04/19/23

Covalent Bonding

• Summary

• Hydrogen

• Chlorine

• Oxygen

• Hydrogen Fluoride

• Ammonia

• Water

• Questions

04/19/23

Covalent Bonding

• Covalent bonds form between non-metal atoms

• Covalent bonds involve sharing a pair of electrons

• One electron comes from each atom

• The particle produced is called a MOLECULE

04/19/23

Hydrogen and Hydrogen

H

Molecular Formula

H2

H

MolecularFORMULA?

Graphical Formula

H-HGraphical

FORMULA?

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Chlorine and Chlorine[outer shells only]

Cl2

ClCl

MolecularFORMULA?Cl-ClGraphical

FORMULA?

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Oxygen and Oxygen [outer shells only]

OO

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Oxygen and Oxygen [outer shells only]

O2

OO

MolecularFORMULA?O=O

GraphicalFORMULA?

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Hydrogen and Fluorine[outer shells only]

HF

F

MolecularFORMULA?H-F

GraphicalFORMULA?

H

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Nitrogen and Hydrogen (Ammonia)

H

H

HN

NH3

NH H

H

GraphicalFORMULA?

MolecularFORMULA?

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Hydrogen and Oxygen

H

O

H2OO

H H

GraphicalFORMULA? Molecular

FORMULA?

H

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QUESTIONS• Draw dot and cross diagrams, and write the

graphical & molecular formulae, to show the covalent bonding in:

1. Hydrogen Chloride2. Carbon & Hydrogen (Methane)3. Hydrogen Sulfide4. Carbon Dioxide5. Nitrogen (N2)

[outer shells only]