06.ci building electrification - first movers presentation
TRANSCRIPT
Building(Electrification(for(the(Commercial(Sector(Sept(18,(2018First(Movers(Meeting(|(Boston,(MA
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Agenda
• What,is,building,electrification?,• Technologies,for,the,commercial,and,industrial,(C&I),sectors?,• Challenges,for,the,C&I,sectors?• Case,studies?,
Major&shifts&in&energy,&climate,&policy&and&economics&are&influencing&the&heating&and&cooling&market&
• Deep&decarbonization&requires&new&strategies
• Heating&and&cooling&is&a&primary&contributor&to&GHG&emissions
• Strategic&electrification&is&emerging&as&a&leading&decarbonization&
Total&U.S.&Energy&Consumption&by&Sector&(approximate)
Source:&Various&EIA&Sources
Transportation,&29%
Electricity&? resid.&&&com.,&14%
Industrial&? other,&4%
Thermal&? residential,&13%
Thermal&?commercial,&10%
Thermal&?industrial,&28%
Major&shifts&in&energy,&climate,&policy&and&economics&are&influencing&the&heating&and&cooling&market&
• On:site&fossil&fuel&combustion&in&buildings&accounts&for&~15:40%&of&emissions&across&cities
• Thermal&energy&use&is&the&single&largest&source&of&city&GHG&emissions&in&many&heating&dominated&climates.
• Energy&planners¬e&that&grid&decarbonization&and&building&efficiency&will&be&insufficient&to&achieve&80x50&goals&(e.g.&NYC&80x50&Roadmap,&Clean&Energy&DC)&
GHG#emissions#in#Boston#(2013)
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
Electricity Gasoline#&diesel
Natural#gas Fuel#oil Steam
Thermal&energy&makes&up&at&least&37.8%&of&GHG&
emissions&in&Boston&
Source:&Greenovate Boston&2014&Climate&Action&Plan&Update
Defining'Strategic'Building'Electrification'
Building(electrification(is'a'decarbonization'strategy'that'transitions'building'(thermal)'and'some'industrial'sectors'away'from'direct'use'of'fossil'fuels'toward'electric<powered'technologies.
Benefits'&'opportunities'of'electrification'
According'to'RAP,'for'electrification'to'be'beneficial,'it'must'meet'one'or'more'of'the'following'conditions'without'adversely'affecting'the'other'two:'1. Save(consumers(money(over(
the(long(run2. Enable(better(grid(
management3. Reduce(negative(
environmental(impacts.
Low$carbon*electricity*grid
Electrification*of*building*thermal*
loads
Defining'Strategic'Building'Electrification
Definitions*of*electrification*often*include*these*pillars,*though'numerous'other'issues'are'critical to'achieving'an'electrification'market'transformation
Pillars'of'strategic'electrification'
Electrification*of*transportation*
sector
High$efficiencybuildings
Smart*Grid*&*Energy*Storage*
Defining'Strategic'Building'ElectrificationThis'presentation'focuses'on'the'following'sectors'and'applications.
Building(Sectors
• Residential'
•Multifamily• Institutional(•Commercial
Applications(
• Space(Heating(• Space(Cooling•Domestic(Hot(Water• Cooking
• Industrial• Process'Heating'
• Steam'Generation'
Overview'of'Commercial'Technologies'
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Ground'source'(geothermal)'heat'pumps'(GSHP)
Air'source'heat'pumps'(ASHP)
Heat'pump'water'heaters'(HPWH)
Variable'Refrigerant'Flow'(VRF)'
Wide'range'of'technologies'can'serve'space'heating,'space'cooling'&'DHW'needs'
Commercial*Electrification*Technologies
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Technology,*applications,*cost*&*counterfactuals
Technology Space-Heating-
Space-Cooling DHW Capacity Cost- Counter7
factuals
Commercial*Minisplit Y Y
6<36*tons*(scalable)
$3,000<$4,500*per*ton Conventional*
< boiler,*< water*tower,*< chiller,*or*< water*source*heat*pump*
VRF*(Variable*Refrigerant*Flow)* Y Y
$7,000<$9,000*per*ton*
(heat*recovery)*
GSHP*(Ground*Source*Heat*Pump) Y Y Y $5,000<$7,000*
per*ton
HPWH*(Heat*Pump*Water*Heater)* Y 50<80*gallons*
(scalable)*$2,500<$4,000*per*system Hot*water*heater
Barriers'to'Building'Electrification'in'Commercial'Sector'Barriers'are'well6established'in'the'literature'and'reflected'by'expert'interviews
• Lack of consumer and contractor awareness
• Poor awareness of thermal energy impacts
• High installed costs
• Capital constraints
• Ownership priorities
• Split incentives
• Lack of confidence in tech
• Staff training for O&M
• Supply chain gaps
• Fuel switching regulations
• Fossil fuel subsidies
• Lack of economy-wide carbon pricing
Supply Chain & Workforce Barriers
Decision-Making Barriers
Awareness Barriers
Economic Barriers
Policy & RegulatoryBarriers
• Low refurbish-ment rates
• Lack of perform-ance data
Tech. & Building Barriers
Case%Study%|%Condominium%Residences%in%NYC%
• Building(Type:(MF%Condominiums%• Square(Feet: 220,000%sq.%ft.• Rooms: 56%residences• Floors:(20%• Technology:Water%cooled%VRF• Challenge:(Retrofitting%an%older%landmark%building%in%New%York%City%is%never%easy.%Ceiling%height%restrictions,%architectural%design%and%logistical%issues%of%transporting%equipment%in%a%R10%zone,%the%highest%residential%density%in%the%city,%were%some%of%the%key%considerations%and%challenges%for%this%project.%These%residences%required%an%unobtrusive,%quiet%and%individually%controlled%HVAC%system%that%could%match%the%luxurious%architectural%design%of%the%220,000%ft2,%20Qstory%Upper%East%Side%building%that%includes%56%residences%and%numerous%amenities.%
• Solution:(Daikin’s WaterQCooled%VRV%was%chosen%over%chilled%water%systems%or%waterQsource%heat%pump%systems%due%to%the%indoor%units%and%condensing%units’%low%sound%levels,%energy%efficiency%and%space%saving%design,%including%Daikin’s%indoor%ducted%fan%coil%units%that%satisfy%the%interior%architectural%requirements%and%space%constraints%of%the%individual%condominiums.%In%addition,%Daikin%VRV%offers%individual%zone%temperature%control%for%each%condominium%which%was%an%important%specification%from%Macklowe Properties,%the%developer.
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737%Park%Avenue%New%York,%NY%
Source:%Daikin
Case%Study%|%Hotel%in%Toronto%
• Building(Type:(Hotel• Square(Feet: 1,500,000%sq.%ft.• Rooms: 1,373%guest%rooms%across%two%towers%• Floors:(43(floors((Queen(tower),(11(floors((Richmond(tower)
• Technology:Water%cooled%VRF• Challenge:(The%existing%twoGpipe%chiller%system%only%allowed%for%either%heating%or%cooling.%The%system%was%deteriorating%and%not%providing%the%ability%to%heat%and%cool%rooms%independently.%A%replacement%system%was%required%to%integrate%with%existing%building%controls,%and%comply%with%CSA%B52%refrigerant%limitations.%
• Solution:(The%Sheraton%Centre%Toronto%decided%to%install%a%Daikin%VRV%system.%The%decision%was%based%on%the%system’s%ability%to%operate%in%heating%and%cooling%modes%simultaneously%between%guest%suites.%The%Daikin%VRV%system%also%operates%at%lower%sound%levels,%and%provided%a%competitive%total%installation%cost%compared%to%other%options.
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Sheraton%Centre%Toronto
Source:%Daikin
Opportunities+for+District+Heating+and+Electrification
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Bornholm,+Denmark+Case+Study:+The+Bright+Green+Island+&+Grid+of+the+Future
28,000%customers,55%MW%peak%load
36+ MW+wind
16+MW CHP+(biomass)
2 MW+solar+PV
2+MW+biogas+plant
5 district+heating+plants
Goal:%100%%renewable%energy%by%2025
