09/2013 datamaster dmt operator course. contact information trisha conti, phd alcohol program...
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Thank You! Thank you to the Vermont Governor’s Highway Safety Program for the funding to purchase the DataMaster DMT’s.TRANSCRIPT
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DataMaster DMT Operator Course
Contact Information
Trisha Conti, PhDAlcohol Program [email protected](802) 241-5436
Amanda Bolduc, MFSForensic Chemist [email protected](802) 241-5300
Rob DriscollDMT [email protected](802) 241-5817
Rebecca Mead, MFSForensic Chemist [email protected](802) 241- 5279
Marcella GiammancoAdministrative [email protected](802) 241-5282
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Thank You!
Thank you to the Vermont Governor’s Highway Safety Program for the funding to purchase the DataMaster DMT’s.
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Why are we here?
To certify Vermont Police Officers in the proper operation of the DataMaster DMT to enable them to obtain an evidential breath sample from a DUI subject.
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General History
• The DataMaster is an infrared breath testing instrument approved for evidential use in the state of Vermont. Originally developed in the early 1980’s.
• The BAC DataMaster was installed in Franklin County in 1990 as a test county. Used exclusively Jan 1st 1996.
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General History
• The DataMaster DMT was installed in Franklin & Grand Isle Counties in July of 2008. Used exclusively as of December 2010.
• Oversight of the Blood and Breath Alcohol Program was transferred from the Department of Health Laboratory to the Vermont Forensic Laboratory on March 1, 2012.
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How many are there? 66 Sites
Addison County – 4 Bennington County – 5 Caledonia County – 3 Chittenden County – 11 Essex County – 3 Franklin County – 6 Grand Isle County – 1
Lamoille County – 3 Orange County – 3 Orleans County – 2 Rutland County – 4 Washington County – 6 Windham County – 8 Windsor County – 7
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The DataMaster DMT
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The Science Behind the DataMasterAka Everyone’s Favorite Section
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What are we doing?
Ethanol is volatile Readily moves from liquid to air Readily moves from blood to breath The DataMaster measures the concentration
of ethanol in breath Less invasive than drawing blood
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Henry’s Law In a closed system, at a given temperature, there is a fixed ratio between the
concentration of a volatile in a liquid and in the air above the liquid.
Ethanol in air
Ethanol in liquid
Therefore, the ethanol concentration in the blood is at equilibrium with the ethanol concentration in the breath.
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Infrared Spectroscopy
IR energy is one small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum typically felt as heat.
Infrared (night vision) goggles makes heat visible by using various colors for different temperatures.
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IR energy and EtOH
In a molecule atoms are held together by bonds When subjected to IR energy of the correct frequency
the bonds will move from one vibrational state to the next highest
DataMaster targets the C-H bond in the methyl group
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Infrared Absorption
Different molecules absorb IR energy differently
Different IR “fingerprints” exist for different compounds
The “fingerprints” allow the DataMaster to be specific for ethanol
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3.50 microns3.50 microns
Partial EtOH Fingerprint
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Beer-Lambert Law The Beer-Lambert law states that there is a direct
relationship between the concentration of a substance and the amount of infrared energy it absorbs.
The DataMaster can measure the amount of ethanol in a breath sample by detecting how much IR energy reaches the detector.
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Beer-Lambert Law The more ethanol present in the breath, the more
infrared energy is absorbed, the less IR energy that reaches the detector.
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Quantitation
The DataMaster is calibrated with a sample of known concentration
Known concentration = known absorption
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Energy Absorbed
BrA
C
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Quantitation IR energy absorbed by the KNOWN sample is compared to IR
energy of UNKNOWN sample
From this comparison the alcohol concentration of the unknown can be determined
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Energy Absorbed
BrA
C
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External Components
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External Components
Simulator
Touch Screen
Keyboard
StylusBreath Tube
Serial Number Label
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Back Panel
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Simulator
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Internal Components
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Processor Board
Temperature Monitoring Cable
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Internal Components
LABELED PHOTO OF INTERNAL COMPONENTS
IR SourceDetector Block
Sample Chamber
5-Way Valve
Simulator Tubes In/Out
Flow Sensor
Communication Board
Pump
Inlet Block
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DataMaster Optical BenchDataMaster Optical Bench
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Breath Analysis
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Quality Control Measures
Before analysis is begun the DMT:– Checks its components for function– Checks the detector response– Monitors its heated zones
Adjusts baseline to room air
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Quality Control Measures
Blank tests are run at the beginning of the test sequence and after vapors are introduced. – Blank tests are run after a purge cycle to ensure
the sample chamber is free of alcohol.– Acceptable results will read 0.000.
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Quality Control Measures
The Calibration Check in the DMT is a quartz plate.– The calibration check is run to confirm the stability
of the calibration.– An acceptable result for the calibration check will
display PASSED.
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Quality Control Measures
An artificial breath sample is provided by the simulator and is analyzed as a control sample.
This will be reported as the Simulator Vapor with a result indicated on all reports.
– A simulator solution at an approximate ethanol concentration of 0.100 is used.
– The DMT has an acceptance range of +/- 5% of the certified value for the simulator vapor.
– The testing process will continue after an acceptable simulator vapor reading.
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Proper and Improper Breath Samples
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Mouth Alcohol vs. Deep Lung Air
DMT is designed to sample deep lung air
The human body is not a closed system
Therefore, the air in the bottom of the lungs will be closest in concentration to that found in the blood.
We want to sample the air closest to the blood, highest in concentration.
Air in the upper portion of the lungs is constantly being diluted by room air and is biased low.
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How do we know?
DataMaster reads the sample every 0.25 second.
When deep lung air is sampled a plateau is reached rather than a sharp increase.
Time (sec.)
BrAC
Normal Breath
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What is Mouth Alcohol?
Mouth Alcohol is alcohol that is not a reflection of the alcohol in the blood
Drinking or rinsing with alcohol, some remains in the mouth.
Vomiting, if there is alcohol in the stomach may leave mouth alcohol.
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How do we know?
The same methods it uses to know that it is reading deep lung air enables it to see mouth alcohol.
Time (sec.)
BrAC
Mouth Alcohol•Assume beer is 5.0% alcohol.
•The legal limit is 0.08%.
•The high EtOH concentration in the beer causes the peak to overshoot the concentration in the breath.
•The DMT detects this and declares it an “Invalid Sample”.
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Preventing Mouth Alcohol
15 Minute Observation Period(nothing into the mouth, nothing out)
Most Studies show that mouth alcohol dissipates within 10-12 minutes, so 15 minutes is more than enough to ensure that no mouth alcohol will be present in the breath sample.
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Substances Other Than EtOH
How would other substances be present?
•Diabetics and fasting people may produce acetone in their bodies in small amounts.
•Alcoholics have been known to ingest other alcohols besides ethanol. Rubbing alcohol (Isopropanol), Wood alcohol (Methanol). Both are very toxic to humans.
•Inhaling volatile substances which remain on the breath and absorb IR.
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How do we know?
Different Substances have different IR “fingerprints”.
•The DMT uses multiple filters at different wavelengths to look for ethanol.
•Ethanol generates characteristic peaks at these wavelengths which differentiate it from other substances.
•If the DMT detects a ratio inconsistent with ethanol it will report “Interference” rather than a BrAC numerical result.
•You will have to get a blood sample.
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Wow! That was fascinating but what do I need to do?
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After the stop…
After the SFSTs…
Back at the Station…
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Clear the screen saver then…
Touch
RUN on the screen
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Screen shot of DUI or Check-In ?? screen
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DUI vs. Check-In Confirmation
For all suspected DUI subjects, you will select DUI
If a subject fails a PBT during a Check-In and needs
a confirmation test, select CHECK-IN
Each selection will lead to a subject information entry screen.
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Taking The DUI Test
Select the DUI box from the “Type of Test” window.
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Check the mouth for Foreign Objects
This can be as simple as asking “Do you have anything in your mouth?”
DON’T STICK YOUR FINGERS IN THEIR MOUTH!!!
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Yes, tongue piercings are foreign objects. No, they don’t need to be removed.
Logan & Gullberg, 1997 - found no effect from mouth jewelry
•Yes, dentures are foreign objects. No, they don’t need to be removed.
•Harding, McMurray. Lassig, et al. 1993 - found no effect from dentures
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Some people will put foreign objects in their mouth in an attempt to “beat the test.”
Pennies, match heads, mints, garlic, etc.
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15 Minute Observation
The DMT has a built in 15 minute observation timer which must be completed before a DUI test can be performed.
You may begin the 15 minute timer before you press the RUN button.
If you do not start the timer before you press the RUN button, you will be prompted to start it once all the subject information has been entered.
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15 Minute Observation
AKA: 15 minute deprivation period. (Nothing in, nothing out)
We need to ensure that no mouth alcohol is present.
Mouth Alcohol
BrAC
Time (sec.)
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What do you mean by “Observing”?
That’s up to your discretion. You, the officer, must be comfortable saying that you observed them for 15 minutes and are confident that the subject did not ingest or regurgitate alcohol.
Observing does not necessarily mean keeping eye contact for 15 minutes but neither does it mean that you ignore them for 15 minutes while you go somewhere else.
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15 Minute Observation Clock
If you need to restart the 15 minute timer for any reason (ex. burp, belch, vomit, etc.) you will be prompted to enter a reason for restart.
This can be as simple as “Subject Vomited”. You may enter as many as 40 characters.
Whatever you enter will be printed on the DUI Ticket.
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vomited
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What if they want to Speak to a lawyer?
Observation time is started prior to asking this question on the processing form.
Restart the 15 minute timer and leave the reason why on screen.
When they are finished speaking to the attorney enter “spoke to attorney” as the reason for restart and hit ok.
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Timer Nearing Completion
Officer: “Have you burped, belched or vomited in the last 15 minutes?”Subject: “No”
Proceed with the test.
Officer: “Have you burped, belched or vomited in the last 15 minutes?”Subject: “Yes”
Restart the observation period.
If this keeps happening it may be considered a refusal. A person can refuse through their actions as well as through their words.
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Many agencies videotape their processing. Remember that others will watch your observation
period. Will it seem valid to others?
You must be able to defend it!
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Screen shot of DUI subject information entry screen
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Screen shot of DUI subject information entry screen
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Screen shot of DUI subject information entry screen
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Screen shot of DUI subject information entry screen
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Taking The Test
Once all the subject information is entered, press OK to continue.
A box will pop up which says “Review Data? Yes or No”.
Select Yes, this will bring you back to the data entry screen. Ensure that all of the information is correct.
Press OK to continue. The “Review Data?” box will pop up again, this time select No.
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Review data screen shot
December 2011
Screen shot of DUI subject information entry screen
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Taking The Test
Once you have entered and reviewed your data, the DMT will remain idle until the 15 minute timer is satisfied.
If you did not start the timer before the data entry screen, a box will pop up saying “Start Timer?” Press OK to start the timer.
The DMT will then go through a series of system checks.
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System Checks
PurgeAmbient Zeroing
Blank TestCalibration Check
Simulator VaporPurge
Ambient ZeroingBlank Test
0.000 PASSED ~0.100 +/- 5%
0.000
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Taking The Test
The instrument will then prompt “Subject take test? Yes or No”.– If you press N (a refusal) a box will pop up with
two options, Refusal or Incapable.
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Taking The Test
– If the subject refuses, select Refusal.– If the subject is physically incapable, select
Incapable. In this instance, the subject may be offered an evidentiary blood test.
– Once you select Refusal or Incapable, another box will pop up asking for the reason. You may type in a reason why the subject did not take the test.
All Refusals must be documented this way.
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Refusal or incapable
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Reason for refusal screen shot
CALIBRATICALIBRATI
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Taking The Test
When the instrument prompts “Will subject take test? Yes or No”.– Press Y, the instrument will then flash “Please
Blow” and an intermittent tone will be heard.– Insert a new mouth piece into the breath tube.– Instruct the subject to blow a slow, continuous
breath.
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Taking The Test
As the subject meets the minimum flow rate, the tone will become constant.
The subject must provide a minimum of 1.5L of air. DO NOT tell the subject to stop blowing even if they surpass 1.5L of air.
While the subject is blowing, you will be able to see the breath and alcohol curves in real time.
09/20130.0580.058 1.5L1.5L
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Taking The Test
Once an adequate sample is accepted, immediately remove the mouth piece from the breath tube.
The instrument will then purge.
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Taking The Test
Once the sample is analyzed, the DMT will display the subject’s alcohol concentration.
The officer will inform the subject of their results and ask if they want a second test.
The instrument will prompt “Will subject provide another sample? Yes or No”.
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0.0820.082
CALIBRATION CHECKCALIBRATION CHECK
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Taking A Second Test
If No is selected the test sequence ends. If Yes is selected the instrument will again go
through it’s quality control tests.Purge Ambient ZeroingBlank Test Calibration Check Simulator Vapor Purge Ambient ZeroingBlank Test
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Taking A Second Test
After the checks are complete the DMT will again prompt “Will subject provide another sample? Yes or No”.– If No is selected, the test sequence ends.– If Yes is selected, a second breath test may be
given. The instrument will prompt “Please Blow” and the
intermittent tone will be heard. Insert a new mouth piece into the breath tube. Instruct the subject to provide a second sample just as
before.
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CALIBRATION CHECKCALIBRATION CHECK
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Paper Work
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Paperwork
Once the test sequence is complete, three copies of the ticket will be printed.
Verify all information and results are correct One copy is for the State’s Attorney, one for the
arresting officer, and one for the subject.
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Paperwork
What about this?– Test 1: 0.119– Test 2: 0.138
Vermont requires one (1) test. Hence there are no requirements that the two tests be within any amount.
There is human variability in giving a breath sample Meeting minimum sample acceptance requirements
vs. exceeding sample acceptance requirements.
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Paperwork
What about this?– Test 1: 0.073
Continue with your processing. Many agencies have this policy posted by their DataMaster. An alcohol chemist will be contacted for a relation back.
Vermont law says “impaired to the slightest degree” in addition to the per se 0.08 limit.
Paperwork
What about this?– Test 1: 0.102– Test 2: Error
23 VSA 1202. d(5) A person who is requested by a law enforcement officer to submit to an evidentiary test administered with an infrared breath-testing instrument may elect to have a second infrared test administered immediately after receiving the results of the first test.
If a subject requests a second breath test, get them a second test! If you have to go to another agency due to DMT malfunction, get 2
new tests!
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Taking the Check-In Test
Select the CHECK-IN box from the “Type of Test” window.
Check the subject’s mouth for foreign objects.– Dentures and tongue piercings are okay.
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Taking The Check-In Test
Once all the subject information is entered, press OK to continue.
A box will pop up which says “Review Data? Yes or No”.
Select Yes, this will bring you back to the data entry screen. Ensure that all of the information is correct.
Press OK to continue. The “Review Data?” box will pop up again, this time select No.
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Taking The Check-In Test
The DMT will then go through a series of self checks.
Once all the checks have passed, the DMT will prompt “Please Blow”.
Insert a new mouth piece into the breath tube.
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Copy of Check-In Ticket
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Taking The Check-In Test
Instruct the subject to provide a slow, continuous breath.
An intermittent tone will be heard. As the subject meets the minimum flow rate, the tone will become constant.
09/20130.072 1.5L
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Taking The Check-In Test
Once the subject has finished delivering a satisfactory sample, immediately remove the mouth piece.
The DMT will again purge.
The Check-In ticket will then print in triplicate.
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Time Limits
If the “RUN” button is not pressed within 10 minutes of completion of the observation time, the 15 minute observation timer must be restarted.
Five (5) minutes is allotted to enter data.
When prompted to make a decision such as “SUBJECT TAKE TEST? YES or NO” or “USE PREVIOUS DATA,” one (1) minute is allotted.
When prompted “PLEASE BLOW” the subject will have two (2) minutes to provide a breath sample.
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Incomplete Sample
If an adequate breath sample has not been provided in the two minute window the instrument will prompt “SUBJECT TAKE TEST? YES or NO”.
– Select “YES” to try again.– select “NO” if the subject cannot provide an adequate
breath sample. The instrument will then prompt “REFUSAL or
INCAPABLE?” Select “REFUSAL” or “INCAPABLE” as applicable and
type a reason.
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Incomplete Sample
After three failed attempts the instrument will rerun its quality control measures.
The subject will then have three more chances to provide an adequate breath sample.
Each failed two minute attempt will be documented on the report as INCOMPLETE.
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Invalid Sample
An abnormal breath profile has been obtained during sample delivery.
The instrument will print a ticket documenting the invalid sample and will return to the “Ready, Push Run” screen.
The testing sequence must be restarted including a new 15 minute observation period.
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Interference
The ratio between the measurements at the three filters is not what is expected for ethanol.
When the instrument prompts “SUBJECT TAKE SECOND TEST? YES or NO” select “YES” and have subject provide a second sample.
If “INTERFERENCE” is reported again you may have subject’s blood drawn.
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Breath Profiles
As the subject is blowing, the DMT will display the breath and alcohol profiles in real time.
The following slides are examples of actual breath profiles you might encounter.
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Cooperative Breath and Alcohol Profile
•Subject is providing a continuous breath and alcohol concentration has reached a plateau.
Alcohol Concentration
Time
Flow Rate L/min
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Low Flow•Subject may be trying to “beat the test” or is incapable of providing the minimum flow long enough.
Acceptable test
Sample provided through a simulator.
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Meeting vs. Exceeding•One subject
•Consecutive breaths
•Graph 1: A full breath sample
•Approximately 6.8L air
•Alcohol result 0.099g/210L
•Graph 2: A partial breath sample
•Approximately 1.7L air
•Alcohol result 0.077g/210L
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Huffing and Puffing•Subject is being uncooperative.
•Could potentially result in an Invalid Sample
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Incomplete with Huffing and Puffing•A valid test is never received, however, please note that the alcohol concentration is never lower than an 0.07.
•A minimum alcohol concentration may be determined even on an incomplete test.
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Incomplete: 2x Legal Limit
•A minimum alcohol concentration may be determined even on an incomplete test.
Sample provided through a simulator.
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Starting and Stopping•This could be a sign that the subject is having a hard time meeting the minimum standards.
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Mouth Alcohol •This is actual mouth alcohol in a drinking subject.
•There does not appear to be a “typical” mouth alcohol profile.
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Retrieving A Ticket
The COPY button is your friend, it will reprint the last ticket generated, even if you turn the instrument off/on.
The memory will be active on the DMT, therefore a Supervisor or Administrator will be able to retrieve and reprint old tickets.
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Possible Problems
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Errors
Some error messages may require a DataMaster Supervisor or VFL DataMaster Technical Services to inspect and/or service an instrument. However, when receiving an error message it is permissible to retry the test. If the second attempt results in a passing test, the subject results are acceptable. DataMaster DMT Supervisors should be made aware of any and all errors. Any and all reports generated during a testing sequence including those displaying errors should be retained with the case file.
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Errors
When encountering error messages that cannot be remedied, post “OUT OF SERVICE” on the DataMaster DMT and leave a detailed message for your DataMaster Supervisor.
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Errors
Simulator Out of Range The simulator solution is outside the +/- 5% acceptance range.
Simulator Temperature Out of Range The simulator is outside the 33.5 -34.5 ºC acceptance range.
Calibration Check Error The instrument is not reading the calibration correctly.
Sample Chamber Not to Temperature The sample chamber outside the 45 - 55ºC acceptance range.
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Errors
• Detector Overflow The detector is out of range or the subjects BrAC is greater than 0.600.
Breath Tube Temperature Out of Range The breath tube is outside the acceptance range.
Filter Wheel Error The filter wheel is not aligning properly.
Filter # (1,2,3) Won’t Zero One of the filters is not reading properly.
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Errors
Ambient Fail The instrument is detecting alcohol in the ambient air.
Blank Error The instrument is unable to reach zero apparent alcohol. For both of these errors:
– Remove the mouthpiece from the breath tube.– Remove possible contamination sources from the processing
area.– Open windows or use a fan to draw fresh air into the room if
possible.
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Errors
Simulator Time Out The simulator took too long to reach plateau while running a Simulator Vapor test.
– Attempt the test again. Radio Frequency Detected A radio frequency
transmission has been detected in the testing environment.– Turn radio off and ensure that there are no active
transmitters in the processing area.
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Errors
Pump Error The flow detector does not detect pump operation or the pump speed is incorrect.
– Ensure the breath tube is free from obstruction during a purge cycle.
Suck Back Error Air flow is in the reverse direction during a subject sample delivery
– Restart the testing sequence. When prompted to use previous timer and use previous data, select “YES”.
– Instruct the subject again on proper sample delivery.
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Errors
Communication Error (frozen screen) The embedded pc is not communicating with the controller board correctly.
– Turn the DMT off, wait one minute, turn it on again.
“PLEASE BLOW” Flashes but DMT does not accept a sample.
– Refer to graphic display to ensure subject is providing adequate air flow.
– Remove the mouthpiece from the breath tube and replace with a new mouthpiece.
– Have the subject attempt to provide another sample.– If error remains, turn off instrument for one minute and turn back
on.
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Errors
Printing Problems. – Ensure the printer is loaded with ink and paper.– Ensure the USB cable is connected to both the DMT and
the printer.– Turn the DMT off, wait one minute then turn back on.– Press the COPY button to reprint reports.– If after several attempts you are unable to get a readable
report, contact you DataMaster Supervisor or DataMaster Records Administrator. They have access to reprinting prior reports.
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Other Error Conditions
Notify your DataMaster Supervisor if these conditions exist
Incorrect Date Incorrect Time
For both of these errors:– When the reports print, place a single line thought the
incorrect information and write in the correction on all three copies.
– Mark with your initials and date.– Document the discrepancy on your processing form.
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Practice Tickets
Two 1-test sequenceTwo 2-test sequenceOne Check-In
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Practice Tickets
Subject Name: (F) TEST (L) TESTDate of Birth: 01/01/1991Gender: M or FGuardian Y or NCase: 0000Stop Time: CURRENT TIMETest Reason: OTHERTown: PITTSFORDOperator Info: YOUR NAMEAgency: YOUR AGENCYVTC #: YOUR NUMBER
Two 1-test sequenceTwo 2-test sequence
One Check-In