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CAPITULO II

MATERIALES Y METODOS

2.1. UBICACIÓN DEL EXPERIMENTO

UBICACIÓN POLÍTICA:

REGIÓN : APURIMAC

DEPARTAMENTO : APURIMAC

PROVINCIA : ANDAHUAYLAS

DISTRITO : TALAVERA

LUGAR : ARANJUEZ

UBICACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA:

ALTITUD : 2800 m.s.n.m.

LATITUD SUR : 1! "# $%

LONGITUD OESTE : "! 18# 12%

47



2.2. CARACTERISTICAS AGROECOLOGICAS DE LA ZONA EN ESTUDIO

L&s '()*s+'&s m(+(&'&,-)*&s /n s*& +&m&s ( , (s+*-n m(+(&'&,-)*

( An/3,s4 5*& (n (, M*n*s+('*& ( A)'*,+' n ,+*+ 2860

m.s.n.m4 ,+*+ 17 0# 20% 3 ,&n)*+ "7 20# 16%4 s( 9(( (s'*5*' (,

&m9&'+m*(n+& ,*m+*& ( , ;&n s*(n& ,s*<*& ( , s*)*(n+(

mn(':

* Teme!"#$!".

L +(m9('+' 'n+( (, =& >'? &n +(m9('+'s ,+s @( ,,()n /s+

,&s 2.0 !C (n 9'&m(*& 3 s( (n+'( ,&s m(s(s ( &+5'( n&>*(m5'(.

Ls +(m9('+'s m?n*ms ,,()n /s+ ,&s 0.26 !C (n 9'&m(*&

9'(s(n+n&s( (n+'( ,&s m(s(s ( n*& ,*&4 ,s +(m9('+'s +n 5s

9'&( ,s /(,s.

* P!e%&&#"%&'(.

S( 9(( (*' @( ,s 9'(*9*+*&n(s s( *n**n (s( ,&s m(s(s (

&+5'( B n&>*(m5'( ,,()n& n 9'&m(*& ( 2.8" mmm(s.4 ,,()n&

/s+ ,&s m(s(s ( m';& B 5'*, &5+(n*(n& n 9'&m(*& ( 1.0 mmm(s.

* S$e).

E, s(,& ( , ;&n (, 9'&3(+& +*(n( n +&9&)'<? s* 9,n ( +(+'

'*,,&s 3 9 '5,( (s ( 0.0 m. (n 9'&m(*&4 (n n+& m+('*

&')n* (s 9&5'(4 9&' ,& @( s( +'+ ( n s(,& 9(s& ( &,&' m''-n

9&& &s'&4 (s& (s (5*& , 5& &n+(n*& ( m+('* &')n*.

* A+$".

L <(n+( ( ) +*,*;& (n (, 9'&3(+& 9'&>*(n( ( n 9@*, @( s(

(n(n+' 5*& /* (, S' B Es+( ( A'n(;4 &n 5(n , ( 2.1

,+ss() ( 'F)*m(n 9('mn(n+(4 (s+ ) (s &n* m(*n+( n n,

( +*('' 5*('+ 9&' ,&s m*sm&s 9&5,&'(s (, ,)'.

48



", C"!"%#e!-#&%" /e) S$e).

S( '(,*;- (, n,*s*s <?s*& @?m*& (, s(,&4 (n (, ,5&'+&'*& ( S(,&s 3

An,*s*s &,*' N*&,s R&,(+% (, P'&)'m ( Ps+&s ( , Un*>('s*

N*&n, ( Sn C'*s+-5, ( Hmn) ,s m(s+'s ( s(,& '(9&'+s

( +& (, '( (n (s+*&4 n 9'&m(*& ( 0.0 m(+'&s ( 9'&<n*4 (

, 9 '5,(4 , +&m ( m(s+'s s( '(,*;- &n ,s +Fn*s ( m(s+'(&

&n&*s

En (, ,5&'+&'*& s( '(,*;'&n (, n,*s*s ( '+('*;*-n s&5'( (

A'(n4 ( ,*m& 3 ( A'*,, 9' (+('m*n' , ,s( +(+',4 9H (,

)4 , &n+*>* (,F+'*4 m+('* &')n*4 n*+'-)(n& +&+, 9*

( m9&4

2.0. MATERIALES:

L&s m+('*,(s @( s( +*,*;'&n (n (, +'5& (9('*m(n+, <('&n:

K L*5'(+ ( m9& 3 ,9*('&.

K Cm' <&+&)'<*.

K R&,,&

K C'+(, ( P'(,.

K C&'(, 3 R<*.

K C''*;&.

E$& 3e!!"m&e(#":

K T'+&' ( *s& 9' 9'(9'' (, +(''(n&.

K P*& 3 ;-n 9' (n m&m(n+& ( , s*(m5' 3 9&'@(.

K *n/ 3& ,(-m(+'&.

K T('m-m(+'&.

K P,>*-m(+'&.

K &,ss 9,s+*s 9' (, m(s+'(& (, s(,&.

K M&/*, ( <m*)'.

K ,( 9' m(;,' (, )'& @?m*&.

49



I($m:

K S(m*,, ( P9.

K S(m*,, ( A'>(.

K ('+*,*;n+(s N*+'-)(n&4 <-s<&'& 3 9&+s*&.

K Ins(+**s

2.4. METODOLOGÍA:

L &n*-n (, (9('*m(n+& s( '(,*;- (n (, D*s+'*+& ( T,>(' 3 s(

(n(n+' n ,+*+ ( 2800 m.s.n.m.

2.4.1 P"!" )" &(#")"%&'( /e ) %$)#&5 e &+$&e!( ) &+$&e(#e

!%e/&m&e(#:

1. M$e#!e /e $e) @( s( '(,*;- (n <&'m ( ;*) ;) &9n& +&& (,

'( (9('*m(n+, /*(n& n m(;, /&m&)Fn( 3 '(,*;n& (, '+(&

9' ,&)'' , n+* ( 2 *,&s 9' (, (s+*& ( n,*s*s ( s(,&

(n (, L5&'+&'*& (, P'&)'m ( In>(s+*)*-n ( Ps+&s 3 Gn('? (

, Un*>('s* N*&n, ( Sn C'*s+-5, ( Hmn).

2. Re$)#"/ /e )"6!"#!& L&s '(s,+&s &5+(n*&s '+('*;n @( (,

s(,& +*(n( n ,s( +(+', '*,,&s4 , 9* ( m9& (s (

1."24 ,& @( /( @( (, ) ( '*()& s( *n<*,+'' ,(n+m(n+(.

En n+& s( '(<*('( , (>,*-n ( , <('+*,* (, s(,& s( '(9&'+ @(

(, s(,& &n+*(n( 0.12 ( N*+'-)(n& +&+,4 2.66 99m. ( <-s<&'& 3 6$.2

99m. ( 9&+s*&4 9('m*+*Fn&n&s (+('m*n' ,&s '(@('*m*(n+&s (

<('+*,*;*-n 3 n*>(,(s ( 5&nm*(n+& (&s 9' (s+( s(,&.

0. P!e"!"%&'( /e #e!!e( &em6!" S( +*,*;- n '& ( *s& 9' ,

9'(9'*-n (, m9& (9('*m(n+,4 ,()& s( 9'&(*- s(m5'' ,&s

,+*>&s 9'&9(s+&s.

50



4. C7)%$) /e )" /em"(/" /e "+$" 8!e%$e(%&" /e !&e+ L&s +&s

m(+(&'&,-)*&s &5+(n*&s ( , (s+*-n ( An/3,s &m&:

+(m9('+'4 /m( '(,+*>4 9'(*9*+*-n4 (+. N&s 9('m*+*- (, ,,& (

, (mn ( ) (m9,(n& ,s <-'m,s (m9?'*s4 &m& (, (

H')'(>(s &5+(n*Fn&s(:

Q E>9&+'ns9*'*-n P&+(n*, ET&.

Q C&(<**(n+(s ( ,&s ,+*>&s 9' 99 3 '>(.

Q Lm*n ( ).

Q '((n* ( '*()& ,, 3 s( sm*- 2 <'((n*s n+('*&'(s 3 2

9&s+('*&'(s , ,,.

9. I(#")"%&'( /e ) %$)#&5 S( *ns+,'&n (n , 9'*m(' s(mn (, m(s

( ,*&4 s(m5'n& (, ,+*>& ( 99 , >'*( n/n% 3 (, ,+*>& (

'>( ( , >'*( s3%4 (, m9& (9('*m(n+, +>& , s*)*(n+(

'+('?s+*:

P' (, ,+*>& ( 99:

D*s+n* (n+'( s'&s. 0.80 m.

D*s+n* (n+'( )&,9(s. 040 m.

D*s+n* ( +'+m*(n+& +'+m*(n+&. 1.00 m.

D*s+n* (n+'( )'9&s ( '(9(+**&n(s 1.0 m.

P' (, ,+*>& ( '>(:

D*s+n* (n+'( s'&s. 0."0 m.

D*s+n* (n+'( )&,9(s. 042 m.

D*s+n* ( +'+m*(n+& +'+m*(n+&. 1.00 m.

D*s+n* (n+'( )'9&s ( '(9(+**&n(s 1.0 m.

51



. A)&%"%&'( /e) R&e+; E, '*()& s( 9,*'&n m(*n+( s'&s 3 (

('& ,&s +'+m*(n+&s4 ,s <'((n*s ( '*()&s 9'((+('m*ns 3

&'(s ,&s ,+*>&s *ns+,&s.

E, '*()& s( mn(- m(*n+( n n, ( +*('' (, , &n? n ,

( 1.0 ,.9.s. (s+( , <( *s+'*5*& (n +'& s'&s ( n s&,&

+'+m*(n+&4 s'& +(n* n ,&n)*+ ( . m+s.

E, , @( ,,(>5 s'& (' ( 0.2 ,.9.s. 3 (, '(s+& s( 9('*- (n (,

m&m(n+& (, >n( (, ) 9&' (, s'&.

E, ) @( (n+'- , s'& s( m**- <&'n& &n n&s '(*9*(n+(s &n

m(*s4 &n+'&,n& (, >&,m(n 3 (, +*(m9&.

<. P"!7me#! /e e5")$"%&'(: S( (>,'&n ,&s s*)*(n+(s 9'm(+'&s

Q A,+' ( 9,n+.

Q Nm('& ( V*ns.

Q R(n*m*(n+&

2.4.2 CALCULO DE LA LAMINA NETA Y BRUTA PARA LOS CULTI=OS DE

PAPA Y AR=E>A.

1, C( )" &+$&e(#e !e)"%&(e e /e#e!m&("!( )" )7m&(" (e#"? )"m&("

6!$#" )" 8!e%$e(%&" /e !&e+:

", Lámina Teórica o Lámina Neta.

( )Pr **

100 Da

PMP CC LT

−

=

D&n(:

LT Lm*n T(-'* - Lm*n N(+.

CC C9* ( m9&.

PMP Pn+& ( M'/*+(; P('mn(n+(.

D D(ns* A9'(n+(.

P' P'&<n* ( R?(s.

6, Lámina Real o Lámina Bruta.

52



Eap

LT LR =

D&n(:

LR Lm*n R(, & Lm*n '+.

LT Lm*n T(-'*.

E9 E<**(n* ( A9,**-n 0 .

%, Calculo de la Frecuencia de Riego (Fr).

ETc

LT Fr =

D&n(:

' '((n* ( R*()&.

LT Lm*n T(-'*.

ET E>9&+'ns9*'*-n (, ,+*>& mm? P'&m(*&

2, De#e!m&("%&'( /e) %&%) 5e+e#"#&5 /e ) %$)#&5.

C*,& V()(++*>& ( , P9 (s ( QQQQQQQQQQQQQ 120 ?s

C*,& V()(++*>& ( , A'>( (s ( QQQQQQQQQQQQQ 120 ?s

0, De#e!m&("%&'( /e) @% /e) C$)#&5.

(/ ( S*(m5' QQQQQQQQQQQQQ 10 ( ,*& (, 200

53



Cuadro Nº 01: Kc de la Papa

E+9s D'*-n ?s (/ 1! E+9 2 10 ( ,*& , 0 ( )&s+& 0.2! E+9 0 0 ( )&s+& , 02 ( s(+*(m5'( 0."! E+9 0 0 ( s(+*(m5'( , 12 ( &+5'( 1.1! E+9 2 1 ( &+5'( , 0$ ( n&>*(m5'( 0.8

F$e(#e: E)"6!"%&'( P!&".

Gráfico Nº 01: C&(<**(n+( (, ,+*>& ( 99.

Fuente: Elaboración Propia

Cuadro Nº 02: Kc de la Arveja

E+9s D'*-n ?s (/ 1! E+9 2 10 ( ,*& , 0 ( )&s+& 0.

54



2! E+9 0 ( )&s+& , 0" ( s(+*(m5'( 0.80! E+9 0 08 ( s(+*(m5'( , 1$ ( &+5'( 1.1! E+9 20 1" ( &+5'( , 0$ ( n&>*(m5'( 0."

Fuente: Elaboracin Propia!

Gráfico Nº 02! C&(<**(n+( (, ,+*>& ( '>(

(n+(: E,5&'*-n P'&9*

4, C7)%$) /e) E#% /e) %$)#&5.

Cuadro Nº 0": Evapotran#piracin Potencial del cultivo de Papa $Etc%

(/

D'*-n

?s

E+&

mm?

E+

mm?D(, 10 ,*& , 1 ( ,*& 22 . 0. 1.8

55



D(, 01 A)&s+& , 0 ( A)&s+& 0 .$ 0. 1.$20D(, 0 A)&s+& , 1 ( A)&s+& 28 .$ 0." 2."00D(, 01 S(+*(m5'( , 02 ( S(+*(m5'( 02 .0 0." .00D(, 0 S(+*(m5'( , 0 ( S(+*(m5'( 28 .0 1.1 .$00D(, 01 O+5'( , 12 ( O+5'( 12 . 1.1 .0$0

D(, 1 O+5'( , 1 ( O+5'( 16 . 0.8 ."0D(, 01 N&>*(m5'( , 0$ N&>*(m5'( 0$ ." 0.8 .66 T&+, ( D?s . 120 P'&m(*& (, ET .. .2"

(n+(: E,5&'*-n P'&9*

Cuadro Nº 0&: Evapotran#piracin Potencial del cultivo de Arveja $Etc%

(/D'*-n

?s

E+&

mm?

E+

mm?D(, 10 ,*& , 1 ( ,*& 22 . 0. 1.8

D(, 01 A)&s+& , 0 ( A)&s+& 0 .$ 0. 1.$20D(, 0 A)&s+& , 1 ( A)&s+& 28 .$ 0.80 2.880D(, 01 S(+*(m5'( , 0" ( S(+*(m5'( 0" .0 0.80 .200D(, 08 S(+*(m5'( , 0 ( S(+*(m5'( 2 .0 1.1 .$00D(, 01 O+5'( , 1$ ( O+5'( 1$ . 1.1 .0$0D(, 1" O+5'( , 1 ( O+5'( 1 . 0." .00D(, 01 N&>*(m5'( , 0$ N&>*(m5'( 0$ ." 0." .2 T&+, ( D?s . 120 P'&m(*& (, ET .. .208

(n+(: E,5&'*-n P'&9*

9, L" /em"(/" /e A+$" $e e 6#e(&e!( e( ) /&8e!e(#e

#!"#"m&e(# (:

P"!" A!5e": '( s(m5' 1 m2

T'+m*(n+& 01 1.$ m

T'+m*(n+& 02 10.$1 m

T'+m*(n+& 0 0"."$ m

T'+m*(n+& 0 10.$1 m

T'+m*(n+& 0 1$.$0 m

P"!" P"": '( s(m5' 1$2 m2

56



T'+m*(n+& 01 1$.0 m

T'+m*(n+& 02 1.0$ m

T'+m*(n+& 0 1.$6" m

T'+m*(n+& 0 11.1 m

T'+m*(n+& 0 06."68 m

2.9 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS CULTI=OS:

Cuadro Nº 0': Caracter(#tica# de lo# cultivo#

CULTI=O PERIODO =ARIEDAD LUGAR ALTITUD FEC3A DE SIEMBRA

P9 m(s(s Cn/n T,>(' 2800 J,*& (, 200 A'>( m(s(s Us3 T,>(' 2800 J,*& (, 200

2.. TIPO DE IN=ESTIGACIÓN:

s*4 E9('*m(n+, 3 A9,*.

2.<. CRITERIOS DE E=ALUACIÓN:

Ls 9'(,s s( '()'&n 9* ( m9& 9' @( ,&s ,+*>&s +(n)n

n /m( ( 'n+( (, *,& >()(++*>& (, ,+*>& ( , '>( 3

, 99.

L&s 9'm(+'&s @( s( (>,'&n (n (, +'5& (9('*m(n+, (n (, s& (,

,+*>& ( , A'>( <('&n , ,+' ( 9,n+4 nm('& ( >*ns 3 (,

'(n*m*(n+& 3 9' (, s& (, ,+*>& ( , 99 <( (, '(n*m*(n+&.

En , ,*5'(+ ( m9& s( '()*s+''&n ,&s +&s ( , n+* ( '*()&s 3 ,s

<(/s ( '*()&s (<(+&s 'n+( (, +'5& ( (9('*m(n+*-n.

2.. ANÁLISIS ESTADISTICO:

57



E, n,*s*s (s+?s+*& @( s( +*,*;- 9' , (>,*-n (, (9('*m(n+& (n

n+& , '(n*m*(n+& ( , '>( >('( (n >*n4 '>( (n )'n& s(& 3 (,

'(n*m*(n+& (, ,+*>& ( 994 (s+ 5s& (n , técnica de la

regresión 5sn& (, m(&' m&(,& (n+'( , '(,*-n ( , <'((n* (

'*()& 3 (, '(n*m*(n+&. E, (9('*m(n+& s( &n& (n (, diseño Bloque

completo randomiado.

P' (, n,*s*s ( , '()'(s*-n (, (9('*m(n+& s( 5s- (n ,&s s&<W'4 @(

s&n (, SAS4 @( n&s s*'>*- 9' , 5s@( (, m(&' m&(,& 3 (, EXCEL

+*,*;m&s 9' , )'<* '(s9(+*>.

E, 9'm(+'& (>,' <('&n ,s F!e%$e(%&" /e R&e+ ms (s

@( n((s*+n ,&s ,+*>&s ( 99 3 '>(4 9' @( 9(n (s''&,,'s(

(m(n+( 3 s( &5+(n)n 5(n&s '(n*m*(n+&s.

S( &n+'&,'&n *n& +'+m*(n+&s &n +'& '(9(+**&n(s 9&'

+'+m*(n+&4 &5+(n*Fn&s( n +&+, ( 20 n*(s (9('*m(n+,(s.

En , *ns+,*-n s( '(,*;'&n , *s+'*5*-n &n 5,&+s 'n&m*;n&

&m9,(+m(n+( , ;'. C n* (9('*m(n+, (s+ &n<&'m 9&':

PAPA:

L&n)*+ (, s'& .0 m.

D*s+n* (n+'( s'&s n/& 0.80 m(+'&s.

Nm('& ( s(m*,,s 9&' )&,9(s 01 s(m

ARVEJA:

L&n)*+ (, s'& .0 m.

58



D*s+n* (n+'( s'&s n/& 0."0 m(+'&s.

Nm('& ( s(m*,,s 9&' )&,9(s 0 s(m

CALCULO DE ABONAMIENTO

Re$)#"/ /e) "(7)&& /e) $e)

An,*s*s M(n*&

A'(n 1.20

A'*,, .$0

L*m& 2.20

C,s( T(+', A'*,,&s

9H 8.0

C.E 1.$ mm/&sm

M.O 2.8

N. T&+, 0.12

P 2.66 99m

6$.20 99m

H7 H*)'&s-9* $.80

CC 1."2

59



PMP 1".6

D 1.22 )'m 1220 )m

S&,*-n:

1. =)$me( /e S$e):

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )ofundidad AnchoSueloosuelo L HaVolSuelo Pr **arg=

V&,. S(,& H 2000 m

2. Pe /e S$e)

P(s& S(,& H 204000 )H

POR LO TANTO

N. T&+, 2628 )H

E, &(<**(n+( ( m*n(',*;*-n (s ( 2 4 (s+& ( ('& +5, 9&' (,

+*9& ( s(,&.

S(,& 'n& A'*,,&s& 3 A'*,,&s& QQQQQQQQQQQQQ 0.01 Q 0.022628 )H K 0.01 .62 )N*++'&)M*n(',H=&

21.6$ )N*++'&)M*n(',Hm9

PARA EL FÓSFORO

P 99m K P(s& S(,& K C&(<**(n+( P(s& M&,(,'

1000000

18. ) &s<&'&H=&

62.1$" ) &s<&'&Hm9

PARA EL POTASIO

11$6." ) P&+s*&H=&

8.8" ) P&+s*&Hm9

60



PARA 3ALLAR CON LA FORMULA DE PRESCRIPCIÓN SE REUIERE

DATOS ADICIONALES.

EXTRACCIÓN DE PAPA. 18 Tn 18000 ) T5

EXTRACCIÓN DE ARVEJA. 2 Tn 2000 ) T5

EXTRACCIÓN DE PAPA EXTRACCIÓN DE ARVEJA

N P N P 8 0 10 12 0 $

U"m 8!m$)" ') %( 8e!#&)&"(#e.

( )3

11* f

f S E Q −=

D&n(: D&s*s ( n+'*(n+(s (n )/

E E+'*-n ( n+'*(n+(s

S A9&'+( ( N+'*(n+(s

<1 Us& ( n+'*(n+(s (, s(,&.N0. P0. 0.$

< Us& ( n+'*(n+(s (, <('+*,*;n+( *n&')n*&. N0. P0.2 0.$

P"!" N.N 12. )/

P"!" P.

P ".8 )/

P"!" @.

Q 1$.8 )/

NIVEL DE AONAMIENTO RECOMENDADO PARA PAPA ES:

N P 1$0 $0 00

NIVEL DE AONAMIENTO RECOMENDADO PARA ARVEJA ES:

61



N P 20 $0 00

62

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