05-internal tables

8/7/2019 05-Internal Tables

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Internal TablesInternal Tables


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Internal Tables

Objective:

The following section explains :

Defining Internal Tables

Processing Internal Tables

Accessing Internal Tables

Initializing Internal Tables


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Internal tables are structured data types provided by ABAP/4.

Internal tables cannot be accessed outside the programenvironment.

Purpose of internal tables

Internal tables are used to reorganize the contents of

database tables according to the needs of your program

Internal tables are used to perform calculations on

subsets of database tables.

The number of lines in an internal table is not fixed.

Internal tables exist only during the run time of a

program.

Internal Tables


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Internal Tables

Introduction to Internal Tables

Creating Internal Tables

Working with Internal Tables


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Internal Tables

Introduction to Internal Tables

What are Internal Tables ?

Structure of Internal Tables



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Internal Tables


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Internal Tables

Internal tables are a means of storing data with a

particular structure in ABAP memory.

The data is stored line-by-line in memory, and each

line has the same structure.

The individual columns of a line are known as the

columns of the internal table.


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Internal TablesAn internal table is one of the two structured data

types in ABAP/4.

Internal tables exists only during the runtime of the

program.

Number of lines of an internal table are not fixed.

There are additional commands to loop through

internal tables and process records one by one.


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Structure of Internal TablesAn Internal Table has a header record and individual item records.

The Header record is a temporary holding record for the

Internal Table. The item records are the records already stored in the Internal

Table.

Field1 Field2 Field3 Field4 FieldX

Header

Item1

Item2

Item3


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Header Line

Structure of Internal Tables

Item Lines


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Accessing Internal Tables For accessing Internal Tables we have to use a

work area as an interface for transferring data to

and from the table.


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We can distinguish between two kinds of internal

tables in ABAP/4:

Internal tables with header line

Internal tables without header line


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Accessing Internal TablesExample:-


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Internal Tables


Creating Internal Table Data Types

Creating Internal Table Data Objects.


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Creating Internal Table

Data Types

To create an internal table data type, we use the

TYPESstatement

Syntax:-

TYPES OCCURS .

Example:-

TYPES VECTOR TYPE I OCCURS 10.


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Data TypesExample:-

To define a structured data type, we write:

TYPES: BEGIN OF ,

,

..............END OF .


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Data TypesExample:-

TYPES:BEGIN OF LINE,

COLUMN1 TYPE I,

COLUMN2 TYPE I,

COLUMN3 TYPE I,

END OF LINE.

TYPES ITAB TYPE LINE OCCURS 10.


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Data Objects To create an internal table data object, we use the

DATAstatement

Syntax:-

DATA: BEGIN OF OCCURS ,

,

..............

END OF .


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Creating Internal TableReferring to a StructureSyntax:-

DATA OCCURS [WITH HEADER LINE].

DATA IFLIGHT LIKE SFLIGHT OCCURS 10.

This example creates a data object IFLIGHT

which has the same structure as the database table

SFLIGHT.


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Creating Internal TableReferring to a StructureDATA IMARA LIKE MARA OCCURS 10 WITH HEADER

LINE.

This example creates a data object IMARA

which has the same structure as the database table

MARA.


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Internal Tables


Filling Internal Tables

Reading Internal Tables

Changing and Deleting Lines of Internal Tables

Sorting Internal Tables


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Internal Tables


Loop Processing



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Filling an Internal table:

Append lines using APPEND command

Insert lines using INSERT command

Transport tables using MOVE command


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Filling Internal Tables To append a line to an internal table, use the

APPEND statement as follows:

Syntax:-

APPEND [ TO|INITIAL LINE TO] .


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Example:-DATA: BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 10,

COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE I,END OF ITAB.

DO 3 TIMES.

APPEND INITIAL LINE TO ITAB.

ITAB-COL1 = SY-INDEX. ITAB-COL2 = SY-INDEX * 2.

APPEND ITAB.ENDDO.

LOOP AT ITAB.

WRITE: / ITAB-COL1, ITAB-COL2.

ENDLOOP.


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Filling Internal Tables To insert a new line before a line in an internal table,

we use the INSERT statement.

Syntax :-

INSERT [ INTO|INITIAL LINE INTO]

[INDEX ].


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Example :- DATA: BEGIN OF LINE,COL1 TYPE I,

COL2 TYPE I,

END OF LINE.

DATA ITAB LIKE LINE OCCURS 10.

DO 2 TIMES.LINE-COL1 = SY-INDEX.

LINE-COL2 = SY-INDEX * 2.

APPEND LINE TO ITAB.

ENDDO.

LINE-COL1 = 11. LINE-COL2 = 22.INSERT LINE INTO ITAB INDEX 2.

INSERT INITIAL LINE INTO ITAB INDEX 1.

LOOP AT ITAB INTO LINE.

WRITE: / SY-TABIX, LINE-COL1, LINE-COL2.

ENDLOOP.


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Output :-

line-col1 line-col2

1 0 0

2 1 1

3 11 22

4 2 4


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To copy the entire contents of one internal table into

another in one execution, use theMOVE statement

or the assignment operator (=) as follows:

Syntax:-

MOVE TO .


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DATA: BEGIN OF LINE,

COL1,

COL2,

END OF LINE.

DATA ETAB LIKE LINE OCCURS 10 WITH HEADERLINE.

DATA FTAB LIKE LINE OCCURS 10.

LINE-COL1 = 'A'. LINE-COL2 = 'B'.

APPEND LINE TO ETAB.

MOVE ETAB[] TO FTAB.

LOOP AT FTAB INTO LINE.

WRITE: / LINE-COL1, LINE-COL2.

ENDLOOP.


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Reading Internal tables line by line.

Reading single lines using the index

Reading single lines using a key

Searching Internal tables for character strings

Determining the attributes of Internal tables


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Reading Internal tables line by line.

To read an internal table into a work area line by

line, we can use the LOOP statement.

Syntax:-

LOOP AT [INTO ] [FROM ] [TO ]

[WHERE ].

.....

ENDLOOP.


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Reading Internal TablesDATA: BEGIN OF LINE,

COL1 TYPE I,

COL2 TYPE I,

END OF LINE.


DO 30 TIMES.

LINE-COL1 = SY-INDEX. LINE-COL2 = SY-INDEX * SY-

INDEX.


ENDDO.LOOP AT ITAB INTO LINE FROM 10 TO 25 WHERE COL2 >

400.

WRITE: / SY-TABIX, LINE-COL2.

ENDLOOP.


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Reading Internal TablesExample:-Output:-

line-col221 441

22 484

23 529

24 576

25 625


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Reading single lines using the index

To read a single line from an internal table using

its index, we use theREAD statement as follows:

Syntax:-

READ TABLE [INTO ] INDEX .


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DATA: BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 10,

COL1 TYPE I,

COL2 TYPE I,

END OF ITAB.

DO 20 TIMES.

ITAB-COL1 = SY-INDEX.

ITAB-COL2 = 2 * SY-INDEX.

APPEND ITAB.

ENDDO.READ TABLE ITAB INDEX 7.

WRITE: / ITAB-COL1, ITAB-COL2.


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Reading single lines using self-defined keys:-

Syntax:-

READ TABLE [INTO ] WITH

KEY [BINARY SEARCH].

To read a single line from an internal table with a self-

defined key, we use the WITH KEY option of the

READ statement as follows:


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We can search internal tables for a specific

pattern with the statement SEARCH as follows:

Syntax :-

SEARCH FOR .


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Options :-

STARTING AT

ENDING AT

AND MARK


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Determining the attributes of Internal tables

If we want to find out how many lines are

contained in our internal table or how large we

have defined our OCCURS parameter ,we use

the DESCRIBE statement as follows:-

Syntax:-

DESCRIBE TABLE [LINES ]

[OCCURS ].


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Example:-


COL1 TYPE I,COL2 TYPE I,

END OF LINE.


DATA: LIN TYPE I, OCC TYPE I.

DESCRIBE TABLE ITAB LINES LIN OCCURS OCC.WRITE: / LIN, OCC.

This produces the following output:0 10


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Changing and Deleting Lines

of Internal TablesChanging Lines:-

Changing lines with MODIFY.

Deleting Lines:-

Deleting Lines in a Loop

Deleting Lines Using the Index

Deleting Adjacent Duplicate Entries

Deleting Selected Lines


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of Internal TablesChanging lines with MODIFY:-

Syntax :-

MODIFY [FROM ] [INDEX ]

[TRANSPORTING ... [WHERE

]].


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of Internal TablesExample:-DATA: BEGIN OF LINE,

COL1 TYPE I,

COL2 TYPE I,

END OF LINE.


DO 3 TIMES.

LINE-COL1 = SY-INDEX.

LINE-COL2 = SY-INDEX ** 2.


ENDDO.LINE-COL1 = 10. LINE-COL2 = 10 ** 2 .

MODIFY ITAB FROM LINE INDEX 2.

LOOP AT ITAB INTO LINE.

WRITE: / SY-TABIX, LINE-COL1, LINE-COL2.

ENDLOOP.


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of Internal Tables

Example:-

Output:-

sy-tabix line-col1 line-col2

1 1 12 10 100

3 3 9


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Changing and Deleting Linesof Internal Tables

Deleting Lines in a Loop :-

To delete lines from an internal table in a loop, we usethe DELETE statement

Syntax :-

DELETE .

The system can process this statement only within a

LOOP - ENDLOOPblock


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Changing and Deleting Linesof Internal Tables Deleting Lines Using the Index :-

To delete lines using the index, weuse the INDEXoption with the DELETE statement

Syntax :-

DELETE INDEX .


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of Internal Tables Deleting Adjacent Duplicate Entries :-

Syntax :-

DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATE ENTRIES

FROM [COMPARING ].


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of Internal Tables Deleting Adjacent Duplicate Entries :-

Options:- Without the COMPARING option, the contents of the

standard key fields must be the same

With the COMPARING optionCOMPARING ... ,

With the COMPARING option

COMPARING ALL FIELDS ,


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of Internal Tables Deleting Selected Lines :-

Syntax :-

DELETE [FROM ] [TO ] [WHERE

].


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Sorting Internal Tables

Sorting

SORT table_name.

SORT table_name BY field1 field2.

SORT table_name BY field1 DESCENDING. Default sorting is always ascending.

SORT without field names sorts the complete record (only

non-numeric fields are considered as sort criteria)


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Loop Processing

Calculating Totals:-

To add up the contents of numeric fields in an

internal table during loop processing,we use the

SUM statement.

Syntax :-

SUM.

The system can process this statement only within a

LOOP - ENDLOOP block.


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COL1 TYPE I,COL2 TYPE I,

END OF LINE.


DO 3 TIMES.

LINE-COL1 = SY-INDEX.

LINE-COL2 = SY-INDEX ** 2.


ENDDO.

LOOP AT ITAB INTO LINE.WRITE: / LINE-COL1, LINE-COL2.

SUM.

WRITE: / LINE-COL1, LINE-COL2.

ENDLOOP.


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Loop ProcessingThe Output is as follows:-

line-col1 line-col21 1

6 14

2 4

6 14

3 9

6 14


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Using Control Levels


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Example:

TYPES

: BEGIN OF LINE,COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE I,

END OF LINE.

DATA TAB1 LIKE LINE OCCURS 10.

LINE-COL1 = A. LINE-COL2 = 2.APPEND LINE TO TAB1.

LINE-COL1 = B. LINE-COL2 = 1.

APPEND LINE TO TAB1.

LINE-COL1 = A. LINE-COL2 = 3.

APPEND LINE TO TAB1.LINE-COL1 = C. LINE-COL2 = 4.


SORT TAB1 BY COL1.



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Cont..

LOOP AT TAB1.AT FIRST.

WRITE:/ HEADING.ENDAT.

NEW COL1.WRITE:/ TAB1-COL1.ENDAT.

AT END OF COL1.SUM.WRITE:/ TAB1-COL1, TAB1-COL2.

ENDAT.LAST.

WRITE:/ TAB1-COL1, TAB1-COL2. ENDENDLOOP.


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Clear

initialize header line fields.Syntax

CLEAR . Refresh

delete all lines of a table

does NOT initialize the header line

Syntax

REFRESH .


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Free

deletes all lines of a table and frees the

corresponding memorySyntax

FREE .



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Example:

TYPES

: BEGIN OF LINE,COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE I,

END OF LINE.



LINE-COL1 = B. LINE-COL2 = 1.


CLEAR TAB1.

REFRES

H TAB1.IF TAB1 IS INITIAL.

WRITE:/ TAB1 IS EMPTY.

FREE TAB1.

ENDIF.



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Types of internal tables


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There are two kinds of internal tables in ABAP/4:

Internal tables with header line

If you create an internal table with header line, the system

automatically creates a work area with the same data type as

the lines of the internal table.

Note : Work area has the same name as the internal table.

Internal tables without header line

Internal tables without a header line do not have a table work

area which can be used implicitly you must specify a workarea explicitly.

yp



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There are two ways by which you can create internal tables

First create an internal table data type using the 'TYPES'

statement and then create a data object referring that data

type.

Syntax : TYPE

S OCC

URS

Eg: TYPES : BEGIN OF LINE,

COLUMN1 TYPE I,

COLUMN2 TYPE I,

COLUMN3 TYPE I,

END OF LINE.


g



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Create an internal table data object by referring to a

structure.

Syntax: DATA [WITH HEADER LINE]

Eg: TYPES : BEGIN OF LINE,COLUMN1 TYPE I,

COLUMN2 TYPE I,

COLUMN3 TYPE I,

END OF LINE.


DATA ITAB1 TYPE ITAB.DATA ITAB2 LIKE ITAB1 WITH HEADER LINE.

g



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Creating Internal Tables with header line

In this method an internal table is created with reference to

existing structure ( another internal table or Dictionary

object).

Eg: DATA ITAB LIKE SFLIGHT OCCURS 10 WITH HEADER

LINE.

g



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Create an internal table data object directly with the 'DATA'

statement.

Eg: DATA : BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 0,

COLUMN1 TYPE I,COLUMN2 TYPE I,

COLUMN3 TYPE I,

END OF ITAB.

Note : In this method a header line with same name as theinternal table is created automatically.

g



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Appending Lines:To append a line to an internal table, use the APPEND

statement as follows:

Syntax

APPEND [ TO] .


COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE N,

END OF LINE.




g


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Eg: TYPES : BEGIN OF ITAB1 OCCURS 0,

COL1 TYPE C,COL2 TYPE I,

END OF ITAB1.

ITAB1-COL1 = A. ITAB1-COL2 = 1.

COLLECT TAB1.

ITAB1-COL1 = B. ITAB1-COL2 = 2.COLLECT TAB1.

ITAB1-COL1 = A. ITAB1-COL2 = 1.

COLLECT TAB1.

This Produces the output as follows:A 2

B 2

g



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Inserting lines :

To insert a new line before a line in an internal table, you usethe INSERT statement as follows:

Syntax

INS

ERT [ INTO] [INDEX ].


COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE N,

END OF LINE.

DATA TAB1 LIKE LINE OCCURS 10.LINE-COL1 = A. LINE-COL2 = 1.

INSERT LINE INTO TAB1 INDEX 2.

g



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COPYING INTERNAL TABLES :

To copy the entire contents of one internal table into another,

use theMOVE statement.

Syntax:

MOVE to

Eg: TYPES : BEGIN OF LINE,COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE N,

END OF LINE.

DATA TAB1 LIKE LINE OCCURS 10.DATA TAB2 LIKE LINE OCCURS 10.



MOVE TAB1[ ] TO TAB2.

g



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Filling Internal Table from Database Table:

ExampleTABLESSPFLI.

DATA ITAB LIKE SPFLI OCCURS 10 WITH HEADER

LINE.

SELECT * FROMSPFLI INTO TABLE ITAB

WHERE CARRID = 'LH'.

LOOP AT ITAB.

WRITE: / ITAB-CONNID, ITAB-CARRID.

ENDLOOP.In this example, all lines from the database tableSPFLI in which

CARRID field contains "LH" are read into the internal table ITAB,

where they can be processed further.



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To read data component by component into the internal table.

TABLESSPFLI.

DATA: BEGIN OF ITAB OCCURS 0,

NUMBER TYPE I VALUE 1,

CITYFROM LIKE SPFLI-CITYFROM,

CITYTO LIKE SPFLI-CITYTO,

END OF ITAB.

SELECT * FROMSPFLI WHERE CARRID = 'LH'.

MOVE-CORRESPONDINGSPFLI TO ITAB.

APPEND ITAB.

ENDSELECT.

In this example, all lines from the database tableSPFLI in which

CARRID field contains "LH" are read into the internal table ITAB

one by one, where they can be processed further.



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To read the contents of internal tables for further processing,

you can use either the LOOP or the READ statement.

Reading Internal Tables Line by Line

You use the the LOOP statement to read internal tables line by

line.



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LOOP AT [INTO ] [WHERE ].

.....

ENDLOOP.

Eg: DO 3 TIM

ES

.LINE-COL1 = SY-INDEX. LINE-COL2 =SY-INDEX *

SY-INDEX.


ENDDO.

LOOP AT TAB1 WHERE COL1 > 2.

WRITE : / TAB1-COL1.ENDLOOP.



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You can select a single line by the READ statement:

Syntax:

READ TABLE [INTO ] WITH KEY [BINARY

SEARCH].



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Eg:

TYPES : BEGIN OF LINE,

COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE N,

END OF LINE.DATA TAB1 LIKE LINE OCCURS 10.

DO 3 TIMES.

LINE-COL1 = SY-INDEX. LINE-COL2 =SY-INDEX ** 2.


ENDDO.

READ TABLE TAB1 INTO LINE WITH KEY COL2 = 4.



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The COMPARING addition, the specified table fields of

the structured line type are compared with the corresponding

fields of the work area before being transported. If the

contents of the compared fields are the same, SY-SUBRC is

set to 0. If the contents of the compared fields are not thesame, it returns the value 2.

Syntax:

READ TABLE [INTO ] INDEX COMPARING

.



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Eg:


COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE N,

END OF LINE.

DATA TAB1 LIKE LINE OCCURS 10.DO 3 TIMES.



ENDDO.

READ TABLE TAB1 INTO LINE INDEX 2 COM

PARING COL1COL2.

Modifying Internal tables


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You can modify single line usingMODIFY statement:

Syntax :

MODIFY itab [FROM wa] [INDEX idx].



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Eg:


COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE N,


DO 3 TIMES.



ENDDO.

LINE-COL1 = A.MODIFY TAB1 FROM LINE INDEX 2.


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Eg:


COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE N,

END OF LINE.


DO 3 TIMES.



ENDDO.

LINE-COL1 = A.MODIFY TAB1 FROM LINE TRANSPORTING COL1

WHERE COL2 = 4.

Deleting Internal tables


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To delete lines from an internal table in a loop:

Syntax:

DELETE .

Note: The System can process this statement only within an

LOOP..ENDLOOP block.



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Eg: DO 3 TIMES.

LINE-COL1 = SY-INDEX. LINE-COL2 =SY-INDEX *

SY-INDEX.

APPEND LINE TO TAB1.ENDDO.

LOOP AT TAB1.

IF TAB1-COL1 > 2.

DELETE TAB1.

ENDIF.ENDLOOP.



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TO delete the lines using Index.

Syntax:

DELETE INDEX .



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Eg:


COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE N,END OF LINE.


DO 3 TIMES.

LINE-COL1 = SY-INDEX. LINE-COL2 =SY-INDEX * SY-INDEX.


ENDDO.DELETE TAB1 INDEX 2.


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Eg:


COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE N,

END OF LINE.

DATA TAB1 LIKE LINE OCCURS 10.LINE-COL1 = A. LINE-COL2 = 1.




DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATE ENTRIES FROM TAB1

COMPARING COL1.



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TO delete the Adjacent Duplicates from the Internal Table.

Syntax:

DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATE ENTRIES FROM [

COMPARING

]



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Eg:TYPES : BEGIN OF LINE,

COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE N,

END OF LINE.





DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATE ENTRIES FROM TAB1

COMPARING ALL FIELDS.



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TO delete a set of selected lines from the Internal Table.Syntax:

DELETE [FROM ] [TO ] [WHERE

].



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Eg:


COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE N,






DELETE TAB1 WHERE COL2 = 2.


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Loop Processing


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Calculating the totals within loopendloop.

Syntax: SUM

Loop Processing


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Eg.


COL1 TYPE C,

COL2 TYPE I,

END OF LINE.

DATA TAB1 LIKE LINE OCCURS 10.DO 3 TIMES.



ENDDO.

LOOP AT TAB1.

SUM.ENDLOOP.


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The line condition , at which the statement block within

AT-ENDAT. Meaning

FIRST First line of the internal table

LAST Last line of the internal tableNEW Beginning of a group of line with same

contents in the fields & in the fields of .

END OF End of a group of line with same contents

in the fields & in the fields of .

Note: Before working with control breaks, You should sort theinternal table in the same order as its columns are defined.


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