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CHAPTER 25

America Moves to the City, 1865-1900

IV. SINGL-ANS!" M#L$I%L C&'IC.

Mark the one best answer for each of the following questions.

1. The tremendously rapid growth of American cities in the post-Civil ar decades wasa. uniquely American.b. fueled by an agricultural system suffering from poor production levels.c. attributable to the closing of the frontier.d. a trend that affected !urope as well.e. a result of natural reproduction.

". The ma#or factor in drawing country people off the farms and into the big cities wasa. the development of the skyscraper.b. the availability of industrial #obs.c. the compact nature of those large communities.d. the advent of new housing structures known as dumbbell tenements.e. the lure of cultural e$citement.

%. &ne of the early symbols of the dawning era of consumerism in urban America wasa. the development of factories.b. the 'ears catalog.c. advertising billboards.d. public transportation systems.e. the rise of large department stores.

(. hich one of the following has the least in common with the other four)a. slums

b. dumbbell tenementsc. bedroom communitiesd. flophousese. the *+ung ,lock

. The /ew 0mmigrants who came to the nited 'tates after 1223a. had e$perience with democratic governments.b. arrived primarily from 4ermany5 'weden5 and /orway.c. were culturally different from previous immigrants.d. received a warm welcome from the &ld 0mmigrants.e. represented nonwhite racial groups.

6. Most 0talian immigrants to the nited 'tates between 1223 and 17"3 came to escapea. political oppression.b. famine.c. the political disintegration of their country.d. the military draft.e. the poverty and backwardness of southern 0taly.

8. A *bird of passage was an immigrant whoa. came to the nited 'tates to live permanently.

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b. only passed through America on his or her way to Canada.c. was unmarried.d. came to America to work for a short time and then returned to !urope.e. flew from #ob to #ob.

2. Most /ew 0mmigrants

a. eventually returned to their county of origin.b. tried to preserve their &ld Country culture in America.c. were sub#ected to stringent immigration restrictions.d. quickly assimilated into the mainstream of American life.e. converted to mainstream 9rotestantism.

7. 0n the new urban environment5 most liberal 9rotestantsa. believed that a final :udgment ;ay was coming soon.b. were driven out of mainstream seminaries and colleges.c. welcomed ecumenical conversations with

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c. willing to work for lower wages.d. difficult to unioni=e.e. non-!nglish speaking.

1. The American 9rotective Associationa. preached the social gospel that churches were obligated to protect /ew 0mmigrants.

b. was led for many years by ?lorence @elley and :ane Addams.c. supported immigration restrictions.d. established settlement houses in several ma#or cities in order to aid /ew 0mmigrants.e. sought to organi=e mutual-aid associations.

16. The religious denomination that responded most favorably to the /ew 0mmigration wasa.

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e. an emphasis on liberal arts colleges.

"". As a leader of the African American community5 ,ooker T. ashingtona. helped to found the /ational Association for the Advancement of Colored 9eople.b. advocated social equality.c. discovered hundreds of uses for the peanut.

d. promoted black self-help but did not challenge segregation.e. promoted black political activism.

"%. That a *talented tenth of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality withwhites was the view ofa. 4eorge ashington Carverb. ,ooker T. ashington.c. 0da ,. ells.d. . !. ,. ;u ,ois.e. 9aul +aurence ;unbar.

"(. The Morrill Act of 126"a. established womens colleges like Bassar.b. required compulsory school attendance through high school.c. established the modem American research university.d. mandated racial integration in public schools.e. granted public lands to states to support higher education.

". ,lack leader ;r. . !. ,. ;u ,oisa. demanded complete equality for African Americans.b. established an industrial school at Tuskegee5 Alabama.c. supported the goals of ,ooker T. ashington.d. was an e$-slave who rose to fame.e. none of the above.

"6. 0n the decades after the Civil ar5 college education for womena. became more difficult to obtain.b. was confined to womens colleges.c. became much more common.d. resulted in the passage of the >atch Act.e. blossomed especially in the 'outh.

"8. hich of the following wasnotamong the ma#or new research universities founded in the post-Civilar era)a. >arvard niversityb. the niversity of Californiac. :ohns >opkins niversityd. the niversity of Chicagoe. 'tanford niversity

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"2. ;uring the industrial revolution5 life e$pectancya. decreased.b. changed very little.c. was much higher in !urope than in the nited 'tates.d. measurably increased.e. rose for women more than men.

"7. The public library movement across America was greatly aided by the generous financial support froma. the federal governments Morrill Act.b. Andrew Carnegie.c. :ohn ;. enry 4eorge believed that the root of social inequality and social in#ustice lay ina. stock speculators and financiers who manipulated the price of real goods and services.b. labor unions that artificially drove up the prices of wages and therefore goods.c. landowners who gained unearned wealth from rising land values.d. businesspeople who gained e$cessive profits by e$ploiting workers.e. patriarchal ideologies that regarded women as inferior domestic beings.

%". >enry 4eorge argued that the windfall real estate profits caused by rising land prices should bea. ta$ed at a 133 percent rate by the government.b. used to provide low-rent housing for the poor.

c. saved and invested for the benefit of the community.d. looked on as the inevitable consequence of *the survival of the fittest.e. prevented through communal land ownership.

%%. 4eneral +ewis allaces bookBen Hura. achieved success only after his death.b. was based on a popular early movie.c. emphasi=ed that virtue5 honesty5 and hard work were rewarded by success.d. detailed allaces e$periences in the Civil ar.e. defended Christianity against ;arwinism.

%(. Match each of these late-nineteenth-century writers with the theme of his work.

A. +ewis allace 1. success and honor as the products of honesty and hard work,. >oratio Alger ". anti-;arwinism support for the >oly 'cripturesC. >enry :ames %. contemporary social problems like divorce5 labor strikes and

socialism;. illiam ;ean >owells (. psychological realism and the dilemmas of sophisticated women.

a. A-(5 ,-"5 C-%5 ;-lb. A-15 ,-%5 C-"5 ;-(

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c. A-"5 ,-15 C-(5 ;-%d. A-%5 ,-(5 C-05 ;-"e. A-(5 ,-%5 C-"5 ;-l

%. American novelists turn from romanticism and transcendentalism to rugged social realism reflected thea. influence of +atin American literature.

b. heightened awareness of racial problems.c. higher educational level of their readers.d. materialism and conflicts of the new industrial society.e. growing prominence of women writers.

%6. hich of the following prominent post-Civil ar writers did not reflect the increased attention tosocial problems by those from less affluent backgrounds)a. Mark Twain.b. illiam ;ean >owells.c. 'tephen Crane.d. @ate Chopin.e. >enry Adams.

%8. 0n the decades after the Civil ar5 changes in se$ual attitudes and practices were reflected in all of thefollowing e$cepta. soaring divorce rates.b. the spreading practice of birth control.c. more children being born out of wedlock.d. increasingly frank discussion of se$ual topics.e. more women working outside the home.

%2. 0n the course of the late nineteenth century5a. the birthrate increased.b. the divorce rate fell.c. family si=e gradually declined.

d. people tended to marry at an earlier age.e. children were seen as a greater economic asset.

%7. ,y 17335 advocates of womens suffragea. acknowledged that women were biologically weaker than men but claimed that they deserved the

vote anyway.b. temporarily abandoned the movement for the vote.c. formed strong alliances with African Americans seeking voting rights.d. argued that the vote would enable women to e$tend their roles as mothers and homemakers to the

public world.e. insisted on the inherent political and moral equality of men and women.

(3. &ne of the most important factors leading to an increased divorce rate in the late nineteenth centurywas thea. decline in farm income.b. stresses of urban life.c. emerging feminist movement.d. passage of more liberal divorce laws.e. decline of religious organi=ations.

(1. The /ational American oman 'uffrage Associationa. achieved its central political goal in 1272.

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b. conducted an integrated campaign for equal rights.c. abandoned the goals of 'usan Anthony and !li=abeth Cady 'tanton.d. elected 0da ,. ells as its president.e. limited its membership to whites.

(". The growing prohibition movement especially reflected the concerns of

a. the new immigrants.b. big business.c. the poor and working classes.d. middle class women.e. industrial labor unions.

(%. The termRichardsonian in the late nineteenth century pertained toa. sculpture.b. novels.c. painting.d. music.e. architecture.

((. ;uring industriali=ation5 Americans increasinglya. had less free time.b. outlawed cruel and violent sports like bo$ing.c. became less involved in physical sports and games.d. shared a common and standardi=ed popular culture.e. fragmented into diverse consumer markets.

(. hich of the following sports was not developed in the decades following the Civil ar)a. basketballb. bicyclingc. croquetd. college football

e. baseball