09_literature cited.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
Literature/ cited/
LITERATURE CITED
Ahmed, K.K.M., Rana, A.C and Dixit, V.K. 2005. Calotropis species (Ascelpediaceae):
A comprehensive review. Pharmcicog. Maga., 1(1): 48-52.
Ahmed, U.A.M., Zuhua, S., Bashier, N.H.H., Muafi ,K., Zhongping, H and Yuling, G.
2006. Evaluation of insecticidal potentialities of aqueous extracts from Calotropis
procera ait. against Henosepilachna elaterii rossi. J. Applied Sci., 6(1): 2466-
2470.
Akinmoladun, A.C., Ibukun, E.O., Afor, E., Akinrinlola B.L., Onibon, T.R., Akinboboye,
A.O., Obuotor, E. M and Farombi, E.O. 2007. Chemical constituents and
antioxidant activity of Alstonia boonei. Ajr. J. Biotechnol., 6: 1197-1201.
Anderson, C.R. 1953. Continuous propagation of Plasmodium gallinaceum in chicken
erythrocytes. Am. J. Prop. Med. Hyg., 2: 234-242.
Anisuzzaman, M., Rahman A.H.M.M., Rashid, H.O.M., Naderuzzaman, A.T.M and
Islam, A.K.M.R. 2007. An ethnobotanical study of Madhupur, Tangail. J Appl.
Sci. Res., 3:519-530.
Aniszewski, T. 2007. Alkaloids - Secrets of Life: Alkaloid Chemistry, Biological
Significance, Applications and Ecological Role. Elsevier B.V., Oxford, The
Netherland. pp 2-5.
145
Literature- citedL
Anonymous, 1969. The Wealth of India, Raw Materials, Yol. VIII. Publications and
information directorate, CSIR, New Delhi.
Anonymous, 1970. Hamdard Pharmacopoeia of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard National
Foundation, Pakistan 2nd Impression, pp 373.
Ansari, S.H and Ali, M. 2001. Norditerpenic ester and pentacyclic triterpenoids from root
bark of Calotropisprocera (Ait) R. Br. Pharmazie., 56 (2): 175-177.
Arambewela, L.S.R and Madawela, G. 2001. Alkaloids from Rauvolfia canescens, Phar.
Bio., 39(3): 239-240.
Arzel, E., Rocca, P., Grellier, P., Labaeid, M., Frappier, F., Gueritte, F,, Gaspard, C.,
Marsais, F., Godard, A and Queguiner, G. 2001. New synthesis of Benzo-5-
carbolines, cryptolepines, and their salts: in vitro cytotoxic, antiplasmodial and
antitrypanosomal activities of §-carbolines, benzo-8-carbolines and
cryptolepines. J. Med. Chem., 44: 949-960.
Asahi, H and Kanazawa, T. 1994. Continuous cultivation of intraeiythrocytic
Plasmodium falciparum in a serum-free medium with the use of a growth-
promoting factor. Parasitology., 109:397-401.
Asyaz, S., Khan, F.U., Hussain, I., Khan M.A and Khan, I.U. 2010. Evaluation of
chemical analysis profile of Citrullus colocynthis growing in Southern Areas of
Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan, World Applied Sciences Journal, 10 (4): 402-
405.
146
I
L Werature/ cited/
Azhar, U.H and Abdul, M. 2004. “Enzymes Inhibiting Lignans from Vitex negrndo”.
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin., 52 (11): 1269-1272.
Bannister, L.H. 2001. Looking for the exit: How do malaria parasites escape from red
blood cells? PNAS., 98 (2): 3 83-3 84.
Bansod, M.S., Kagathara, V.G and Somkuwar, A.D. 2010. Evaluation of Analgesics and
Anti-inflammatory Activity of a Poly-Herbal Formulation. International Journal
ofPharmTech Research., 2 (2): 1520-1527.
Banzouzi, J.T., Prado, R., Menan, H., Valentin, A., Roumestan, C,, Mallie, M., Pelissier,
Y and Blache, Y. 2004. Studies on medicinal plants of Ivory Coast: investigation
of Sida acuta for in vitro antiplasmodial activities and identification of an active
constituent. Phytomedicine., 11: 338-341.
Barbehenn, R.V and Constabel, • C.P. 2011. Tannins in plant-herbivore interactions.
Phytochemistry., 72: 1551-1565.
Basco, L., Bickii, J and Ringwald, P. 1998. In vitro activity of lumefantrine (benflumetol)
against clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in Yaounde, CamerooL
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 42: 2347-2351.
Bass, C.C and Johns, F.M. 1912. The cultivation of malarial plasmodia {Plasmodium
vivax and Plasmodium falciparum) in vitro. J. Exp. Med., 16: 567-579.
147
literature/ cited/
Basu, A and Chaudhuri, A.K. 1991. Preliminary studies on the anti-inflammatoiy and
analgesic activities of Calotropis procera root extract. Journal o f
Ethnopharmacology., 31(3): 319-324.
Beckmann, H. 1958. In Antimalarial Drugs: Their Nature, Action and Use. W.B.
Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 529-533.
Bektas, T., Dimitra, D., Atalay, S., Munewer, S and Moschos, P. 2005. Antimicrobial
and antioxidant activites of essential oil and various extracts of Salvia iomentosa
Miller. Food Chemistry., 90: 333-40. 1
Berry, J.P., McFerren, M.A and Rodriguez, E. 1995. Zoopharmacognosy: a "biorational"
strategy for phytochemical prospecting. In: Phytochemicals and Health. Gustine,
D.L and Flores, H (Eds.), ASPP, Rockville, pp. 165-178.
Bhakta, D and Ganjewala, D. 2009. Effect of Leaf Positions on Total Phenolics,
Flavonoids and Proantho-cyanidins Content and Antioxidant Activities in
Lantana camara (L). J Sci. Res., 1(2): 363-369.
Bharel, S., Gulati, A., Abdin, M.Z., Srivastava, P.S and Jain, S.K. 1996. Structure,
biosynthesis and functions of artemisinin. Fitoterapia., 67: 387-399
Bhawani, S.A., Sulaiman, O., Hashim, R and Ibrahim, M.N.M. 2010. Thin-Layer
Chromatographic Analysis of Steroids: A Review. Tropical Journal o f
Pharmaceutical Research., 9(3): 301-313
148
L Cterature> cited/
Bhishagratna, K.K. 1907. An English Translation of the Sushruta Sanmhita, Vol. I,
published by the author, Calcutta.
Bierer, D.E., Dubenko, L.G., Zhang, P., Lu, Q., Imbach, P.A., Garofalo, A.W., Phuan,
P.W., Fort, D.M., Litvak, J., Gerber, R.E., Sloan, B., Luo, J., Cooper, R and
Reaven, G.M. 1998. Antihyperglycemic activities of cryptolepine analogues: an
ethnobotanical lead structure isolated from Cryptolepis sanguinolenta. J. Med.
Chem., 41: 2754-2764.
Binh, V.Q., Luty, A.F and Kremsner, P.G. 1997. Differential effects of human serum and
cells on the growth of Plasmodium falciparum adapted to serum-free in vitro
culture conditions. Am. J. Prop. Med. Hyg., 57:594-600.
Blackman, M. 2000. Proteases involved in erythrocyte invasion by the malaria parasite:
function and potential as drug targets. Curr. Drug Targets., 1:59-83.
Brueckner, R.P., Ohrt, C. Baird, J.K and Milhous W.K. 2001. 8-Aminoquinolines,
Antimalarial Chemotherapy, Infectious Disease., pp 123-151.
Bynum, W. F and Porter, R. (Eds.) 1994. Companion Encyclopedia of the History of
Medicine. Vol. I. London and New York.
Chandramu, C., Manohar, R.D., Krupadanam, D.G.L and Dashavantha, R.V. 2003.
Isolation characterization and biological activity of betulinic acid and ursolic acid
from Vitex negundo L. Phytother. Res., 17: 129-134.
149
L Cterccture/ cited/
Chaudhaiy, S.A and Al-Jowaid, A.A. 1999. Vegetation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
National Agriculture and Water Research Center. Ministry of Agriculture and
Water Research Centre. Ministry of Agriculture and Water. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,
pp 689.
Chawla, A.S., Sharrna, A.K and Handa, S.S. 1992. Chemical investigation and
antiinflammatory activity of Vitex negrndo seeds. J. Nat. Prod., 55: 163-167.
Cheeke, P.R. 1998. Toxins intrinsic to forages. In Natural Toxicants in Feeds, Forages
and Poisonous Plants. Cheeke, P. R., (Ed) Interstate Publishers, Danville, IL, pp
275-324.
Chen, C.R., Chaob, L.H., Pane, M.H., Liaob, Y.W and Chang, C.I. 2007. Tocopherols
and Triterpenoids from Sida acuta. Journal o f the Chinese Chemical Society., 54:
41-45.
Chopra, R.N and Chopra, I.C. 2006. Chopra’s indeginious drugs of India. Academic
publisher third reprint Kolkata, India. 128-129..
Chopra, R.N., Ayer, S.L and Chopra, I.C. 1992. Glossary of Indian medicinal Plants.
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi. 150.
Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L and Chopra, I.C. 1956. Glossary of Indian medicinal plants.
New Delhi: CISR., 256.
Chwatt, LJ.B. 1985. Essential Malariology, 2nd Edi. Heinemann, London, pp 2-120
150
literature/ cited/
Cimpoiu, C. 2006. Analysis of some natural antioxidants by thin-layer chromatography
and high performance thin-layer chromatography. Journal o f Liquid
Chromatography & Related Technologies., 29: 1125- 1142.
Ciocan, I.D and Bara, I.I. 2007. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Scientific Annals
of University "Alexandru loan Cuza" Genetics and Molecular Biology Section,
TOMVHI,
Clough, B and Wilson, R.J.M. 2001. Antibiotics and the Plasmodial Plastid Organelle. In:
Antimalarial Chemotherapy. Mechanisms of Action, Resistance, and New
Directions in Drug Discovery. P. Rosenthal. (Ed.) Humana Press, Totowa, New
Jersey.: 265-286.
Crabb, B.S., Cooke, B.M., Reeder, J.C., Waller, R.F., Caruana, S.R., Davem, K.M.,
Wickham, M.E., Brown, G.V., Coppel, R.L and Cowman, A.F. 1997. Targeted
gene disruption shows that knobs enable malaria-infected red cells to cytoadhere
under physiological shear stress. Cell., 89:287-296.
Cragg, G.M. 1998. Paclitaxel (Taxol): a success story with valuable lessons for natural
product drug discovery and development. Med. Res. Rev., 18: 315-331.
Cragg, G.M., Boyd, M.R., Grever, M.R and Schepartz S.A. 1995. Pharmaceutical
prospecting and the potential for pharmaceutical crops - Natural product drug
discovery at the United States National Cancer Institute. Ann. Missouri Bot.
Gard., 82: 47-53.
!151
literature/ cited/
Craig, A and Scherf, A. 2001. Molecules on the surface of the Plasmodium falciparum
infected erythrocyte and their role in malaria pathogenesis and immune evasion.
Mol Biochem. Parasitol., 115: 129-143.
Cranmer, S.L., Magowan, C., Liang, J., Coppel, L and Cooke, B.M. 1997. An alternative
to serum for cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum. Trans. R. Soc. Prop. Med.
Hyg., 91: 363-365.
Day, M.D., Wiley, C.J., Playford, J and Zalucki, M.P. 2003. Lantana: Current
Management, Status and Future Prospects. Australian Centre for International
Agricultural Research, Canberra, Australia.
Deitsch, K.W and Wellems, T.E. 1996. Membrane modifications in erythrocytes
parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol., 76: 1-10.
Desai, S., Bezrukov, S and Zimmerberg, J. 2000. A voltage-dependent channel involved
in nutrient uptake by red blood cells infected with the malaria parasite. Naturq.,
406: 1001-1005.
Desjardins, R.E., Canfield, C.J., Haynes, J.D and Chulay, J.D. 1979. Quantitative
assessment of antimalarial activity in vitro by a semiautomated microdilution
techniquq . Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 16(6): 710-718.
Dhalwal, K., Deshpande, Y.S and Purohit, A.P. 2007. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant
activity of Sida rhombifolia (L.) sps. Retusa (L.). J Med Food., 10: 683-688.
152
L Cterature^ cited/
Dhar, M.L., Dhar, M.M., Dhawan, B.N., Mehrotra, B.N and Ray, C. 1968. Screening of
Indian plants for biological activity. Part- I. Indian Journal o f Experimental
Biology., 6: 232-247.
Dharmasiri, M.G., Jayakody, J.R.A.C., Galhena, G., L'iyanage, S.S.P and Ratnasooriya,
W.D. 2003. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of mature fresh leaves of
Vitex negundo. J. Ethnopharmacol., 87; 199-206. j
Dhiman, R.C., Pillai,C.R and Subbarao, S.K. 2001. Investigation of epidemic foci of
malaria in Behraich Dist. (U.P). Indian Journal o f Medical Research., 113:186-
191.
Dhingra, V., Rao, K.V and Narasu, M.L. 2000. Current status of artemisinin and its
derivatives as antimalarial drugs. Life ScL, 66: 279-300.
Diez-Silva, M., Park, Y., Huang, S., Bow, H., Mercereau-Puijalon, O., Deplaine, G.,
Lavazec, C.,’Perrot, S., Bonnefoy, S., Feld, M.S., Han, J., Dao, M and Suresh, S.
2012. PH55/RESA protein influences the dynamic microcirculatoiy behavior of
ring-stage Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells. Scientific Reports.,
2:614.
Dong, K.S., Wang, K.Q., Dong, Y.F. 1998. Xian dai Lin Chauang Zhong Yao Xue
{contemporary Clinincal Chinese Materia Medica }. Beijing: Zhig Guo Zhong Yi
Yao Press.
153
Literature/ cited/
i
Dowd, N.A.O., McCauley, P.G., Wilson, G., Parnell, J.A.N., Kavanagh, T.A.K and
McConnell, D.J. 1998. Ephedra Species: In vitro Culture, Micropropagation, and
the Production of Ephidrine and other Alkaloids. Biotechnolgy in Agriculture and
forestry., 41: 154-193.
Dubey, V.K and Jagannadham, M.V. 2003. Procerain, a stable cysteine protease from the
latex of Calotropisprocera. Phytochemistry., 62: 1057-1071.
Dunn, C.R., Banfield, M.J., Barker, J.J., Higham, C.W., Moreton, K.M., Leo Brady, D.R
and Holbrook, J J . 1996. The structure of lactate dehydrogenase from Plasmodium
falciparum reveals a new target for anti-malarial design. Nature Struct. Biol., 3;
912-915.
Dutta, G.P. 1995.Challenges of drug resistance reversal. J.Parasitic Dis.,: 5-8.
Edwards, R and Gatehouse, J.A 1999. Secondary Metabolism. In: Plant Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology. P.J. Lea and R.C Leegood (Eds.). John Wiley and Sons Ltd.,
Chichester, West Sussex, pp 193-218.
Evans, J.S., Pattison, E and Morris, P 1986. Antimicrobial agents from plant cell culture.
In: Secondary Metabolites in plant cell culture. P. Morris, A. Scraggs, A.
Stanfford, and M. Fowler, (Eds.). Cambridge University, London, pp 47-52.
Ezzet, F., Vugt, M. V., Nosten, F., Looareesuwan, S and White, N. 2000.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lumefantrine (benflumetol) in acute
falciparum malaria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 44: 697-704.
154
L i t e r a t o r e / c ite d /
Facchini, P J., Huber-Allanach, K.L and Tari, L.W. 2000. Plant aromatic L-amino acid
decarboxylases: Evolution, biochemistry, regulation and metabolic engineering
applications. Phytochemistry., 54: 121-138.
Faisal, M and Anis, M. 2002. Rapid in vitro propagation of Rauvolfia tetraphylla L: A
endangered medicinal plant. J. Physiol and Mol Biol, o f Plants., 8(2): 295-299.
Fichera, M and Roos, D. 1997. A plastid organelle as a drug target in apicomplexan
parasites. Nature., 390: 407-409.
Figtree, B. M., Lee, R., Bain, L., Kennedy, T., Mackertich, S., Urban, M., Cheng, Q and
Hudson, B. J. 2010. Plasmodium knowlesi in Human., Indonesian Borneo,
Emerging Infectious Diseases., 16(4): 672-674.
Flores, M.C., Berger-Eiszele, S.M and Stuart, T.S. 1997. Long-term cultivation of
Plasmodium falciparum in media with commercial non-serum supplements.
Parasitol. Res., 83:734-736.
Forestieri, A.M., Monfarle, M.T., Roqusa, S and Trovato, A. 1996. Antiinflammatory,
analgesic and antipyretic activity in rodents of plant extracts used in African
medicine. Phytotherapy Res., 10: 100-106.
Freeman, D.C., Klikoff, L.G and Harper, K.T. 1976. Differential resource utilization by
the sexes of dioecious plants. Science., 193: 597-599.
Freitag, H and Maier-Stolte, M. 2003. The genus Ephedra in NE Tropical Africa, Kew
Bulletin., 415-426.
155
L Cterocture/ oCtecL
Ganesh, T., Saikat, S., Thilagan, E., Thamotharan, G., Loganathan, T and Chakroborty,
R. 2010, Pharmacognostic and anti-hyperglycemic evaluation of Lantana camara
var. aculeate leaves in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats, Int. Jour. Res. Pharm.
Sci„ 1: 247-252.
Gbile, Z. O. 1986. ‘Ethnobotany, taxonomy and Conservation of medicinal plants.’ In:
“The state of medicinal plants research in Nigeria”. Sofowora, A (Ed.) University
of Ibadan Press, Nigeria, ppl3-29.
Genton, B and D'Acremont, V. 2001. Clinical features of malaria in returning travelers
and migrants. In: Travelers' malaria. P. Schlagenhauf (Ed.). Hamilton: BC
Decker: 371-392.
Ghani, A. (Ed.) 2003. Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh with Chemical Constituents and
Uses. 2nd Ed. (Asiatic militaiy press, Dhaka, 1000)., 350-351.
Ghisalberti, E.L. 2000. Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae). Fitaterapia., 71: 467-486.
Goldberg, D.E. 2005. Hemoglobin degradation. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol, 295:
275-91.
Golenda, C. F,, Li, J and Rosenberg, R. 1997. Continuous in vitro propagation of the
malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax. Proc. Natl. Acad. Set, 94: 6786-6791.
Greenwood, B.M., Bojang, K., Whitty, C.J and Targett, G.A. 2005. Malaria. Lancel.,
365: 1487-1498.
156
U£era£ur& cCted/
Gregson, A and Plowe, C.V. 2005. Mechanisms of Resistance of Malaria Parasites to
Antifolates. Pharmacol Rev., 57:117-145.
Grellier, P., Rigomier, D., Clavey, V., Fruchart, J. C and Schrevel, J. 1991. Lipid traffic
between high density lipoproteins and Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood
cells. Journal o f Cell Biology., 112:267-277.
Griffiths, M.J., Ndungn, F , Baird, K.L., Muller, D.P., Marsh, K and Newton, C.R. 2001.
Newton Oxidative stress and erythrocyte damage in Kenyan children with severe
Plasmodium falciparum malaria. British Journal o f Haematology., 113(2): 486-
491
Groff, G.W and Clark, G.W. 1928. The botany of Ephedra in relation to the yield of
physiologically active substances. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 14:247-282.
Gunatilaka, A.A., Sotheeswaran, S., Balasubramaniam, S., Chandrasekara, A.I and
Badrasriyani, H.T. 1980. Studies on medicinal plant of Sri Lanka, Part III
pharmacologically important alkaloids of some Sida species., Planta Med., 39:66.
Hall, C. A and Cuppett, S. L. 1997. Structure-activities of natural antioxidants. In:
Antioxidant Methodology In vivo and In vitro Concepts, Aruoma, O. I., and
Cuppett, S. L. (Eds.)., Champaign, IL: AOCS Press, pp 2-29.
Halliwell, B., Muicia, M.A., Chirico, S and Aruome, O. I. (1995). Free Radicals and
Antioxidants in Food and Invivo: What they do and how they work. Crit. Rev.
Food. Sci. Nutri., 35:7-20.
157
Literature/ cited/
Harbome, J.B 1984. A Guide to Modem Techniques of Plant Analysis. In; Phytochemical
methods. 3rd Ede. Harbome, J.B. (Ed.) Chapman and Hall, Hong Kong.
Harbome, J.B. 1973. Phytochemical Methods: A guide to modem techniques of plant
analysis. Chapman and Hall, New York. S
Harbome, J.B. 1998. ‘Phytochemical methods: A guide to modem technique of plant
analysis’, Champman and Hall, London.
Hellgren, U., Berggreb-Palme, I., Bergqvist, Y and Jerling, M. 1997. Enantioselective
pharmacokinetics of mefloquine during long-term intake of the prophylactic dose.
Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 44: 119 -124.
Hossan, M.S., Hanif, A., Agarwala, B., Sarwar, M.S., Karim, M., Taufiq-Ur-Rahman, M.
Jahan, R and Rahmatullah, M. 2010. Traditional Use of Medicinal Plants in
Bangladesh to Treat Urinary Tract Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
Ethnobotany Research and Applications., 8: 61-74.
Hui, G.S, Palmer, K.L and Siddique, W.A. 1984. Use of human plasma for continuous in
vitro cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum. Transaction o f Royal Society o f
tropical medicine andHygeine., 78(5):625-26.
Hussain, J., Khan, F.U., Ullah, R., Muhammad, Z., Rehman, N.U., Shinwari, Z.K., Khan,
I.U., Zohaib, M., Din, I.U and Hussain, A.M, 2011. Nutrient Evaluation and
Elemental Analysis of Four Selected Medicinal Plants of Khyber Pakhtoon Khwa,
Pakistan. Pak. J, Bot., 43(1): 427-434.
158
L Ctera£ure> cCt&cU
Isaac A.K., Nancy, A., Augustine, D and Kofi, A. 2009. Screening of Some Ghanaian
Medicinal Plants for Phenolic Compounds and Radical Scavenging Activities.
Pharmacognosy Journal, 5(1): 3.
Iswantini, D., Darusman, L.K and Ramdhan, H. 2007. Indonesian Sidaguri {Sida
rhombifolia L.) as Antigout and Inhibition Kinetics of Flavonoids Crude Extract
on the Activity of Xanthine Oxidase. Journal o f Biological Sciences., 9(5) 504-
508
Jadhav, A.N., Rumalla, C.S., Avula, B and Khan, LA. 2007. HPTLC Method for
determination of 20 - Hydroxyecdysone in Sida rhombifolia L. And dietary
supplements. Chromatographia., 66; 797-800.
Jain, S.C., Sharma, R., Jain, R and Sharma, R.A. 1996. Antimicrobial activity of
Calotropisprocera. Fitoterapia., 67: 275-277.
Jancy Rani P.M., Kannan P.S.M and Kumravel, S. 2011. GC-MS analysis of Lantana
camara L. Leaves. International journal o f Pharmaceutical Research and
Development., 2(11): 9.
Jensen, J.B. 1979. Some aspects of serum requirements for continuous cultivation of
Plasmodium falciparum. Bull. WHO., 57(Suppl.l):27-31.
Jensen, J.B. 1988. In vitro cultivation of malaria parasites: Erythrocytic stages. In
Principles and Practice of Malariology. Wemsdorfer, W.H and McGregor, I.A
(Eds) Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, United Kingdom 1: 307-320.
159
Literature/ cited/
Joshi, R., Sharma, A and Jat, B.A. 2009. Analysis of antioxidant activity in extracts of
Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. Journal o f Applied Biosciences., 17: 899 - 903
Kamath, J.V and Rana, A.C. 2002. Preliminary study on antifertility activity of
Calotropis procera roots in female rats. Fitoterapia., 73 (2): 111-115.
Kanwall, A., Mehla, J., Kunchal, M., Naidul, V.M., Gupta, Y.K and Sistla, R. 2010. Anti-
Amnesic Activity of Vitex negtmdo in Scopolamine Induced Amnesia in Rats.
Pharmacology and Pharmacy., 1:1-8.
Kappes, B., Doerig, C and Graeser, R. 1999. An overview of Plasmodium protein
kinases.Parasitol. Today., 15: 449-454.
Kapur, V., Pillai, K.K., Hussain, S.Z and Balani, D.K. 1994. Hepatoprotective activity of
'JIGRINE' (an Unani polypharmaceutical herbal formulation) on liver damage and
lipid peroxidation caused by alcohol-carbon tetrachloride tet-ra-chlo-riden. A
chemical compound containing four chlorine atoms per molecule and paracetamol
in rats. Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 56: 160.
Kareem, S.O., Akpan, I and Ojo, O.P. 2008. Antimicrobial activites of Calotropis
procera on selected pathogenic Microorganims. African Journal o f Biomedical
Research., 11: 105-110.
Karou, D., Dicko, M.H., Sanon, S., Simpore, J and Traore, S.A. 2003. Antimalarial
activity of Sida acuta BURMF L. (Malvaceae) and Pterocarpus erinaceus POIR
(Fabaceae) J. Ethnopharmacol., 89:291-294.
160
L iterature/ cCted/
Karou, D., Dicko, M.H., Simpore, J and Traore, A.S. 2005. Antioxidant and antibacterial
activities of polyphenols from ethnomedicinal plants of Burkina Faso. Afr. J.
Biotechnoh, 4: 823-828.
Kaschula, C. H., Egan, T. J., Hunter, R., Basilico, N., Parapini, S., Taramelli, D., Pasini,
E and Monti, D. 2002. Structure-activity relationships in 4-aminoquinoline
antiplasmodials. The role of the group at the 7-position. J. Med. Chem., 45: 3531-
3539.
Khare, C.P. 2007. Indian Medicinal Plants. An illustrated Dictionary, Springer Science
and Business Media, pp 710.
Kholkute, S.D., Munshi, S.R., Naik, S.D and Jathar, V.S. 1978. Antifertility activities of
indigenous plants, Sida carpinifolia and podocarpus brevifolius, in female rats.
Ind. J. Exp. Biol., 16: 696-698.
Kirk, K. 2001. Membrane transport in the malaria-infected erythrocyte. Physiol. Rev., 81:
495-537.
Kiszewski, A., Mellinger, A., Spielman, A., Malaney, P., Sachs, S.E and Sachs, J. 2004.
A global index representing the stability of malaria transmission. Am. J. Tro|>.
Med. Hyg., 70:486-98.
Klita, P.T., Mathison, G.W., Fenton, T.W and Hardin, R.T. 1996. Effects of alfalfa root
saponins on digestive function in sheep. J. Anim. Sci., 74: 1144-1156.
161
L Cterature/ cited/
Konate, K., Mavoungou, J.F., Ouedraogo, M., Lepengue, A.N., Souza, A., Barro, N and
M’Batchi, B. 2012. Preliminary toxicity study, anti-nociceptive and anti
inflammatory properties of extracts from Sida rhombifolia L. (Malvaceae). Int. J.
Pharmac. Sci. and Res., Vol. 3(9): 3136-3145
Konate, K., Souza, A., Coulibaly, A.Y., Meda, N.T.R. and Kiendrebeogo M. Lamien-
Meda, A., Millogo-Rasolodimby, J., Lamidi, M and Nacoulma, O.G. 2010. In
vitro antioxidant, lipoxygenase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of
fractions from Cienfuegosia digitata Cav., Sida alba L. and Sida acuta Bum £
(Malvaceae). P a t J. Biol. Sci., 13: 1092-1098.
1Kumar, P.P., Kumaravel, S and Lalitha, C. 2010. Screening of antioxidant activity, total
phenolics and GC-MS study of Vitex negundo. African Journal o f Biochemistry
Research., 4(7): 191-195.
Kumar, Y.L and Basu, N. 1994. Anti-inflammatory activity of the latex of Calotropis
procera. J. EthnopharmacoL, 44: 123-125.
Lai, S.D., Kumar, P and Pannu, D.S. 1985. Quercetin-3-rutinoside in Calotropis procera.
J. Sci. Res., 1 (1): 141-142.
Lambros, C and Vanderberg, J.P. 1979. Synchronization of Plasmodium falciparum
eiythrocytic stages in culture. J. Parasitol., 65(3):418-420.
Lanhers, M.C., Joyeux, M,, Soulimani, R., Fleurentin, J., Sayag, M., Mortier, F., Younos,
C., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Hartley, D., Klassen, C.D., Shehin-Johnson, S.E., Lucas, A
162
Literature' cited/
and Cohen, S.D. 1999. Metallothionein-I/II knockout mice are sensitive to
acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity. The Journal o f Pharmacology at\d
experimental therapeutics., 289:580-586.
Leaman, D.J., Arnason, J.T., Yusuf, R., Sangat-Roemantyo, H., Soedjito, H., Angerhofer,
C.K and Pezzuto, J.M. 1995. Malaria remedies of the Kenyah of the Apo Kayan,
East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo: a quantitative assessment of local consensus
as an indication of biological efficacy. J. Ethnopharmacol, 49:1-16.
Lell, B., Ruangweerayut, R., Wiesner, J., Missinou, M. A., Schindler, A., Baranek, T.,
Hintz, M., Hutchinson, D., Jomaa, H and Kremsner, P. G. 2003. Fosmidomycin, a
novel chemotherapeutic agent for malaria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 47:
735-738.
Lew, V.L., Tiffert, T and Ginsburg, H. 2003. Excess hemoglobin digestion and the
osmotic stability of Plasmodium falciparum infected red blood cells. Blood.,
101(10): 4189-94.
Lewis, W.H and Elvin-Lewis, M.P. 1995. Medicinal plants as sources of new
therapeutics. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 82: 16-24.
Ling, Y. 1995. A new compendium of Materia Medica. Beijing., Science Press.
Lingnau, A., Margos, G., Maier, W.A and Seitz, H.M. 1994. Serum-free cultivation of
several Plasmodium falciparum strains. Parasitol. Res., 80:84-86.
163
L fflzrature/ c&ed/
Liogier, H.A. 1994. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent Islands. Editorial de la
Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR., 3: 461.
Lisgarten, J.N., Coll, M., Portugal, J., Wright, C.W and Aymami, J. 2002. The
antimalarial and cytotoxic drug cryptolepine intercalates into DNA at cytosine-
cytosine sites. Nat. Struct Biol., 9: 57-60.
Liu, J. 1995. Review- Pharmacology of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. J.
Ethnopharmacol., 49:57-68.
Looareesuwan, S., Chulay, J., Canfield,- C and Hutchinson, D. 1999. Malarone
(atovaquone and proguanil hydrochloride): a review of its clinical development
for treatment of malaria. Malarone Clinical Trials Study Group. Am. J. Trap. Med.
Hyg., 60: 533-541.
Lowry, O.H., Rosenbrough, N.J., Farr, A.L and Randall, R.J. 1951. Protein measurement
with the Folk Phenol Reagent, J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265-275.
Lu, C.D and Jorgensen, N.A. 1987. Alfalfa saponins affect site and extent of nutrient
digestion in ruminants. J. Nutr., 117: 919- 927..
Luxemburger, C., Ricci, F., Nosten, F., Raimond, D., Bathet, S and White, N.J. 1997.
The epidemiology of severe malaria in an area of low transmission in Thailand.
Transactions o f the Royal Society o f Tropical Medicine and Hygiene., 91(3): 256-
262.
164
literatures cited/
Macreadie, I., Ginsburg, H., Sirawarapom-, W and Tilley, L. 2000. Antimalarial drug
development and new targets. Parasitology Today., 16(10): 438-44.
Mahato, S.B., Ganguly, A.N and Sahu, N.P. 1982. Review: steroid saponins.
Phytochemistry., 21: 959-978.
Malik, A., Haq, A-U., Khan, M.T.H., Haq, A-U., Khan,.S.B., Ahmad, A and Choudhary,
M.1.2005. Tyrosinase inhibitory lignans from the methanol extract of the roots of
Vitex negundo Linn. And their structure-activity relationship. Phytomedicine.,
13(4): 255-260.
Marco, B.A. 2007. Synthesis and Characterization of Glycosides. Springer. Mexico,
ISBN 978-0-387-26251-2. pp 308-313.
Marzouk, B., Marzouk, Z., Decor, R,, Edziri, H., Haloui, E and Fenina, N. 2009.
Antibacterial and anticandidal screening of Tunisian Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.
Medenine. J Ethnopharmacol, 125:344-9.
Mayer, D.C., Cofie, J., Jiang, L., Hart, D.L., Tracy, E., Kabat, J., Mendoza, L.H and
Miller, L.H. 2009. Glycophorin B is the erythrocyte receptor of Plasmodium
falciparum erythrocyte-binding ligand, EBL-1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,
106(13):5348-52.
McCormick, G.J., Canfield, C.J and Willet, G.P. 1971. Plasmodium knowlesi: In vitro
evaluation of antimalarial activity of folic acid inhibitors. Experimental
Parasitology., 30 (1): 88-93.
165t
L Cterccture/ cCted/
Menard, D., Djalle, R., Yapou, F.} Manirakiza, A and Talarmin, A. 2006. Frequency
distribution of antimalarial drug-resistant alleles among isolates of Plasmodium
falciparum in Bangui. Central African Republic American Journal o f Tropical
Medicine and Hygiene., 74(2): 205-210.
Mewari, N and Kumar, P. 2011. Evaluation of antifungal potential of Marchantia
polymorpha L., Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott and Ephedra foliata Boiss.
against phyto fungal pathogens. Archives o f Phytopathology and Plant
Protection., 44(8): 804-812.
Miller, L. H. 1977. Hypothesis on the mechanism of erythrocyte invasion by malaria
merozoites. Bulletin o f the World Health Organization., 55 (2-3): 157-162.
Miller, L.H., Ailcawa, M., Johnson, J.G and Shiroishi, T. 1979. Interaction between
cytochalasin B-treated malarial parasites and erythrocytes: attachment and
junction formation. J. Exp. Med., 149:172-184.
Mishra, L.N., Dixit, A.K and Sharma, R.P. 1997. High concentration of hepatoprotectiveI
oleanolic acid and its derivatives in Lantana camara roots. Planta Med., 63:582.
Moore, G.E., Gemer, R.E and Franklin H.A. 1967. Culture of Normal Human
Leukocytes. J.A.M.A., 199: 519-524.
Morcelle, S.R., Caffmi, N.O and Priolo, N. 2004. Proteolytic properties of Funastrum
clausum latex. Fitoterapia., 75: 480-93.
166
Literature' cited/
Muanza, D.N., Kim, B.W., Euler, K.L and Williams, L. 1994. Antibactarial and
antifungal activities of nine medicinal plants from Zaire. Int. J. Pharmacog., 32:
337-345.
Mukherjee, T. 1991. Antimalarial herbal drugs. A review. Fitoterapia., 62: 197-204.
Mulchay, M.F. 1970. Blood values in the pike Esox lucius L. Journal o f Fish Biology.,
2(3): 203-209.
Murphy, G.S and Oldfield,- E.C. 1996. Falciparum malaria. Infect. Dis. Clin. North A d.,
10:747-775.
Nacoulma, O.G. 1996. Medicinal plants and their traditional uses in Burkina faso. Ph.D.
Thesis, University of Ouagadougou.
Nmila, R., Gross, R., Rchid, M., Manteghetti, M., Petit, P., Tijane, M., Ribes, G and
Sauvarie, Y. 2000. Insulin tropic effect of Citrullus colocynthis fruit extracts.
Planta Med., 66:418-423.
Noedl, H., Allmendinger, T., Prajakwong, S., Wemsdorfer, G and Wernsdorfer, W. 2001.
Desbutylbenflumetol - A novel antimalarial compound: in vitro activity in fresh
isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from Thailand. Antimicrob. Agents
Chemother., 45: 2106-2109.
Oakes, A.J and Butcher, J.O. 1962. Poisonous and injurious plants of the U.S. Virgin
Islands. Miscellaneous Publication No. 882, Issued April Wahington D.C
167
\Literature* cited/
Oh, S.S., Voigt, S., Fisher, D., Yi SJ., Roy, P.J.L., Derick, L.H., Liu, S.C and Chishti,
A.H. 2000. Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 is anchored
to spectrin-actin junction and knob-associated histidine-rich protein the
erythrocyte cytoskeleton. Mol. Biochem. ParasitoL, 108: 237-247.
Okoyeh, J.N., Piliai, C.R and Chitnis, C.E. 1999. Plasmodium falciparum field Isolates
commonly use erythrocytes invasion pathway that are independent of Sialic acid
residues of Glycophorin A. Infection and Immunity., 67: 5784-5791.
Okwa, O.O. 2003 .The Status of Malaria among Pregnant Women: A Study in Lagos,
Nigeria. African Journal o f Reproductive Health., 7 (3): 77- 83.
Oyedapo, O.O., Akinpelu, B.A., Akinwunmi, K.F., Adeyinka M .0 and Sipeolu, F.O.
2010. Red blood cell membrane stabilizing potentials of extracts of Lantana
camara and its fractions. International Journal o f Plant Physiology and
Biochemistry., 2(4): 46-51.
Pabon, A., Deharo, E., Zuluaga, L., Maya, J.D., Saez, J and Blair, S. 2009. Plasmodium
falciparum: Effect of Solanum nudum steroids on thiol contents and p-hematin
formation in parasitized erythrocytes. Exp. Parasitol., 122: 273-279.
Panday, G.S and Chunekar, K.C. 1998. Bhav prakash nighantu varanasi: Chaukhambha
Bharati Academy, pp 344-345.
168
Literature/ cited/
Pasvol, G., Wainscoat, J.S and Weatherall, D.J. 1982. Erythrocytes deficient in
glycophorin resist invasion by the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.
Nature., 297:64-66.
Pattanaya, P., Jena, R.K and Panda, S.K. 2010. HPTLC fingerprinting in the
standerdisation of Sulaharan Yoga: An ayurvedic tablet formulation. International
Journal o f Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research., 3: 33- 36.
Pawar, P.K., Borse, T.P., Pinjari, R.Z and Maheshwari, V.L. 2008. A simple technique
for rapid quantitative determination of solasodine from cultured hairy roots of
Solanum surattense. Journal o f Herbal Medicine and Toxicology., 2: 7- 10.
Percival, M. 1998. Antioxidants. Clinical Nutrition Insights., pp 1-4.
Peters, W. 1985. The problems of drug resistance in malaria. In: Chemotherapy of
parasite. O.A Denham (Ed). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge., 705-715.
Pillai, C.R and Usha Devi, C. 2001. Malaria parasite bank: A national resource for the
control of malaria. In Proceedings of the WHO Workshop on the Strategies for
Control of Kalaazar and Malaria. December 27-28. S.K. Bhattacharya, N.K,
Ganguly and C.P. Thakur (Eds.) (Balaji Uthan Sansthan, Patna): 175-185.
Posner, G.H., Paik, I.H., Sur, S., McRiner, A.J., Borstnik, K., Xie, S and Shapiro, T.A.
2003. Orally active, antimalarial, anticancer, artemisinin-derived trioxane dimers
with high stability and efficacy. J. Med. Chem., 46: 1060-1065.
169
L iteraturey cited/
Prasad, B.K., Kumar, A. R.G., Joy, J.M and Dalith, A.R.D. 2011. Natural Antifilarial
Drugs: A Review. International Journal o f Pharmacology & Toxicology., 1(1): 1-
10.
Purohit, S.S and Mathur, S.K. 1999. Drugs, in Biotechnology fundamentals and
applications. S.S. Purohit. Maximilian publishers, India, pp 576.
Qurshi, R., Bhatti, G.R and Memon R.A. 2010. Ethnomedicinal uses of herbs from
northern part ofNara desert, Pakistan, Pak. J. Bot., 42(2): 839-851.
Raghavendra, H., Shetty,L., Vijayananda B„ Nagaraj, M., Hiremath, G and Kumar, V.
2010. In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Vitex negundo L. Leaf Extracts. Chiang
M aiJ.Sci., 37(3): 489-497.
Raja, S and Sudharkar, D. 2000. Chemistry and pharmacological studies on Sida species-
A review. Proc. Int. Cong. On Ayurveda, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India., 207-208.
Raman, N. 2006. Phytochemical Techniques. New India Publishing Agency, New Delhi:
19-24.
Ramos, M.V, Freitas, C.D.T., Staniscuaski, F., Macedo, L.L.P., Sales, M.P., Souza, D.P
and Carlini C.R. 2007. Performance of distinct crop pests reared on diets enriched
with latex proteins from Calotropis procera: Role of laticifer proteins in plant
defense. Plant Sci., 173:349-357.
Ramos, M.V., Pereira, D.A., Souza, D.P., Araujo, E.S., Freitas, C.D.T., Cavaiheiro,!M.G., Matos, M.P.V and Carvalho, A.F.U. 2009. Potential of laticifer fluids for
170
L Cterature' cited/
inhibiting Aedes aegypti larval development: evidence for the involvement of
proteolytic activity. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz., 104:805-812.
Rao, K.S and Mishra, S.H. 1997. Anti-inflmmatory and hepetoprotective activities of
Sida rhombifolia Linn. Indian J. Pharmacol., 29:110-116.
Rao, K.S and Mishra, S.H. 1998. Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of
Sida acuta. Indian Drugs., 35: 92-97.
Rao, K.V.R., Satyanarayana, T and Rao, K.B.Y. 1984. Phytochemical investigations on
the roots of Sida acuta growing in waltair, Fitoterapia., 55: 249-251.
Rao, R.E., Dixit, V.K and Varma„K.C. 1973. Studies on fixed oil of seeds of Sida acuta
burm. Journal o f the American Oil Chemists Society., 50(5): 168-169.
Read, M and Hyde, J.E. 1993. Simple in vitro cultivation of the malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum (erythrocytic stages) suitable for large-scale preparations.
J E. Hyde., 21:43-55.
Remashree, A.B., Jayanthy, A and Balachandran, I. 2008. Comparative anatomy of six
species of Sida. Phytomorphology., 58(3 and 4): 163-172.
Ridley, R.G. 2002. Medical need, scientific opportunity and the drive for antimalarial
drugs. Nature., 415: 686-693.
Rimchala, P., Karbwang, J., Sukontason, K., Banmairuroi, V., Molunto, P and Na-
Bangchang, K. 1996. Pharmacokinetics of quinine in patients with chronic renal
failure. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 49: 497-501.171-
Literature/ cited'
Robert, A., Benoit-Vieal, F., Dechy-Cabaret, O and Meunier, B. 2001. From classical
antimalarial drugs to new compounds based on the mechanism of action of
artemisinin. Pure Appl. Chem., 73: (7) 1173-1188.
Rosanaivo, R., Ratsmamanga-Urverg, S and Rakoto-Ratsmamanga, A. 1992. Four years
of research in malaria chemotherapy: assessment and perspectives. Africani
Journal Medicine and Pharmacopoeia., 6: 95-101.
Ross, I.A. 1999. Medicinal plants of the world. Chemical constituents, traditional and
modem medical uses. Vol. I., Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey.
Roy, S and Barua, A.K. 1985. The structure and stereochemistry of a triterpene acid from
Lantana camara. Phytochemistry., 24:1607-1608.
Roy, S., Sehgal, R., Padhy, B.M and Kumar, V.L. 2005. Antioxidant and protective effect
of latex of Calotropisprocera against alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. Journal o f
Ethnopharmacology., 102(3): 470-473.
Rustaiyan, A., Javidnia, K., Farjam, M.H., Mehrizi, F.A and Ezzatzadeh, E. 2011.
Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the Ephedra sarcocarpa growing in Iran.
Journal o f Medicinal Plants Research., 5(17): 4251-4255.
Saber, A.H., Maharan, G.H and Rizkallah, M.M. 1969. Sterols and pentaeyclic
triterpenes of Calotropis procera. Bull. Fac. Pharm. Cairo Univ., 7 (1): 91-104.
Sabnis, M. 2006. Chemistry and pharmacology of ayurvedic medicinal plants, l s£ Ede.
Varanasi: Chaukambha Amarbharati Prakashan., 363-366.
172
L Cterccture/ cCted/
I
Sabnis, S.D and Daniel, M. 1990. A Phytochemical Approach to Economic Botany.
Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi pp 487- 557.
Sagar, L., Sehgal, R and Ojha, S. 2005. Evaluation of antimotility effect of Lantana
camara L. var. acuelata constituents on neostigmine induced gastrointestinal
transit in mice. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine., 5:18.
Saraswathy, A., Susan, T., Gnana, R.R., Govindarajan, S and Kundu, A.B. 1998.
Chemical investigation of Sid a acuta Burm. f. Bull. Med. Eth. Bot. Res., 19: 176-
180.
Sastri, B.N, 1962. The wealth of India, Vol. VI. Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research, New Dehli.
Sastri, S.N. 2002. Caraka Samhita of Agnivesa. Chaukhambha Bharati Academi,
Varanasi, India, pp 109-110.
Sax, L.J and Rieckmann, K.H. 1980. Use of rabbit serum in the cultivation of
Plasmodium falciparum. J. Parasitol., 66:621-624.
Saxena, M., Saxena, J and Khare, S. 2012. A brief review on: Therapeutical values of
Lantana camara plant. International Journal o f Pharmacy and Life Sciences.
3(3): 1551-1554
Saxena, S., Pant, N., Jain, D.C and Bhakuni, R.S. 2003. Antimalarial agents from plant
sources. Current Science., 85 (9): 1314-1329.
173-
L Cterccture' cited'
Saxena, V.K and Saxena, Y.P. 1979. Isolation and study of triterpenoids from Calotropis
procera.J. Res. Indian Med Yoga Homeopathy., 14: 152-154.
Seiber, J.N., Nelson, C J and Lee, S.M. 1982. Cardenolides in the latex and leaves of
seven Asclepias species and Calotropisprocera. Phytochem., 21(1): 2343-2348.
Sharaf, A. and Naguib, M. 1959. Chemical constituents of Lantana camara. Egypt.
Pharm. Bull., 41: 93.
Shariff, N.M.S., Umesha, S.S and Hariprasad, P. 2006. Antimicrobial activity of
Rauvolfla tetraphylla and Physalis minima leaf and callus extracts. African
Journal o f Biotechnology., 5 (10): 946-950.
Sharma, A and Patel, V.K. 2009. In vitro screening of the antibacterial activity and
identification of bioactive compounds from plants against selected Vibrio spp.
pathogens. Turkish Journal o f Biology., 33:137-144.
Sharma, O.P and Sharma, P.D. 1989. Natural products of the Lantana plant- the present
and prospects. J. Sci. Ind. Res., 48:471-478.
Sharma, O.P., Dawra, R.K and Makkar, H.P.S. 1987. Isolation and partial purification of
Lantana. Toxicol. Lett., 37:365.
Sharma, P and Sharma, J.D. 1999. Evaluation of in vitro schizontocidal activity of plant
parts of Calotropis procera- an ethnobotanical approach. Journal o f
Ethnopharmacology., 68: 83-95.
174
L iterature/ cited/
Sharma, P and Sharma, J.D. 2000. In-vitro schizonticidal screening of Calotropis
procera. Fitoterapia., 71: 77-79.
Sharma, V.P. 1996. Re-emergence of malaria in India. Source Malaria Research Centre
ICMR, Delhi. Indian J. Med. Res., 103:26-45. ,
Sherman, 1 .1998. In Malaria-Parasite Biology, Pathogenesis and Protection, pp 177-184.
Sherman, I.W., Crandall, I.E., Guthrie, N and Land, K.M. 1995. The sticky secrets of
sequestration. Parasitol. Today., 11: 378-384.
Sies, H. 1996. Antioxidants in Disease, Mechanisms and Therapy, Academic Press, New
York.
Silvie, O., Mota, M.M., Matuschewski, K and Prudencio, M. 2008. Interactions of the
malaria parasite and its mammalian host. Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 11(4): 352-9.
Skelton-Stroud, P and Mull, R. 1998. Positioning, labelling, and medical information
control of coartemether tablets (CPG 56697): a fixed novel combination of
artemether and benflumetol. Med. Trop., 58: 77-81.
Smith, J.D., Gamain, B., Baruch, D.I and Kyes, S. 2001. Decoding the language of var
genes and Plasmodium falciparum sequestration. Tr. Parasitol., 17: 538-545.
Snow, R.W., Craig, M., Deichmann, U and Marsh, K. 1999. Estimating mortality,
morbidity and disability due to malaria among Africa's non-pregnant population,
Bull World Health Organ., 77(8):624-40.
175
Literatures cited/
Sofowora, A. 1993. Medicinal plants and Traditional medicine in Africa. Spectrum
Books Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria., pp 289.
Staines, H.M., Clive, E.J and Chibale, K. 2005. The new permeability pathways: Targets
and selective routes for the development of new antimalarial agents.
Combinatorial Chemistry and High Throughput Screening., 8: 81-88.
Stocks, P. A., Raynes, K. J., Bray, P. G., Park, B. K., O’Neill, P. M and Ward, S. A.
2002. Novel short chain chloroquine analogues retain activity against chloroquine
resistant K1 Plasmodium falciparum. J. Med. Chem., 45(23): 4975-4983.
Tasduq, S.A., Kaiser, P.J., Gupta, B.D., Gupta, V.K and Johri, R.K. 2008. Negundoside,
an iridiod glycoside from leaves of Vitex negundo, protects human liver cells8
against calcium-mediated toxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride. World J
Gastroenterol, 14(23): 3693-3709.
Tekwani, B.L and Walker, L.A. 2005. Targeting the Hemozoin synthesis pathway for
new antimalarial drug discovery: Technologies for In vitro p-hematin formation
assay. Combinatorial Chemistry and High Throughput Screening., 8: 63-79.
Thaman, R. R. 1974. Lantana camara: Its introduction, dispersal and impact on islands of
the tropical Pacific Ocean. Micronesica., 10: 17-39.
Tilley, L., Loria, P and Foley, M. 2001. Chloroquine and other quinoline antimalarials.
In: Antimalarial Chemotherapy. Mechanisms of Action, Resistance, and New
176
LWerocture/ cited/
Directions in Drug Discovery., P. Rosenthal, (Ed.) Humana Press, Totowa, New
Jersey.:87-122.
Tiwari, N., Chaudhary, A and Mishra, A. 2011, Phytochemical Screening aijd
Antioxidant Activities of Some Indian Medicinal Plants Used for Malaria
Therapy. Der. Pharmacia Lettre., 2(5): 335-340.
Tjitra, E., Anstey, N.M., Sugiarto, P., Warikar, N and Kenangalem, E. 2008. Multidrug-
resistant Plasmodium vivax associated with severe and fatal malaria: a prospective
study in Papua, Indonesia. PLoSMed., 5:128.
Trager, W and Jensen, J. B. 1978. Cultivation of malarial parasites, a review. Nature.,
273: 621-622.
Trager, W and Jensen, J. B. 1997. Continuous culture of Plasmodium falciparum. Its
impact on malaria research. Int. J. Parasitol., 27: 989-1006.
Trager, W and Jensen, J.B. 1976. Human malaria parasites in continuous culture.
Science., 193: 673-675.
Trager, W and Jensen, J.B. 1980. Cultivation of erythrocytic and exoerythrocytic stages
of plasmodia. Malaria, Pathology, vector studies, and culture., 2: 271-319.
Trager, W. 1971. A new method for intraeiythrocytic cultivation of malaria parasites
(Plasmodium coatneyi and P. falciparum). J. Prot., 18: 239-242.
Trampuz, A., Jereb, M., Muzlovic I and Prabhu R.M. 2003. Clinical review: Severe
malaria. Cri. Care., 7(4): 315-323.177
Literature/ cited/
Trease, G.E and Evans, W.C. 1978. Pharmacology 11th Ede. Bailliere Tindall Ltd.,
London., pp 60-75.
Tripathi, Y.C., Prabhu, V.V., Pal, R.S and Mishra, R.N. 1996. Medicinal Plants of
Rajasthan in Indian System of Medicine. Ancient science o f life., 105(3): 190-212.
Vadlapudi, V., Behara, M., Kaladhar, D.S.V.G.K., Kumar, S.V.N., Seshagiri, B and Paul,
M.J. 2012. Antimicrobial profile of crude extracts Calotropis procera and
Centella asiatica against some important pathogens. Indian Journal o f Science
and Technology., 5 (8): 3132-3136.
Vaidya, A.B. 2001. Atovaquone-Proguanil Combination. In: Antimalarial Chemotherapy.
Mechanisms of Action, Resistance, and New Directions in Drug Discovery. P.
Rosenthal, (Ed.) Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey:203-218.
Vardhan, R. 2008. Direct uses of medicinal plants and their identification by Dr. Rashtra
Vardhan. Sarup and Sons, New Delhi, pp 138.
Vaya, J and Aviram, M. 2001. Nutritional antioxidants: Mechanism of action, analyses of
activities and medical applications. Curr. Med. Chem-Imm. Endoc., & Metab.
Agents., 1:99-117.
Venkatesh, S., Siva Rami Reddy, Y.,Suresh, B., Madhav Reddy, B and Ramesh, M.
1999. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of Sida rhomboidea.
Leaves. J. Ethnopharmacol., 67:229-232.
178
L Cterccture/ cited/
Verma, D.K., Singh, S.K., Nath, G and Tripathi, V. 1997. Antimicrobial active
triterpenoids from Lantana species. Indian Drugs., 34:390-392.
Vial, H.J., Eldin, P., Martin, D,, Gannoun, L., Calas, M and Ancelin, M.L.
1999.Transport of phospholipid synthesis precursors and lipid trafficking into
malaria infected erythrocytes. Novartis Found. Symp., 226: 74-83.
Waller, K.L., Cooke, B.M., Nunomura, W., Mohandas, N and Coppel, R.L, 1999.
Mapping the binding domains involved in the interaction between the
Plasmodium falciparum knob-associated histidine-rich protein (KAHRP) and the
cytoadherence ligand P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein-1 (PfEMPl).
/. Biol. Chem., 274: 23808-23813.
Walsh, D. S., Looareesuwan, S., Wilairatana, P., Heppner, D.G., Jr, Tang, D.B., Brewer,
T.G., Chokejindachai, W., Viriyavejakul, P., Kyle, D. E and Milhous, W. K.
1999. Randomized dose-ranging study of the safety and efficacy of WR 238605
(Tafenoquine) in the prevention of relapse of Plasmodium vivax malaria in
Thailand. J. Infect. Dis., 180: 1282- 1287.
Wang, Q., Yang, Y and Zhao, X. 2006. Chemical variation in the essential oil of Ephedra
sinica from North eastern China. J. Food Chem., 98: 52-58.
Ward, S.A. 1988. Mechanisms of chloroquine resistance in malarial chemotherapy. Tips.,
9: 241-246.
179
L Wara£ur& cited/
Waterkeyn, J.G., Wickham, M.E., Davem, K.M., Cooke, B.M., Coppel, R.L., Reeder,
J.C., Culvenor, J.G., Waller, R.F and Cowman, A.F. 2000. Targeted mutagenesis
of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 3 (PIEMP3) disrupts
cytoadherence of malaria-infected red blood cells. EMBO. J., 19: 2813-2823.
Wattanapiromsakul, C., Chanthathamrongsiri, N., Bussarawit, S., Yuenyongsawad, S.,
Plubrukam, A and Suwanborirux, K. 2009. 8-Isocyanoamphilecta-11(20), 15-
diene, a new antimalarial isonitrile diterpene from the sponge Ciocalapata
species. Can. J. Chem., 87: 612-618.
Weidekamm, G., Rusing, G., Caplain, H., Sorgel, F and Crevoisier, C. 1998. Lack of
bioequivalence of a generic mefloquine tablet with the standard product. Eur J
Clin Pharmacol., 54: 615-619.
Wemsdorfer, W.H and McGregor, S.I. 1988. MALARIA: Principles and practices of
Malariology,, Churchill and Livingstone, Edenburgh, 1:132-319.
White, N. 1997. Assessment of the pharmacodynamic properties of antimalarial drugs in
vivo. Antimicrob. Agents Chemoth., 41: 1413-1422.
jWhite, N. 1999. Delaying antimalarial drug resistance with combination chemotherapy.
Paraitologia., 41: 301-308.
WHO. 2010. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 16: No. 4. WHO Press, Geneva.
WHO. 1981. Instructions for determining the susceptibility or resistance of mosquito
larvae to insecticides. WHO/VBC/81.807.
180
L Werature/ cited/
WHO. 1997. Guidelines for the evaluation of Plasmodium falciparum vaccines in
populations exposed to natural infection. UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special
Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR/MAL/
VAC/97): 1-54
WHO. 1997. In vitro microtests (Mart-H) for assessment of the response of Plasmodium
falciparum to chloroquine; mefloquine,amociaquine, sulfadoxine, pyremethamine
and artemisinin. MAP/87.2; pp 1-21.
WHO. 2001. The World health report: Mental health, new understanding, new hope.j
WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland
WHO. 2002. Traditional Medicine: Planning for cost-effective Traditional Health
Services in the new century-A discussion paper. Centre for Health Development.
WHO. 2010. World malaria report: 2010. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland.
WHO. 2011. World malaria report: 2011. WHO Press, Geneva, Switzerland.
Willet, G.P and Canfield, C.J. 1984. Plasmodium falciparum: continuous cultivation of
erythrocyte stages in plasma-free culture medium. Exp. Parasitol., 57:76-80.
Winder, J.A and Harley, K.L.S. 1983. The phytophagous insects on Lantana in Brazil
and their potential for Biological control in Australia. Prop. Pest. Manage., 29(4):
346-62.
181
L W e ra tu re / cC ted/
Wolfe, E.B., Parise, M.E., Haddix, A.C., Nahlen, B.L and Ayisi, J.G. 2001. Cost-l
effectiveness of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the prevention of malaria-
associated low birth weight. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., 64:178-186.
Wongsrichanalai, C., Pickard, A.L., Wemsdorfer, W.H and Meshnick, S.T. 2002.
Epidemiology of drug-resistant malaria. The Lancet Infections Diseases., 2(4):
209-218,
Woodrow, C., Penny, J and Krishna, S. 1999. Intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum
expresses a high affinity faeilitative hexose transporter. J. Biol. Chem., 274:7272-
7277.
Yoganarasimhan, S.N. 2011. Medicinal plants of India. - Regional research institute
(Ay.) Bangalore, Tamil Ayurvedic uses and Pharmacological activities of
Calotropis procera Linn. Asian Journal o f Traditional Medicines., 2(1): 97.
Yusuf, M., Begum, J., Haque, M.N and Chowdhury, J.U. 2009. Medicinal Plants of
Bangladesh. BC8IR Laboratories, Chittagong, pp 672.
Zarchin, S., Krugliak, M and Ginsburg, H. 1986. Digestion of the host erythrocyte by
malaria parasites is the primary target for quinoline-containing antimalarials.
Biochem. Pharmacol. 35(14): 2435-42.
Zargar, M., Azizah, A.H., Roheeyati, A.M., Fatimah, A. B., Jahanshiri, F and Pak-Dek,
M.S. 2011. Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of different extracts
182
L iterature' cited/
from Vitex negundo leaf. Journal o f Medicinal Plants Research., 5(12): 2525-
2532.
Zheng, C.J., Tang, W.Z., Huang, B.K., Han, T., Zhang, Q.Y., Zhang, H and Qin, L.P.
2009. Bioactivity-guided fractionation for analgesic properties and constituents of
Vitex negundo L. seeda Phytomedicine., 16(6-7): 560-567.
Zhu, Y.P. 1998. Chinese Materia Medica: chemistry, pharmacology and applications.
Harwood Academic, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
183