila

ل ن ؤ ع nuʔa33ila

ل أ ؤ ع ʔuʔa33il

ل ن ؤ ع nuʔa33il

2m ل ت ؤ ع tuʔa33ila ل ت ؤ ع

tuʔa33ilā

ل و ات ؤ ع tuʔa33ilū

ل ت ؤ ع tuʔa33il ل ت ؤ ع

tuʔa33ilā

ل و ات ؤ ع tuʔa33ilū

2f ل ي ت ؤ ع tuʔa33ilī


ل ي ت ؤ ع tuʔa33ilī


3m ل ي ؤ ع yuʔa33ila

ل ي ؤ ع yuʔa33ilā

ل و اي ؤ ع yuʔa33ilū

ل ي ؤ ع yuʔa33il

ل ي ؤ ع yuʔa33ilā

ل و اي ؤ ع yuʔa33ilū

3f ل ت ؤ ع tuʔa33ila

ل ت ؤ ع tuʔa33ilā


ل ت ؤ ع tuʔa33il

ل ت ؤ ع tuʔa33ilā




2m ل أ ع ʔa33il ل أ ع

ʔa33ilā

ل و اأ ع ʔa33ilū

ل م ؤ ع muʔa33il

م ؤ ع لmuʔa33al

ل أ ع ʔu33ila

ي ؤ ع ل yuʔa33alu

2f ل ي أ ع ʔa33ilī

ل ن أ ع ʔa33ilna

sample


hamzated measure II

masdar: ت فئ يل tafʔīl

other ء ي و

2s(b) R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


ف أ لت 1 faʔʔaltu

ف أ لن اfaʔʔalnā

أ ف ئ ل ʔufaʔʔilu

ئ ل ن ف nufaʔʔilu

2m ف أ لت faʔʔalta ا ف أ لت م

faʔʔaltumā

ف أ لت مfaʔʔaltum

ئ ل ت ف tufaʔʔilu ن ئ ل ت ف

tufaʔʔilāni

ئ ل ون ت ف tufaʔʔilūna

2f ف أ لت

faʔʔalti ف أ لت ن

faʔʔaltunna ئ ل ين ت ف

tufaʔʔilīna

ئ لن ت ف tufaʔʔilna

3m ف أ ل faʔʔala

ف أ ل faʔʔalā

ف أ ل واfaʔʔalū

ئ ل ي ف yufaʔʔilu

ن ئ ل ي ف yufaʔʔilāni

ئ ل ون ي ف yufaʔʔilūna

3f ف أ ل ت faʔʔalat

ف أ ل ت اfaʔʔalatā

ف أ لن faʔʔalna

ئ ل ت ف tufaʔʔilu

ن ئ ل ت ف tufaʔʔilāni

ئ لن ي ف yufaʔʔilna

subjunctive jussive


أ ف ئ ل 1 ʔufaʔʔila

ئ ل ن ف nufaʔʔila

أ ف ئ ل ʔufaʔʔil

ئ ل ن ف nufaʔʔil

2m ئ ل ت ف tufaʔʔila ئ ل ت ف

tufaʔʔilā

ئ ل و ات ف tufaʔʔilū

ئ ل ت ف tufaʔʔil ئ ل ت ف

tufaʔʔilā

ئ ل و ات ف tufaʔʔilū

2f ئ ل ي ت ف tufaʔʔilī


ئ ل ي ت ف tufaʔʔilī


3m ئ ل ي ف yufaʔʔila

ئ ل ي ف yufaʔʔilā

ئ ل و اي ف yufaʔʔilū

ئ ل ي ف yufaʔʔil

ئ ل ي ف yufaʔʔilā

ئ ل وي اف yufaʔʔilū

3f ئ ل ت ف tufaʔʔila

ئ ل ت ف tufaʔʔilā


ئ ل ت ف tufaʔʔil

ئ ل ت ف tufaʔʔilā




2m لف ئ

faʔʔil ف ئ ل faʔʔilā

اف ئ ل وfaʔʔilū

ئ ل م ف mufaʔʔil

أ ل م ف mufaʔʔal

ف ئ ل fuʔʔila

أ ل ي ف yufaʔʔalu

2f ف ئ ل ي faʔʔilī

ف ئ لن faʔʔilna

sample


sound measure II

masdar: ت فع ئ ة taf3iʔat

other ء ي و

2s(c) R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


ف ع أت 1 fa33aʔtu

ف ع أن اfa33aʔnā

أ ف ع ئ ʔufa33iʔu

ع ئ ن ف nufa33iʔu

2m ف ع أت fa33aʔta ف ع أت م ا

fa33aʔtumā

ف ع أت مfa33aʔtum

ع ئ ت ف tufa33iʔu ئ ان ع ت ف

tufa33iʔāni

ئ ون ع ت ف tufa33iʔūna

2f ف ع أت

fa33aʔti ف ع أت ن

fa33aʔtunna ئ ين ع ت ف

tufa33iʔīna

ئن ع ت ف tufa33iʔna

3m ف ع أ fa33aʔa

ف ع آfa33aʔā

وا ف ع ؤ fa33aʔū

ع ئ ي ف yufa33iʔu

ع ئ ان ي ف yufa33iʔāni

ئ ون ع ي ف yufa33iʔūna

3f ف ع أ ت fa33aʔat

ف ع أ ت اfa33aʔatā

ف ع أن fa33aʔna

ع ئ ت ف tufa33iʔu

ئ ان ع ت ف tufa33iʔāni

ئن ع ي ف yufa33iʔna

subjunctive jussive


1 ئ أ ف ع

ʔufa33iʔa ع ئ ن ف

nufa33iʔa أ ف ع ئ

ʔufa33iʔ

ع ئ ن ف nufa33iʔ

2m ع ئ ت ف tufa33iʔa ا ئ ع ت ف

tufa33iʔā

ئ و ع ات ف tufa33iʔū

ع ئ ت ف tufa33iʔ ا ئ ع ت ف

tufa33iʔā

ئ و ع ات ف tufa33iʔū

2f ع ئ ي ت ف tufa33iʔī


ئ يت ف ع tufa33iʔī


3m ع ئ ي ف yufa33iʔa

ا ئ ع ي ف yufa33iʔā

ئ و ع اي ف yufa33iʔū

ع ئ ي ف yufa33iʔ

ا ئ ع ي ف yufa33iʔā

ئ و ع اي ف yufa33iʔū

3f ع ئ ت ف tufa33iʔa

ا ئ ع ت ف tufa33iʔā


ع ئ ت ف tufa33iʔ

ا ئ ع ت ف tufa33iʔā




2m ف ع ئ fa33iʔ ا ئ ف ع

fa33iʔā

ئ و اف ع fa33iʔū

ع ئ م ف mufa33iʔ

ع أ م ف mufa33aʔ

ف ع ئ fu33iʔa

ع أ ي ف yufa33aʔu

2f ف ع ئ ي fa33iʔī

ئن ف ع fa33iʔna

sample


defective measure II

masdar: ت فع ي ة taf3iyat

other ء ي و

2d R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


ف ع يت 1 fa33aytu

ف ع ين اfa33aynā

أ ف ع ي ʔufa33ī

ع ي ن ف nufa33ī

2m ف ع يت fa33ayta ا ف ع يت م

fa33aytumā

ف ع يت مfa33aytum

ع ي ت ف tufa33ī ي ان ع ت ف

tufa33iyāni

ع ون ت ف tufa33ūna

2f ف ع يت

fa33ayti ف ع يت ن

fa33aytunna ين ع ت ف

tufa33īna

ين ع ت ف tufa33īna

3m ى*ف ع fa33ā

ف ع ي اfa33ayā

ف ع واfa33aw

ع ي ي ف yufa33ī

ي ان ع ي ف yufa33iyāni

ع ون ي ف yufa33ūna

3f ف ع ت fa33at

ف ع ت اfa33atā

ف ع ين fa33ayna

ع ي ت ف tufa33ī

ي ان ع ت ف tufa33iyāni

ين ع ي ف yufa33īna

subjunctive jussive


أ ف ع ي 1 ʔufa33iya

ع ي ن ف nufa33iya

أ ف ع ʔufa33i

ع ن ف nufa33i

2m ع ي ت ف tufa33iya ي ا ع ت ف

tufa33iyā

ع وا ت ف tufa33ū

ع ت ف tufa33i ي ا ع ت ف

tufa33iyā

ع وا ت ف tufa33ū

2f ع ي ت ف tufa33ī


ع ي ت ف tufa33ī


3m ع ي ي ف yufa33iya

ي ا ع ي ف yufa33iyā

ع وا ي ف yufa33ū

ع ي ف yufa33i

ي ا ع ي ف yufa33iyā

ع وا ي ف yufa33ū

3f ع ي ت ف tufa33iya

ي ا ع ت ف tufa33iyā


ع ت ف tufa33i

ي ا ع ت ف tufa33iyā




2m ف ع fa33i ي ا ف ع

fa33iyā

ف ع واfa33ū

ف ع م mufa33(in)

م ف عىmufa33(an)

ف ع ي fu33iya

ي ف ع ىyufa33ā

2f ف ع ي fa33ī

ين ف ع fa33īna

*The 3rd person masculine singular perfect form of ي ا .ـى not ,ـا is irregular in that it is spelled with ح

sample


hamzated defective meas. II

masdar: ي ة taʔ3iyat ت أع

other ء ي و

2d(a) R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


أ ع يت 1 ʔa33aytu

ين ا أ ع ʔa33aynā

ي أ ؤ ع ʔuʔa33ī

ي ن ؤ ع nuʔa33ī

2m ع يت أ ʔa33ayta ا يت م أ ع

ʔa33aytumā

يت م أ ع ʔa33aytum

ي ت ؤ ع tuʔa33ī ي ان ت ؤ ع

tuʔa33iyāni

ت ؤ ع ون tuʔa33ūna

2f أ ع يت

ʔa33ayti يت ن أ ع

ʔa33aytunna ين ت ؤ ع

tuʔa33īna

ين ت ؤ ع tuʔa33īna

3m ىأ ع ʔa33ā

أ ع ي اʔa33ayā

ع واأ ʔa33aw

ي ي ؤ ع yuʔa33ī

ي ان ي ؤ ع yuʔa33iyāni

ي ؤ ع ون yuʔa33ūna

3f أ ع ت ʔa33at

أ ع ت اʔa33atā

أ ع ين ʔa33ayna

ي ت ؤ ع tuʔa33ī

ي ان ت ؤ ع tuʔa33iyāni

ين ي ؤ ع yuʔa33īna

subjunctive jussive


ي 1 أ ؤ ع ʔuʔa33iya

ي ن ؤ ع nuʔa33iya

أ ؤ ع ʔuʔa33i

ن ؤ ع nuʔa33i

2m ي ت ؤ ع tuʔa33iya ي ا ت ؤ ع

tuʔa33iyā

ت ؤ ع واtuʔa33ū

ت ؤ ع tuʔa33i ي ا ت ؤ ع

tuʔa33iyā

ت ؤ ع واtuʔa33ū

2f ي ت ؤ ع tuʔa33ī


يت ؤ ع

tuʔa33ī


3m ي ي ؤ ع yuʔa33iya

ي ا ي ؤ ع yuʔa33iyā

ي ؤ ع واyuʔa33ū

ي ؤ ع yuʔa33i

ي ا ي ؤ ع yuʔa33iyā

ي ؤ ع واyuʔa33ū

3f ي ت ؤ ع tuʔa33iya

ي ا ت ؤ ع tuʔa33iyā


ت ؤ ع tuʔa33i

ي ا ت ؤ ع tuʔa33iyā




2m أ ع ʔa33i ي ا أ ع

ʔa33iyā

أ ع واʔa33ū

م ؤ ع muʔa33(in)

م ؤ عىmuʔa33(an)

ي أ ع

ʔu33iya ع ىؤ ي

yuʔa33ā2f ي أ ع

ʔa33ī ين أ ع

ʔa33īna

sample


sound measure III

masdar: ل ة اع mufā3alat م ف

other ء ي و

3s R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


لت 1 ف اع fā3altu

لن ا ف اع fā3alnā

ل أ ف اع ʔufā3ilu

ل اع ن ف nufā3ilu

2m لت ف اع fā3alta ا لت م ف اع

fā3altumā

لت م ف اع fā3altum

ل اع ت ف tufā3ilu ن ل اع ت ف

tufā3ilāni

ل ون اع ت ف tufā3ilūna

2f لت ف اع fā3alti

لت ن ف اع fā3altunna

ل ين اع ت ف tufā3ilīna

لن ت ف اع tufā3ilna

3m ف اع ل fā3ala

ف اع ل fā3alā

ل وا ف اع fā3alū

ل اع ي ف yufā3ilu

ن ل اع ي ف yufā3ilāni

ل ون اع ي ف yufā3ilūna

3f ل ت ف اع fā3alat

ل ت ا ف اع fā3alatā

لن ف اع fā3alna

ل اع ت ف tufā3ilu

ن ل اع ت ف tufā3ilāni

لن اع ي ف yufā3ilna

subjunctive jussive


ل 1 أ ف اع ʔufā3ila

ل اع ن ف nufā3ila

ل أ ف اع ʔufā3il

ل اع ن ف nufā3il

2m ل اع ت ف tufā3ila ل اع ت ف

tufā3ilā

ل وا اع ت ف tufā3ilū

ل اع ت ف tufā3il ل اع ت ف

tufā3ilā

ل وا اع ت ف tufā3ilū

2f ل ي اع ت ف tufā3ilī

لن اع ت ف tufā3ilna

ل ي اع ت ف tufā3ilī

لن اع ت ف tufā3ilna

3m ل اع ي ف yufā3ila

ل اع ي ف yufā3ilā

ل وا اع ي ف yufā3ilū

ل اع ي ف yufā3il

ل اع ي ف yufā3ilā

ل وا اع ي ف yufā3ilū

3f ل اع ت ف tufā3ila

ل اع ت ف tufā3ilā


ل اع ت ف tufā3il

ل اع ت ف tufā3ilā




2m ل ف اع fā3il ل ف اع

fā3ilā

ل وا ف اع fā3ilū

ل اع م ف mufā3il

اع ل م ف mufā3al

ل ف وع fū3ila

اع ل ي ف yufā3alu

2f ل ي ف اع fā3ilī

لن ف اع fā3ilna

sample


hamzated measure III

masdar: ل ة muʔā3alat م ؤ اع

other ء ي و

3s(a) R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


لت 1 آع ʔā3altu

لن ا آع ʔā3alnā

ل أ ؤ اع ʔuʔā3ilu

ل ن ؤ اع nuʔā3ilu

2m لت آع ʔā3alta ا لت م آع

ʔā3altumā

لت م آع ʔā3altum

ل ت ؤ اع tuʔā3ilu ن ل ت ؤ اع

tuʔā3ilāni

ل ون ت ؤ اع tuʔā3ilūna

2f لت آع

ʔā3alti لت ن آع

ʔā3altunna ل ين ت ؤ اع

tuʔā3ilīna

لن ت ؤ اع tuʔā3ilna

3m آع ل ʔā3ala

آع ل ʔā3alā

ل وا آع ʔā3alū

ل ي ؤ اع yuʔā3ilu

ن ل ي ؤ اع yuʔā3ilāni

ل ون ي ؤ اع yuʔā3ilūna

3f ل ت آع ʔā3alat

ل ت ا آع ʔā3alatā

ل ن آع ʔā3alna

ل ت ؤ اع tuʔā3ilu

ن ل ت ؤ اع tuʔā3ilāni

لن ي ؤ اع yuʔā3ilna

subjunctive jussive


ل 1 أ ؤ اع ʔuʔā3ila

ل ن ؤ اع nuʔā3ila

ل أ ؤ اع ʔuʔā3il

ل ن ؤ اع nuʔā3il

2m ل ت ؤ اع tuʔā3ila ل ت ؤ اع

tuʔā3ilā

ل وا ت ؤ اع tuʔā3ilū

ل ت ؤ اع tuʔā3il ل ت ؤ اع

tuʔā3ilā

ل وا ت ؤ اع tuʔā3ilū

2f ل ي ت ؤ اع tuʔā3ilī


ل ي ت ؤ اع tuʔā3ilī


3m ل ي ؤ اع yuʔā3ila

ل ي ؤ اع yuʔā3ilā

ل وا ي ؤ اع yuʔā3ilū

لي ؤ اع

yuʔā3il ل ي ؤ اع yuʔā3ilā

ل وا ي ؤ اع yuʔā3ilū

3f ل ت ؤ اع tuʔā3ila

ل ت ؤ اع tuʔā3ilā


ل ت ؤ اع tuʔā3il

ل ت ؤ اع tuʔā3ilā




2m ل آع ʔā3il ل آع

ʔā3ilā

ل وا آع ʔā3ilū

ل م ؤ اع muʔā3il

م ؤ اع لmuʔā3al

ل أ وع

ʔū3ila اع ل ؤ ي

yuʔā3alu2f ل ي آع

ʔā3ilī لن آع

ʔā3ilna

sample


quadriliteral measure I

masdar: ف عل ب ة fa3labat

other ء ي و

11s R1

R2

R3

R4

perfect indicative


ف عل بت 1 fa3labtu

ف عل بن اfa3labnā

أ ف عل ب ʔufa3libu

عل ب ن ف nufa3libu

2m ف عل بت fa3labta ف عل بت م ا

fa3labtumā

ف عل بت مfa3labtum

عل ب ت ف tufa3libu عل ب ان ت ف

tufa3libāni

عل ب ون ت ف tufa3libūna

2f ف عل بت

fa3labti ف عل بت ن

fa3labtunna عل ب ين ت ف

tufa3libīna

عل بن ت ف tufa3libna

3m ف عل بfa3laba

ف عل ب اfa3labā

ف عل ب واfa3labū

عل ب ي ف yufa3libu

عل ب ان ي ف yufa3libāni

عل ب ون ي ف yufa3libūna

3f ف عل ب ت fa3labat

ف عل ب ت اfa3labatā

ف عل بن fa3labna

عل ب ت ف tufa3libu

عل ب ان ت ف tufa3libāni

عل بن ي ف yufa3libna

subjunctive jussive


أ ف عل ب 1 ʔufa3liba

عل ب ن ف nufa3liba

أ ف عل ب ʔufa3lib

عل ب ن ف nufa3lib

2m عل ب ت ف tufa3liba عل ب ا ت ف

tufa3libā

عل ب وا ت ف tufa3libū

عل ب ت ف tufa3lib عل ب ا ت ف

tufa3libā

عل ب وا ت ف tufa3libū

2f عل ب ي ت ف tufa3libī


عل ب ي ت ف tufa3libī


3m عل ب ي ف yufa3liba

عل ب ا ي ف yufa3libā

عل ب وا ي ف yufa3libū

عل ب ي ف yufa3lib

عل ب ا ي ف yufa3libā

عل ب وا ي ف yufa3libū

3f عل ب ت ف tufa3liba

عل ب ا ت ف tufa3libā


عل ب ت ف tufa3lib

ع ل ب ات ف tufa3libā




2m ف عل ب fa3lib ف عل ب ا

fa3libā

ف عل ب واfa3libū

عل ب م ف mufa3lib

عل ب م ف mufa3lab

ف عل ب fu3liba

ع ل ب ي ف yufa3labu

2f ف عل ب ي fa3libī

ف عل بن fa3libna

sample


Index

Measure I

1s1 masdar

baɧŧ بحث baɧaŧa search بحث

barā3at براعة bara3a be proficient برع

ba3ŧ بعث ba3aŧa send بعث

bal3 بلع bala3a swallow بلع

bahr بهر bahara overwhelm بهر

ta3asa become تعسmiserable

ta3āsat تعاسة

جحد jaɧada renounce جحد جحود

jaɧd juɧūd

jarɧ جرح jaraɧa injure جرح

jar3 جرع jara3a swallow جرع

ja3l جعل ja3ala make جعل

jam3 جمع jama3a collect جمع

jahd جهد jahada endeavor جهد

جهر jahara be revealed جهر جهار

jahr jihār

xud3at خدعة xada3a deceive خدع

xuɖū3 خضوع xaɖa3a submit خضع

xal3 خلع xala3a take off خلع

xunū3 خنوع xana3a be meek خنع

dabɣ دبغ dabaɣa tan دبغ

da3s دعس da3asa tread دعس

da3m دعم da3ama support دعم

daf3 دفع dafa3a push دفع

dam3 دمع dama3a water دمع

đabɧ ذبح đabaɧa slaughter ذبح

đubūl ذبول đabala wilt ذبل

đahāb ابذه đahaba go ذهب

رجوح rajaɧa outweigh رجح رجحان

rujūɧ rujɧān

raɧīl رحيل raɧala travel رحل

raɖā3at رضاعة raɖa3a suckle رضع

ru3b رعب ra3aba terrify رعب

ra3d رعد ra3ada clap رعد

raf3 رفع rafa3a raise رفع

rukū3 ركوع raka3a kneel ركع

rahn نره rahana pawn رهن

zaɧf زحف zaɧafa crawl زحف

zaxr زخر zaxara abound زخر

zar3 زرع zara3a plant زرع

za3ila become زعلupset

za3al زعل

zuhūr زهور zahara be radiant زهر

zahaqa become زهقbored

زهق زهوق

zahq zuhūq

sibāɧat سباحة sabaɧa swim سبح

saɧb سحب saɧaba pull سحب

saɧj سحج saɧaja scrape سحج

siɧr سحر saɧara enchant سحر

saɧq سحق saɧaqa crush سحق

saf3 سفع safa3a scorch سفع

samāɧ سماح samaɧa allow سمح

šaɧđ شحذ šaɧađa sharpen شحذ

šaɧn شحن šaɧana ship شحن

šarɧ شرح šaraɧa explain شرح

šurū3 شروع šara3a شرع

šuɣl شغل šaɣala fill شغل

شمل šamala include شمل شمول

šam(a)l šumūl

ʂar3 صرع ʂara3a knock down صرع

ʂaf3 صفع ʂafa3a slap صفع

ʂan3 or صنع ʂana3a manufacture صنعʂun3

ɖaɣʈ ضغط ɖaɣaʈa press ضغط

ɖal3 ضلع ɖala3a side ضلع

ʈabx طبخ ʈabaxa cook طبخ

ʈab3 طبع ʈaba3a print طبع

ʈaɧn طحن ʈahana grind طحن

ʈarɧ طرح ʈaraɧa subtract طرح

ʈa3n طعن ʈa3ana stab طعن

ʈumūɧ طموح ʈamaɧa aspire طمح

ʐuhūr ظهور ʐahara appear ظهر

3ajab عجب 3ajiba be amazed عجب

fatɧ فتح fataɧa open فتح

faɧʂ فحص faɧaʂa examine فحص

farāɣ فراغ faraɣa be empty فرغ

faraq فرق fariqa be afraid فرق

sample


faza3 فزع fazi3a be afraid فزع

fasx فسخ fasaxa void, annul فسخ

faɖɧ فضح faɖaɧa disgrace فضح

fa3l or فعل fa3ala do فعل fi3l

falɧ فلح falaɧa split فلح

qar3 قرع qara3a knock قرع

qaʈ3 قطع qaʈa3a cut قطع

qal3 قلع qala3a take off قلع

qam3 قمع qama3a suppress قمع

qahr قهر qahara conquer قهر

kabɧ كبح kabaɧa restrain كبح

kadɧ كدح kadaɧa toil كدح

kasɧ كسح kasaɧa sweep كسح

kamala be كملcompleted

كمال كمول

kamāl or kumūl

ladɣ لدغ ladaɣa sting لدغ

las3 لسع lasa3a sting لسع

la3n لعن la3ana curse لعن

lafɧ لفح lafaɧa burn لفح

lamɧ لمح lamaɧa glance لمح

لمع lama3a shine لمع لمعان

lam3 or lama3ān

لهاث lahaŧa pant لهث لهث

luhāŧ lahŧ

madɧ مدح madaɧa commend مدح

مزاح mazaɧa joke مزح مزح

muzāɧ mazɧ

masɧ مسح masaɧa wipe مسح

maɖɣ مضغ maɖaɣa chew مضغ

malx ملخ malaxa dislocate ملخ

manɧ منح manaɧa provide منح

man3 منع mana3a forbid منع

nubāɧ نباح nabaɧa bark نبح

najāɧ احنج najaɧa succeed نجح

نحب naɧaba weep نحب نحيب

naɧb naɧīb

naɧas نحس naɧasa jinx نحس

nuzūɧ نزوح nazaɧa migrate نزح

naz3 نزع naza3a remove نزع

nasx نسخ nasaxa copy نسخ

نصح naʂaɧa advise نصح نصيحة

naʂɧ or nuʂɧ naʂīɧat

na3t نعت na3ata characterize نعت

na3asa become نعسsleepy

نعاس نعس

nu3ās na3s

naf3 نفع nafa3a be useful نفع

nahb نهب nahaba plunder نهب

nahj نهج nahaja pursue نهج

نهوض nahaɖa get up نهض نهض

nuhūɖ nahɖ

nahīq نهيق nahaqa bray نهق

hara3 هرع hara3a hurry هرع

1s1(a)

ŧaʔr ثأر ŧaʔara avenge ثأر

daʔb دأب daʔaba persist دأب

riʔāsat رئاسة raʔasa head رأس

زئير zaʔara roar زأر زأر

zaʔīr zaʔr

suʔāl سؤال saʔala ask سأل

laʔm ألم laʔama bandage ألم

maʔana provide مأنsupplies

maʔn مأن

1s1(b)

badʔ بدء badaʔa begin بدأ

barʔ برء baraʔa create برأ

خسء xasaʔa drive out خسأ خسوء

xasʔ xusūʔ

درء daraʔa ward off درأ دروء

darʔ durūʔ

ʈarʔ طرء ʈaraʔa happen طرأ

فجاءة fajaʔa surprise فجأ فجأة

fujāʔat fajʔat

qirāʔat قراءة qaraʔa read قرأ

lujūʔ لجوء lajaʔa resort لجأ

malʔ ملء malaʔa fill مأل

nutūʔ نتوء nataʔa protrude نتأ

نشأة našaʔa grow up نشأ نشوء

našʔat nušūʔ

hudūʔ هدوء hadaʔa calm down هدأ

huzʔ هزء hazaʔa mock هزأ

1s2

bađl بذل bađala exert بذل

jadl جدل jadala twist جدل

jađb جذب jađaba attract جذب

jalb جلب jalaba fetch جلب

julūs جلوس jalasa sit جلس

ɧabs حبس ɧabasa imprison حبس

ɧatama make حتمindispensable

ɧatm حتم

ɧajz حجز ɧajaza reserve حجز

ɧađf حذف ɧađafa omit حذف

sample

other ء ي و

R1

R2

R3

perfect indicative


1

2m

2f

3m

3f

subjunctive jussive


1

2m

2f

3m

3f



2m

2f

sample

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