04 rxntypes pres
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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I II III IV V
Ch. 8 – Chemical Reactions
III. Types of Chemical Reactions
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A. Combustion
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
the burning of any substance in O2 to produce heat
A + O2 B
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Na(s)+ O2(g)
C3H8(g)+ O2(g) 5 3 4
A. Combustion
Products: Most common oxide of reactants hydrocarbons form CO2 + H2O
CO2(g)+ H2O(g)
Na2O(s) 4 2
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B. Synthesis
the combination of 2 or more substances to form a compound
only one product
A + B AB
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B. Synthesis
H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2 HCl(g)
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Al(s)+ Cl2(g) AlCl3(s)2 3 2
B. Synthesis
Products: ionic - cancel charges covalent - hard to tell
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C. Decomposition
a compound breaks down into 2 or more simpler substances
only one reactant
AB A + B
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C. Decomposition
2 H2O(l) 2 H2(g) + O2(g)
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KBr(l) K(s) + Br2(l) 2 2
C. Decomposition
Products: binary - break into elements others - hard to tell
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D. Single Replacement
one element replaces another in a compound metal replaces metal (+) nonmetal replaces nonmetal (-)
A + BC B + AC
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D. Single Replacement
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
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D. Single Replacement
Products: metal metal ion (+) nonmetal nonmetal ion (-) To predict if reaction will occur use activity series
(p. 295)
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Predict whether the following reaction will occur and write
the chemical equation.
Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + Fe
Zn + Mg(NO3)2 No reaction
Na + H2O Na2O + H2O
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AB + CD AD + CB
E. Double Replacement
ions in two compounds “change partners” cation of one compound combines with
anion of the other
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E. Double Replacement
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) PbCrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
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Pb(NO3)2(aq)+ KI(aq) PbI2(s)+ KNO3(aq)
E. Double Replacement
Products: switch negative ions
2 2
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Predict the products:
CaCO3 + NaCl Na2CO3 + CaCl2
KI + Pb(NO3)2 PbI2 + KNO3
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Classify the reactions
P4 + 5O2 P4O10
(synthesis) 2H2 + O2 2H2O
(combustion) PtCl4 Pt + 2Cl2
(decomposition)
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Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu
single displacement
CaCl2 + Na2CO3 CaCO3 + 2NaCl
double displacement