$09 jain universe - jain education, jain library, jain literature09_jain_universe.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
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Pravin K. Shah
Jaina Education Committee
Jain Study Center of North Carolina
509 Carriage Woods Circle
Cary, NC 27513
Website: www.jainelibrary.org
e-mail: [email protected]
919-859-4994 H, 919-889-1900Cell
Jain Universe
Preaching Methods of Lord Mahavir
Lord Mahavir preached Jain religion and its philosophy and
spirituality using four different methods known as Four
Anuyogs
1. Stories (Pratham_anuyog)
Historical, non-historical, and mythology
2. Conduct (Charan_anuyog)
Self control, penance, repentance, and nonviolence
3. Mathematics (Ganit_anuyog / Karan_anuyog)
Karma and its classification
Various stages of Soul's spiritual development based
on Karma
Structure and Function Universe
4. Philosophy or Adhyatma (Dravya_anuyog)
Spirituality
Jain Universe
Akas (Space)
Lokakas
Jiva and Ajiva Exist
Height - 14 Rajlok
Alokakas
Empty - Void
Infinite
Jain UniverseJain Universe
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Yojan and Rajlok Measurement
Yojan
1 Danda or Bow = 6 feet
2000 Danda or Bow = 1 Kosha
4 Kosha = 1 Yojan (@ 9.0 miles)
Another book gives different measurement
1 Dhanu = 6 feet
4000 Dhanu = 1 Yojan (@4.5 miles)
1000 Yojans = 1 Mahayojan
Rajlok or Rajju
A distance traveled by a deva (a heavenly god) in six months at a rate of
2,057,152 Yojan in one samay (Samay = smallest unit of time = @1/4
second) or
The distance traveled in six months by a ball of iron weighing 1,000 bhar
(1000 tolas or 25 lb.) let fall freely from Indralok (heaven).
= @1.15 x 10E21 miles
Universe (Lokakas)
Total Height = 14 Rajlok
Upper world height = 7 Rajlok
Middle world height = 1800 Yojans
900 Yojan up from center of the surface
900 Yojan down from center of the surface
Width = 1 Rajlok
Lower world height = 7 Rajlok
Lokakas Volume (Digambar) = 343 Cubic Rajlok
Lokakas Volume (Swetambar)= 239 Cubic Rajlok
Universe (Lokakas)
Who Lives Where? (Residents)
Upper World
• Liberated Souls (Moksha)
• Vaimanik devas
12 /16 Devaloks, 9 Graivek, 5 Anuttar devas
Middle World
• Jyotishka devas (above 900 yojans)
• Humans, Tiryanch (on surface)
• Vyan vantar devas (below 900 yojans)
Lower World
• Bhavanpati devas
• Narakis
Upper World
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Upper World
Height = 7 Rajlok or Rajju
Moksha, 5 Anuttaras, 9 Graiveks, 12 or 16 Devloks
Liberated Souls - lives in Moksha
Vaimanik devas (3 sub-categories)
Higher Vaimanik devas (Anuttara and Graiveks)
Anuttara devas attain liberation either in next birth or
third birth
Each deva is independent
Lower Vaimanik devas
Organized like Earthly kingdoms -
Rulers (Indra), Counselors, Guards, Followers,
Armies
Middle World
Consist of 900 yojans above and 900 yojans below Earth surface
Jambudvip is in the Center of the Middle World
Surrounding Jambudvip, an innumerable series of concentric rings of
alternate oceans and islands (dvip or continents)
Residents
Jyotishka devas (gods of light) - 790 to 900 yojans above earth
Human, Tiryanch (Animals, birds, etc......) on the surface
Vyan vantar devas - 100 yojan below surface of Earth
World of Human (Manushya_lok)
Consist of two and half continents
Jambudvip, Dhataki_khanda, and half of Puskara_dvip
List of 64 Indras – Celebrates
Birthday of Tirthankar
List of 64 Indras who perform Trthankar Abhishek after Birth
on Mount Meru
• Bhavanpati – 20 (There are 10 Bhavanpati places and each divides in
North and South and each one has one Indra)
• Vyatar – 16 (There are 8 Vyatar places and each divides in North and
South and each one has one Indra)
• Vyan Vyatar – 16 (There are 8 Vyan Vyatar places and each divides
in North and South and each one has one Indra)
• Jyotishk Dev – 2 - One Moon and One Sun (There 2 Suns and 2
Moons exist in Jambudweep but one of them comes for Abhishek)
• Vaimanik – 10 (one Indra each from first 8 Devlok + One Indra from
9th and 10th and One Indra from 11th and 12th Devlok)
Middle World (Madhyalok)Two and Half Island
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Jyotishka Devas
Distance from Earth surface
Stars (Tara) = 790 yojans
Sun (Surya) = 800 yojans
Moon (Chandra) = 880 yojans
Constellation (Nakshatra) = 884 yojans
Planets (Graha)
Mercury (Budha) = 888 yojans
Venus (Shukra) = 891 yojans
Jupiter (Guru or Brahaspati) = 894 yojans
Mars (Mangal) = 897 yojans
Saturn (Shani) = 900 yojans
Remaining planets = 888 to 900 yojans
Mount Meru
Mount MeruNumber of Jyotishka Devas
(Two and Half Continents)
Location Moon Sun Planet Constellation Stars
Jambu Dvip
Island
2 2 176 56 133,950E14
Lavan Samudra
Ocean
4 4 352 112 267,900E14
Dhataki Khand
Island
12 12 1056 336 803,700E14
Kalodadhi Samudra
Ocean
42 42 3696 1176 2,812,950E14
Pushkar Dvip
Island
72 72 6336 2096 4,822,200E14
Total 132 132 11696 3696 8,840,600E14
•Only stars are in 10 million X 10 million unit (10E14)
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Jambudvip
Center of the Middle World
Diameters 100,000 yojans
Mount Meru is at the center
Illuminated by two Moons and two Suns
Six mountains run from East to West, divide
into seven huge continents
Each continent is watered by two great
rivers
Jambu-dvip
Jambu-dvip
�Seven Continents and Six Mountains
1. Airavata (North) - Rakta and Raktoda Rivers
Shikhari Mountain
2. Airanyavant - Rupyakula and Suvarnakula Rivers
Rukmi Mountain
3. Ramyak - Narkanta and Narikanta Rivers
Nil Mountain
4. Mahavideh (Middle) - Sitoda and Sita Rivers
Nishidh Mountain
5. Harivarsha - Harikanta and Harita Rivers
Mahahimvant Mountain
6. Himavant - Rohitasya and Rohita Rivers
Himvant Mountain
7. Bharata (South) - Sindhu and Ganga Rivers
Jambu-dvip
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Karma_bhumi (Land of Action)
• Three Continents
Bharata, Airavata, and Mahavideh
• Tirthankars are born only in Karma_bhumi
• Religion exist and Liberation is possible
Akarma_bhumi (Land of No Action)
• Four Continents
Hemavat, Harivarsha, Ramyak, Hiranyavat
• Two Sub-continents of Mahavideh
Devkuru and Uttarkuru
• Congenital pairs (yugalins) live
• Land is adorned with wish-granting trees
(kalpa_vraksa) and magnificent ponds.
• No Tirthankar is born
• No Religion exist and hence no liberation
Karma and Akarma Bhumi
• Located in the Southern part of Jambudvip
• Vaitadhya mountain runs from East to West in the middle
(width 50 yojan) divides into two halves (North and
South)
• Two rivers (Ganga and Sindhu) run from North to South.
They divide each North and South sections into three
sub_continents
• Mountain has two tunnels connecting North and South
section
• Chakravarti king rules all six sub_continents (only he can
pass through the tunnels)
• Vasudev king rules three sub_continents
• Southern middle sub_continent is known as Arya_kshetra
• Remaining five sub_continents are known as
Anarya_kshetra (Malechchha)
• Tirthankar is born only in Arya_kshetra
Bharat_kshetra
Bharat-kshetra (India)
Mount Meru is located at the center. It is buttressed by the two
Vaksara mountain ranges which surround two countries known
as Uttara_kuru and Deva_kuru.
Both Kurus are Akarma_bhumi and where congenital pairs
(yugalins) live.
Two rivers (Sita and Sitoda) divides into four parts
Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, Southwest
Each part has 8 sub_continents -
Total 32 sub_continents known as 32 vijays
A Tirthankar may born in each vijay
At present four Tirthankaras exist as follows
• Northeast (Ishan) - Simandhar_swami (8th vijay)
• Southeast (Agni) - Yugamandhar_swami (9th vijay)
• Southwest (Nairutya) - Bahu_swami (24th vijay)
• Northwest (Vayavya) - Subahu_swami (25th vijay)
Mahavedah - kshetra
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Manushya_Lok - (World of Humans)
Humans reside only in Two and Half dvips
(continents)
Jambudvip
Dhataki_khanda
Half of Puskara_dvip
Dhataki_khanda is twice as large as Jambudvip. It
has twice the number of mountains, rivers and
continents of Jambudvip.
Puskara_dvip is twice as large as Dhataki_khanda
but humans reside only in half of Puskar dvip. Hence
it has also twice the number of mountains, rivers,
and continents of Jambu_dvip.
Manushya_Lok
(World of Humans) cont..
Hence Manushya_lok consist of:
Fifteen Karma_bhumi,
Five Bharat_kshetra,
Five Airavat_kshetra,
Five Mahavideh_kshetra (includes Five Mount Meru),
Thirty Akarma_bhumi.
Human, Animals, Birds, Trees, Plants, etc. exist
Human population of Manushya_lok is 10E29
Outside Manushya_lok
Only Animals, Birds, Trees, Plants, etc. exist
Liberation is attained only from Karma_bhumi of Manushya_lok
Nandishwar-dvip52 Eternal Temples
Lower World
Residents
Narakis (Hellish)
Bhavanvasi devas
Naga_kumar, Asur_kumar, Padmavati
7 infernal regions (Narakis)
1st region = 1 Rajju wide
7th region = 7 Rajju wide
Each infernal region is made up of
Clay,
Ice (solid water)
Solid air (ghan vayu)
Thin air (tan vayu)
Space (akas)
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Lower World continued..
Suffering increases from 1st to 7th Hell (Narakis)
Burning heat
Intense cold
Nauseous smells
Unquenchable thirst
Insatiable hunger
Unavoidable torture from each other
Ill treatment from Asuras (upto 3 Narakis)
(Asuras are Bhavanpati devs)
Earth is Flat
Earth is not moving
Sun and Moon moves around Mount Meru (Earth)
Two Suns and Two Moons exist in Jambu-dvip
Mahavideh-kshetra connected to Bharat-kshetra via land
(mountains, rivers, etc..)
Sun is closer to Earth than Moon
Summary
Two Ways to be Fooled
There are two ways to be fooled.
“One is to believe what isn't true;
the other is to refuse to believe what is true."
- Soren Kierkegaard
Scientists at the university of Kalamazoo and the University of
Oshkosh have simultaneously confirmed beyond a reasonable
doubt that
The Earth is not flat and that cruise ships will not fall off
the planet and sail off into space on round-the-world
excursions.