04. apsas - communication protocols

8/17/2019 04. APSAS - Communication Protocols

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Nov. 2004Nov. 2004

Various Communication Protocol

A Comparative Study


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Substation Communication a Comparative StudyOn protocols

APSAS 2004

Shailesh MishraManager Sales Support


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Communications : Why use it

Why !ould utilities"industry use communications

to substation e#uipment

$ %o &et po!er system data into a remote SCA'A " 'CS

system

$ %o set ()'s* aid commissionin& and e+tract data ,or

analysis -local access/

$ 1emote control o, plant


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1etrieval

$ easurements

$ Plant status

$ %rip in,ormation

$ 3ault location

$ Settin& ,iles

$ 3ault* event disturbance records

$ aintenance in,ormation

Chan&e settin&s

Circuit brea5er control

Peer6to6peer communications

Communication 1e#uirements


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Protection 1elays

$ Protection ,unctions are the priority

$ Communications disturbance records secondary

easurement 'evices " 'isturbance 1ecorders

$ 7i&h6speed communications are the priority

$ 'isturbance recordin& at hi&her sample rates

Communication 1e#uirements :

Priorities


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SIMPLEXTransmission in one direction only

HALF DUPLEXTwo way means of transmission but data can only

trael in one direction at a time

FULL DUPLEXTransmission in bot! directions simultaneously

Serial %ransmission : 'e,initions

Transmitter "eceier ###$#$#$ $$$$##$#

SE"IAL T"A%SMISSI&%


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S'%(H"&%&US

)it *eriods controlled by sync!roni+in, t!e cloc-s at t!etransmitter and at t!e receier

Framin, bits are added to bloc-s of data

AS'%(H"&%&US

Tansmitter and "eceier cloc-s run at a**ro.imately t!e same rate Framin, bits are added to raw data bits

%ransmission Systems


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EIA /0/ 1 23/4 *in D connector 5was "S/0/6 1 Ma.imum data rate 7#2/$$ b3s

1 Ma.imum distance #4m

EIA 894 1 / or 8 wires

5was "S8946 1 Ma.imum data rate #$Mb3s1 Ma.imum distance #$$$m

&*tical fibre 1 Immunity to electrical interference

1 Adanta,es in distance and s*eed

Et!ernet 1 Electrical and fibre media

1 Data rate #$Mb3s: #$$Mb3s

%ransmission edium


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Noise corruption o, data $ Parity bit chec5

$ Chec5sums

$ Cyclic redundancy chec5

8nauthori9ed access

$ Pass!ord protection

$ odem dial bac5

$ 3ire!alls

$ )ncryption $ Authentication

'ata Security


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MASTE"3SLA;E

slae 5IED6 can only send w!en it receies a re


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IED

En,ineerin,

Station

Modem

Modem

La*to*

IED

%ransmission 'e,initions : Point

to point

L&(AL

"EM&TE


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(ontroller

STA" "I%?

)US

%ransmission 'e,initions :

Shared Access

(ontroller


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%etwor- An interconnected ,rou* of nodes or

stations lin-ed by communication c!annels

%ode T!e interface *oint w!ere one or more

functional units are connected

LA% Local area networ- 5@4-m6

A% ide area networ-

%etwor- to*olo,y Pattern of nodes and t!eir interconnection

?ateway E


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(A""IE" SE%SE METH&DS(SMA 5(arrier Sense Multi*le Access63 (D 5(ollision Detection6

T&BE% A((ESS METH&D

T!e deice t!at !as t!e To-en !as access totransmit

"ESE";ATI&% METH&DEac! deice !as a *redefined time slot to

transmit

%ransmission 'e,initions :

Net!or5 Access


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IEDIED * GatewayIED LaptopComputer

Modem SCADA

Client

SubstationMI

Modem

D!P"#$ Level "D!P"#$Level %

D!P"#$ Level %

&S%"%'ront

En(ineerin(

Station

Modem

Modem

&S)+

&S)+

&S)+

&S)+

Gateway

Net!or5 %opolo&y

* proprietary protocol

&S)+


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IEDIED * Gateway

IED

Gateway ,CA%

LaptopComputer

SCADAClient

SubstationMI

&S%"%'ront

En(ineerin(Station

-erminalServer

Et.ernet

&S)+

&S)+

&S)+

Et.ernet

&S)+

/A!Et.ernet

,0

&S%"%

-erminalServer

Net!or5 %opolo&y

* proprietary protocol


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S(ADA

it!in t!e substation

IE(C$9$141#$0: D%P0: M&D)US:

(ourier: Profibus: etc=

(lient 3 Serer

S*eed #/$$b3s to C8 -b3s

IEDs

"TU 3 )ay

(om*uter 3

?ateway

&utside t!e substation

IE(C$9$141#$#: D%P0: M&D)US:

M&D)US Plus: etc=

(lient 3 Serer

S*eed 2=C to C8 -b3s

Current Communications Protocols


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Properitory Protocols

Courier1 Pro2bus1 Spabus

Modbus

D!P"

IEC3$4$5+56$"

,CA5%

IEC36+$

Various Available Protocols


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Modbus

7Developed by Modicon ,SA

7Master !ode

7Slave !ode

7In8ormation w.en t.e master poles

7Analo( data supported in two bytes

7Ma9 no# o8 data supported in a device are 3+


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Stren(t. : /ea;nesses

S-&E!G-S

7&eal open Protocol

7General purpose Protocol

7Low resource re


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Stren(t. : /ea;nesses

/ea;nesses

7 -ime Stampin( is proprietary

7!o unsolicited response support

7!o polled report by e9ception support

7=perates only on se


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ate!ay :

Principle o, Protocol Conversion

Ia 8CA

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ # # # $ # # # $ $"e,ister 0$#C

8C A

(onersion Process

"e,ister 0$#4

"e,ister 0$#

IED database

M&D)US

(ourier


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B1)us 1 (ourier *rotocol

"S894 1 M&D)US *rotocol

OPN A9311

'>5

OPN A9311

'>5

OPN A9311

'>5

OPN A9311

'>5

"TUTo S(ADA

Protocol(onerter

(ourier "elays

M&D)US "elays

P & E " S U P P L '

( E % T " A L P " & ( E S S & "

M&D)US *rotocol

202

ate!ay : Protocol Converter 8nit


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IEC3$4$5+56$"

7 -.e limitations o8 t.e Modbus is over come

7 -ime Sync.roni?ation is de2ned

7Settin( c.an(es can not be done


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Current protocols : limitations

Desi,ned 41/$ years a,o toGminimise t!e communication bandwidt!minimise t!e *rocessor3memory loadma-e it im*lementable for non1communication e.*ert

&ne drier *er *rotocol: no standard

Slow communicationG need for multi*le lin-s

Difficult connection of a t!ird *arty a**lication 1 ,ateway

Database absolute address: not fle.ible: no modellin,

Master1slaeG lon, recoery time in case of master failure

Peer1to1*eer communication usually not *ossible


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Need ,or Standardisation

;ac5 o, commonality bet!een vendors

;ac5 o, standard SCA'A " 'CS protocols

)+istin& industry protocols -e.&. odbus*Pro,ibus*.. not !ell suited to protection

communications

Cost o, inter,ace " &ate!ay solutions


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Chan&es in technolo&y

Processor speeds have been multiplied by years

Cost o, emory has dropped considerably

)thernet is !idely available $ =0 6 =00 bps

So,t!are technolo&y allo!s the implementation

o, comple+ concepts

$ 3or e+ample* Ob?ect Oriented 'esi&n enablin& the re6use o, e+istin& so,t!are

C i ti


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Intero*erability is t!e ca*acity toGcommunicate:e.ecute *ro,rams:or transfer data:

amon,st t!e arious elements of a system ornetwor-:

wit!out re


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1ecent 'evelopments

U(A/

EP"I 5 USA utilities 6 *roJectnot tied to any *articular endor use of some e.istin, standards 5MMS *rotocol: Et!ernet medium6

IE(C#94$

Future international standardbased on U(A /ma**in,s to e.istin, *rotocols 5for com*atibility wit! e.istin,

systems6

S b t ti C i ti


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Substation (om*uter

IED

A#

IED

A/

IED

A0

IED

An

Hub A

Substation HMI

"outer

IED

)#

IED

)/

IED

)0

IED

)n

Hub )

S(ADA (lient

A%

Substation Communications

Architecture


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()C@=>0 Protocol Capabilities

Sin,le *rotocol enablin, inte,ration of multi*le endorsK

e


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easurement and Status read Settin&s read and !rite

Controls -Select be,ore operate

1eports -spontaneous report by e+ception 3ile trans,er -disturbance records* PS; etc

%ime6synch

Peer6to6peer status -OOS)

()C@=>0 Services


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8CA 2 Ob?ect 7ierarchy

P!ysical Deice5networ- address6

Lo,ical Deice

5e=,= "elay#6

B8= B82

BB

A

Lo,ical %odes

3unctional Components

MM@,%#M@#A#P.sA8

=0EC-

!AME B

Ob?ect 7ierarchy : 'e,initions


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;o&ical Nodes -Dric5/ 6 standardi9ed

reusable &roupin&s o, associated data

ob?ects. Wrapper/ is optional.

;o&ical 'evices 6 represent the deviceE

consist o, speciali9ed &roupin&s o, associated;o&ical Nodes

Ob?ect 7ierarchy : 'e,initions

-2


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Ma. (!aracters

8 (HA"A(TE"S

/ (HA"A(TE"S=

2 (!a"acTers=

(!a"acTers

?&MSFE

Lo,ical %ode 5)ric-6

Functional (om*onent

Data (lass

(ommon (om*onent

ra**er C (!a"acTers

G=MS'E

OS3) : easurements


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OS3) : easurements

Ob?ect B8

P!ysical Deice5networ- address6

Lo,ical Deice

5e=,= "elay#6

B8= B82

BB

A

Lo,ical %odes

3unctional Components

MM@,%#M@#A#P.sA8 P.ase A Current Measurement

OS3) : easurements


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)+amples o, di,,erent measurements :

B80 6 this !ill return all measurements

B80.A 6 this !ill return all Amps measurements* i.e. (a*(b* (c* (o

B80.A.PhsA, 6 this !ill return a Phase Ameasurement in a 3loatin& Point ,ormat

B80..PhsADi 6 this !ill return a Phase6to6phasevolta&e A6D measurement in an (nte&er ,ormat

B80.79 6 this !ill return the ,re#uency 3

OS3) : easurements

Ob?ect B8


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8CA 2 : Sel,6description

%he composition o, any device model can becompletely determined throu&h the

interro&ation o, the communicatin& device.

%his can be compared to !eb sites accessedthrou&h a standard bro!ser: the bro!ser

cannot anticipate the content o, each !eb site.

%his aims at savin& considerable en&ineerin&

time.


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eneric Ob?ect6Oriented Substation )vent

-OOS)

Peer6to6peer

(nter6tri&&erin& and inter6trippin&

)mulates -and so replaces !irin& bet!een ()'s

ulticast7i&h reliability

$ Periodic 1e,resh

$ Automatic 1eset

$ Se#uence Count

i Ob? O i d S b i )


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"E(EI;I%?IED 5/6

SE%DI%?

IED

"E(EI;I%?IED 5#6

"E(EI;I%?

IED 506Substation

;AN

-)thernet

?&&SE

eneric Ob?ect6Oriented Substation )vent

-OOS)


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()C@=>0 : Dene,its

(nteroperability $ Open/ protocol

$ supported by most vendors

$ helps customer to build standard bays"panels* to

reduce desi&n and production time

7i&h speed communications =00b"s

Peer6to6peer communications

IEC36+$


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7-2

7-3

7-4 (om*atible data obJects

Data Tem*lates for Substations

Abstract (ommunication

Serice Interface 5A(SI6

Ma**in, to MMS8-1(ommon A**lication

Serice Model 5(ASM6

Standard Data Ty*es and

(ommon (om*onents

(ommon (lass Definitions

?&MSFE

Deice Models

Deice Models

Deice Models

U(A/

C#94$1

%C>F W=0*==*=2

?&&SE (ommunications

IEC36+$


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Interoperability -est at CIG&E

Substation ()'s ,or Complete


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Substation ()'s ,or Complete

Solution

@5erProtect#

D&PMonitor

DistanceProtectio

n

D&PMonitor

@5erProtect#

D&PMonitor

DistanceProtectio

n

D&PMonitor

'eederProtect

#

D&PMonitor

'eederProtect#

D&PMonitor

'eederProtect#

D&PMonitor

'eederProtect#

D&PMonitor

0usProtectio

n

&emote,nit

&emote,nit

&emote,nit

&emote,nit


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Communications So,t!are

;ocal access -,or PC"laptop $ proprietary -protocol6speci,ic* e.&. iCO S=/

$ &eneric bro!sers ,or 8CA2

'rivers -,or 1%8"P;C"PC

$ open standards: '')* OPC* etc.* e.&. Courier'') ,or iCO S=0/

SCA'A " 'CS

$ direct: 8CA2 on )thernet* e.&. PACiS/

$ via 1%8"Day odule* e.&. 'NP


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Conclusions

Industries must remain stuc; toModbus or IEC 6$" Protocol

,tilities willin( to e9pand must also (o 8or t.e I

!ew installation can t.in; o8 (oin( 8or t.e IEC3

In Power System networ; emp.asis must be (ion Protection devices

Settin( s.all be pre8erably 8rom t.e 8ront port

&ear port s.all be used 8or t.e Event1 Measureand disturbance


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