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1Jul. 10th 2005 Huawei Copyright 2004

Introduction to Huawei

UMTS Radio Network Dimensioning

(RND)

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Part 1. Context, Concepts and

Rationale

Part 2. Introduction to Huawei RNDtool

Agenda

Part 3. RND tool: Example and

Exercise

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Context

Huawei C3Q principle of Radio Network Planning

(RNP)

Coverage: Largest coverage for profitable services

Capacity: Highest capacity with limited resources

Cost: Lowest total cost of ownership (CAPEX + OPEX)

Quality: Best quality for key services

Coverage and Capacity analysis are the core of

UMTS radio network planning Our goal is to balance customers requirements of coverage,

capacity, cost and quality.

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Context (2)

This presentation is focused on the rationaleand

toolof Radio Network Dimensioning

Perform radio networkdimensioning

Conduct nominal planning

Conduct Cell planning

Identify RNP goalsOur focus

is h ere!

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Concepts

Coverage analysis

The major activity is RLB(radio l ink budget) that calculates the

maximum allowed pathloss, and thus cell range can be derived

using a proper propagation model

Capacity DimensioningTranslate traffic model, subscriber density and behaviours into

capacity requirements

Coverage and Capacity: a trade-offWCDMA system: an intrinsically interference-limited system.

Loading analysisserves as the linkage between coverage and

capacity analyses

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Rationale

Rationale of RLB and capacity dimensioning

1. Scenarios of analysis

2. L ink budget model and key parameters

WCDMA specif ic parameters

3. Capacity dimensioning

4. I terative coverage and capacity planning

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1. What are the scenarios of analysis in Radio

Network Dimensioning?

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Scenarios of analysis

Morphology

Generally, planned areas are classified into five types:

Dense Urban

Urban

Suburban

Rural Area

Highway

The parameters that are contingent on morphology type

include:

Mean penetration loss Standard deviation of log-normal fading

Path loss exponent and other factors in propagation model

Etc.

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Scenarios of analysis (3)

Channel model

The channel model defines the number of signal path,relative path loss and delay variance to abstract the wireless

channel.

According to specifications of 3GPP R4(TR25.943 V4.0.0),

typical channel models are used as following:

Static: no multipath

TU3: typical urban area, pedestrian, 3km/h

TU50: typical urban area, vehicle, 50km/h

TU120: typical urban area, vehicle,

120km/hRA120: rural area, vehicle, 120km/h

RA250: rural area, vehicle, 250km/h

HT120: high terrain, vehicle, 120km/h

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Channel model (Cont.)

Values of some parameters vary with the channel inthe wireless environment. The variances are acquired

generally by the link simulation.

Link performance: required Eb/No in both channels

Downlink interference margin: due to the variance of

orthogonal factor in different channel environments

Fast fading margin (Power control headroom): due to

different link performance

Soft handover gain over fast fading margin: due todifferent link performance

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Indoor coverageWhether indoor coverage is available depends on the

intention of the operator.

The penetration loss and the standard deviation of log-

normal fading are subject to the requirement for indoor

coverage.

Targeted service (for seamless coverage)To identify the kind of service for seamless coverage, the

coverage planning strategy needs to be aligned with the

operators business strategy.


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2. What are the key parameters in WCDMA

radio link budget?

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TX

DUPLEXER FEEDER

RX

Pout_BS

Lc_BSLf_BS

Ga_BSNodeB

TX

RX

Pout_U

E

Ga_UE

UE

DUPLEXER

PL_D

LPL_

UL

SLOW FADING

MARGIN

PENETRATION

LOSSBODY LOSS

Radio Link Budgetbasic model

The basic RLB model in a radio

system

Rationale of RLB

The link path between

transmitter and

receiver is broke down

into components of

analysis.

Then, coverage

capability of a radio

system is the collective

effects of thesecomponents.

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Key parameters in RLB

1. Maximum transmission

power of TCH

2. Cable loss & body loss

3. Antenna gain

4. EIRP (Equivalent isotropic

Radiation Power)

5. Noise figure

6. Required Eb/No

7. Sensitivity of receiver

Margin of background noise

Minimum required signal strength

Penetration loss

Log-normal fading margin

Radio propagation model

Interference margin

Fast Fading Margin

Soft H andover Gain

WCDMA

specific

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What are the WCDMA specif ic parameters

in RLB?

Required Eb/N0

Interference margin

Fast fading margin

Soft handover gain

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Required Eb/N0

Needed by the user service to maintain the link

with acceptable quality

Downlink and uplink Eb/N0

Output from Link-level Simulation accordingto the following factors:

Channel type

Mobile speed

QoS

Receiver implementation

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Interference Margin

The interference margin is used to account for theincrease in the interference level within the cell

due to other users.

It introduces a way into RLB to account for theloading of the cell. More loading is allowed in a

cell, the larger margin is required, which induces

smaller cell range.

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Uplink Loading

The loading factor can be defined as:

Where Rjis the bit rate of the j-th link in the cell

jis the user activity factor

i is the other to own cell interference ratio

EbN0is the target for the j-th link in the cell

W is the chip rate

N

j

jjjb

UL

vR

W

NE

i1

0

1

)/(

11

11

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Uplink Interference Margin

The uplink interference margin should be

equal to the maximum planned noise rise in

BS receiver:

UL

UL NoiseRiseIM

1

1

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Downlink Loading

In the Downlink the loading factor can be

expressed as

Where jis the orthogonality factor in the downlink

Rjis the bit rate of the j-th link in the cell

jis the user activity factorijis the other to own cell interference ratio of j-th link

Eb/N0is the target for the j-th link in the cell

W is the chip rate

N

jjj

jjjb

DL i

vR

W

NE

1

0

)1(1

)/(

11

1

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Downlink Interference Margin

The downlink interference margin should be equal to

the planned maximum noise rise in the receiver ofUE on cell edge. For a user j on cell edge:

DL

N

n j

n

n

nbn

Nj

CCH

jj

N

jTXBSjj

N

OCSCN

N

Totalj

CL

CL

RW

NEv

PCL

P

i

P

CLPi

P

IIPP

jINoiseRise

1

]/

)/([

)(1

/)(1

)(

1

0

_

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Downlink Interference Margin (2)

Where jis the orthogonality factor in the downlink

Rjis the bit rate of the j-th link in the cell

jis the user activity factor

ijis the other to own cell interference ratio

Eb/N0is the target for the j-th link in the cellW is the chip rate

PCCH is the common channel power transmitted by the BS

PN is the noise floor of UE

CLj is the coupling loss, which is the loss between the antenna

connectors of BS cabinet and UE receiver for j-th link

CableLossennaeGainsOfAntnLossPenetratioBodyLossPathLossCL

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CLSIRNCL

RW

NEvENCL

RW

NEv n

n

nbnn

N

n n

nbn

]}

/

)/({]

/

)/([ 0

1

0

)()]}1(/

)/({[

)]1(/

)/([)1(

1

)/(

11

1

0

1

0

1

0

iSIRNiRW

NEvEN

iRW

NEvi

vR

W

NE

jj

j

jb

n

N

jjj

j

jb

n

N

jjj

jjjb

DL

Assuming there are enough users in the cell and

demodulation performance is irrelevant to location,such approximation can be supposed:

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So the downlink interference margin can be written as:

)/

(1

)(1

1

]/

)/([

)(1

}1

]/

)/([

)(1{

1

0

1

0

j

DL

N

jCCH

DL

jj

DL

N

n j

n

n

nbn

Nj

CCH

jj

DL

N

n j

n

n

nbn

Nj

CCH

jj

jDL

CL

CL

iP

CLPi

CL

CL

RW

NEv

PCL

P

i

CL

CL

RW

NEv

PCL

P

iE

NoiseRiseIM

Note: mean values without subscript j refer to averaging over all users in

the cell; mean values with subscript j refer to averaging over users on the

cell edge.

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Interference Margin vs. Load Factor

An example of downlink interference margin vs.

downlink loading with balanced links is depictedas:

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Total Transmission Power vs. Load Factor

In the downlink, it is important to estimate the total

amount of BS transmission power required.

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Fast Fading Margin

In the link budget, the required EbNo is estimated by the link-

level simulation with the assumption of perfect power control.

The assumption will be invalid If a terminal transmits with

maximum power on the cell edge and subsequently suffers

from fast fading. It is because the terminal cannot respond to

the power increase command issued by power control

algorithm from RNC.

The fast fading margin, or PC headroom, is included to account

for the additional headroom needed in the mobile station

transmission power to maintain adequate power.

Consequently, fast fading margin can be calculated as:

perfectPCEbNonoPCEbNoheadroomPC ___

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Soft Handover Gain

Soft handover gain accounts for the diversity

gain achieved during soft handover conditions.

In link budget, we divide it into two parts as

follows:

SHO gain over fast fading (Macro Diversity CombiningGain)

Reduce the requirement for EbNo on the cell edge

Estimated in different circumstances by the link-level

simulation

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Soft Handover Gain (2)

SHO gain over slow fading (Multicell Gain)

More uncorrelated paths available to reduce the outage

probability

The outage probability on the cell edge in SHO area is

estimated by:

db

aQeR

SHOR

OutageSHO

2_ )]([2

1)(Pr

2

The gain can be resulted from:

SHORSingleRG __

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3. What is the rationale of WCDMA air

inter face Capacity dimensioning?

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Capacity dimensioning: purpose

Estimate Supported Subscribers

Cell Resource

Mixed Services

Service Traffic

Respective GoS

Estimate Site Number and Configuration

Site number

CE number

E1 per site

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Capacity dimensioning: difficulties

Cell edge is continuously moving accordingto the traffic load

Mixed services: multiple data rates

Respective GoS Requirement

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Capacity dimensioning: rationale

WCDMA capacity is determined by both uplink and

downlink maximum allowed interference which isquantitated by loading analyses.

Uplink load equation

C

N/E

data/voice

R

WAob

1010

1

1

Downlink load equation

C

N/E

data/voice

R

WA

ob

1010

1

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Capacity analysis: rationale (2)

Service model and subscriber behaviours

collectively determine the traffic model which

ultimately determines the capacity requirements.

Service modeling

Subscriber behaviours

Traffic

modeling

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Capacity dimensioning method

Campbells Theorem

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Campbell Theorem

Virtual Service

Video Phone Call

Voice Call

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Campbell Theorem (2)

Multi services one Virtual ServiceVirtual Service Load

Virtual Service Traffic

One Service CalculationErlang B Formula

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Campbell Theorem (4)

Virtual service channels

Total Traffic: using Erlang B Formula

virtual

UL

AfN

.1

UL

fM

AN

virtualDL

c

.1.1

DL

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4. What is iterative coverage and capacity

planning?

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Iterative nature of Dimensioning

DU ??km^2U ?? km^2

SU ??km^2

RA ??km^2HW ??km

Geographical information

DU km2

U km2

SU km2

RA km2

HW km

Adjust

UL loadingDownwards

UL cell range

with specific

UL loading

Service-specific Information

Service Type, Proportion

Service DensityService Forecast

DL Loading

in specific

circumstances

Cell Range

Y (Capacity-limited)

COST231-HATA,...

Applicable Propagation Model

COST231-HATA, ...

If the upper limitof configuration

be reached

Large than

Less than (Coverage-limited)

Shrink the Cell

Cell Loading vs.Maximum Allowable Value

N

Add the amount of configuration

(sectorization, carriers,...)

Equal to

SiteConfiguration

Cell Range

Number of Site

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i f i f

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Basic functions provided by Huawei RND tool

Basic functions of RND tool

Radio link budget (UL/DL)

Capacity dimensioning (UL/DL)

Iterative capacity and coverage planning

CE dimensioning

Th i d f RND l

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The input and output of RND tool

Coverage related: Target Area to be

covered

Propagation model

Capacity related:

Traffic type/model Traffic distribution

Forecast of growth

GoS & QoS

Coverage probability

Blocking rate

Equipment related

TMA

Three sector

Others

Scale of network Number of sites

Site configuration

Sectorisation

Carrier number

Cost Cost of Node B

& RNC

equipment

Input Output

Link Budget

Capacity

Estimation

Key Processes

Th i d A l k t RND t l

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Three windows: A look at RND tool

Output

window:

Dimensioning

result

Input window 1:common

parameters

Input window 2:

Advanced

parameters

C t i d

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Common parameter window

Input windowthe common parameters (which

change according to specific project)

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Please group the common parameters into:

Coveragerelated parameters

Capacity related parameters Qualityrelated parameters

Equipmentrelated parameters

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Advanced parameter: the propagation

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p p p gmodel selection

Options of Propagation Model:

COST231-HATA SPM model

ASSET Standard Macrocell

Setting the coefficients

of SPM model: These coefficients derive

from propagation model

calibration.

Any input should be

based on model

calibration value.

Di i i t t

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Dimensioning output

Making sense of the dimensioning results

the output window includes results of:

Link budget result

Network coverage dimension Network iteration dimension

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N t k di i

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Network coverage dimension

Network coverage

dimension result

Network iteration dimension

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Network iteration dimension

Network iteration

dimension result

Agenda

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Part 1. Context, Concepts and

Rationale

Part 2. Introduction to Huawei RNDtool

Agenda

Part 3. RND tool: Example and

Exercise

Example

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Example

Our customer specifies the coverage and

capacity requirements in the following

document.

Interpret the requirements

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Interpret the requirements

Coverage relatedrequirements

1. Continuous coverage service is?

2. Coverage area is?

3. Propagation model specified?

4. Other information?

Capacity related

requirements

1. Subscriber number?

2. Service penetration rate?

3. Service model?4. Traffic distribution and throughput

per user?


Quality related

requirements

1. Coverage probability

2. GOS?

3. Indoor coverage required?


Interpret the requirements (2)

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Coverage related

requirements

Already understood by RND

Capacity related

requirements

Traffic modeling data needs translation in

order for RND to understand.

Quality related

requirements

Already understood by RND

Raw data of customer requirements need to be

translated into RND-readable parameters.

Interpret the requirements (2)

Dimensioning results

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Dimensioning results

Cell range (radius)

Site number

Site configuration

CE number (UL/DL)

Exercise

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Exercise

Operator name: Br il liant Mobil ity

Brilliant Mobilitys coverage and capacity requirements

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