09 metabolism part 1
TRANSCRIPT
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BIOENERGETICS Part 1HOW THE BODY CONVERTS FOOD TO ENERGY
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METABOLISM
Is the sum total of all the chemicalreactions involved in maintaining thedynamic state of the cell
Metabolic Reactions Those in which molecules are broken
down to provide the energy neededby cells catabolism
Those that synthesize thecompounds needed by cells anabolism
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METABOLISM
Biochemical Pathway Is a series of consecutive biochemical
reactions Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
Common Catabolic Pathway To convert the chemical energy in food to
molecules of ATP
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METABOLISM
Principal Compounds of theCommon Catabolic Pathway Common Catabolic Pathway
Citric Acid Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway Electron Transport Chain Phosphorylation
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METABOLISM
Principal Compounds of theCommon Catabolic Pathway Agents for Storage of Energy and
Transfer of Phosphate Groups
Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP) Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
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METABOLISM
Principal Compounds of theCommon Catabolic Pathway Agents for Transfer of Electrons in
Biological Oxidation-ReductionReactions Coenzymes
NAD+ (nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide)
FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) Contain and ADP core
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METABOLISM
Principal Compounds of theCommon Catabolic Pathway Agent for Transfer of Acetyl Groups
Coenzyme A Final principal compound Acetyl (CCH3CO)-transporting molecule
Contains ADP
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CATABOLISM
Stage I: Hydrolysis of DietaryMacromolecules into Small Subunits
To degrade large food molecules intotheir component subunits Simple sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and
glycerol
Digestive processes
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CATABOLISM
Stage II: Conversion of Monomersinto a Form that can be CompletelyOxidized Monosaccharides, amino acids, and
glycerol are assimilated into thepathways of energy metabolism
Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle (Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle or
Krebs Cycle)
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CATABOLISM
Stage II: Conversion of Monomersinto a Form that can be CompletelyOxidized Sugars usually enter the glycolysis
pathway in the form of glucose orfructose
Eventually converted to acetyl-CoA,
which can be completely oxidized in thecitric acid cycle
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CATABOLISM
Stage II: Conversion of Monomersinto a Form that can be CompletelyOxidized Amino groups are removed from
amino acids Remaining carbon skeletons enter the
catabolic processes at many steps of
the citric acid cycle
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CATABOLISM
Stage II: Conversion of Monomersinto a Form that can be CompletelyOxidized
Fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA and enter the citric acid cycle inthat form
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CATABOLISM
Stage II: Conversion of Monomersinto a Form that can be CompletelyOxidized Glycerol produced by the hydrolysis
of fats Converted to glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate (one of the intermediates of
glycolysis) Enters energy metabolism
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CATABOLISM
Stage III: The Complete Oxidation ofNutrients and the Production of ATP Acetyl CoA carries 2-carbon remnants
of the nutrients, acetyl groups, to the
citric acid cycle Electrons and hydrogen atoms are
harvested during the completeoxidation of the acetyl group to CO2 Used in the process of oxidative
phosphorylation to produce ATP
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(1) GLYCOLYSIS
Also known as the Embden-MeyerhofPathway
A pathway for carbohydrate catabolismthat begins with the substrate D-glucose
Anaerobic process 10 steps
3 Major Products ATP chemical energy NADH chemical energy 2 three-carbon pyruvate
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Goodness Gracious,Franklin Did Go By PickingPumpkins (to) Prepare Pies
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ENZYME MNEMONICS
High Profile People Act Too Glamorous, Picture PosingEvery Place
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PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY
An alternative pathway for glucoseoxidation
It provides the cell with energy in the formof reducing power for biosynthesis
NADPH is produced in the oxidative stage Reducing agent required for many biosynthetic
pathways
Provides sugar phosphates that are required for
biosynthesis Most active in tissues involved in cholesterol and
fatty acid biosynthesis
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