SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGSTANDARD & ASSESSMENT

Life Cycle AssessmentLCA is a technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life which aimed to help avoid a narrow outlook on environmental concerns by:Compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material inputs and environmental releases;Evaluating the potential impacts associated with identified inputs and releases;Interpreting the results to help make a more informed decision

The termlife cyclerefers to the notion that a fair,holistic assessment requires the assessment of raw-material production, manufacture,distribution, use and disposal including all intervening transportation steps necessary or caused by the product's existence

The procedures of LCA are part of theISO 14000 environmental management standards: in ISO 14040:2006 and 14044:2006.

Life Cycle AssessmentAccording to the ISO 14040 and 14044 standards, an LCA is carried out in four distinct phases. The phases are often interdependent in that the results of one phase will inform how other phases are completed.

LCA : building context

the need and desire for more energy efficient and environmentally friendlyconstruction practices

motives for building green, including environmental, economic, and social benefits

integrates the building life-cycle with each green practice employed with a design-purpose to create a synergy among the practices used

phase for sustainable building need

LCA : sustainable buildingThe practices or technologies employed in green building are constantly evolving and may differ from region to region, but fundamental sustainable building principles persist from which the method is derived:Siting and Structure Design EfficiencyEnergy EfficiencyWater EfficiencyMaterial EfficiencyIndoor Environmental Quality EnhancementOperation and Maintenance OptimizationWaste and Toxic ReductionProper Synergistic DesignDesigning a building that is in harmony with the natural features and resources surrounding the site

Siting and structure efficiency

deals with reducing the pollution associated with the construction activity, selecting sites appropriate for development, protecting environmentally sensitive areas and restoring damaged habitats, encouraging alternative modes of transportation to reduce the impact of automobile use, respecting the natural water hydrology of a site, and reducing the effects of heat islands.

LCA : sustainable building

Water efficiency

promotes reducing the demand for potable water and the generation of wastewater by using water-conserving fixtures, capturing rainwater or recycled grey water for conveying sewage, and treating wastewater with on-site systems .

One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas, the demands on the supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their dependence on water that is collected, used, purified, and reused on-site.LCA : sustainable building

Energy efficiency

Encourages increasing the efficiency with which buildings and their sites acquire and use energy, increasing renewable, nonpolluting energy sources to reduce the environmental and economic impacts associated with fossil fuel energy use, and minimizing the emissions that contribute to ozone depletion and global warming.LCA : sustainable building

Material and resources efficiency Seeks to maximize the use of locally available, rapidly renewable and recycled materials, reduce waste and the demand for virgin materials, retain cultural resources, and minimize the environmental impacts of new building. Building materials should be extracted and manufactured locally to the building site to minimize the energy embedded in their transportation. Where possible, building elements should be manufactured off-site and delivered to site, to maximize benefits of off-site manufacture including minimizing waste, maximizing recycling (because manufacture is in one location), high quality elements, better OHS management, less noise and dust.

LCA : sustainable building

Indoor environmentally quality enhancement

Promotes the enhanced comfort, productivity, and well-being of building occupants by improving indoor air quality, maximizing day lighting and thermal comfort system to suit task needs and preferences, and minimizing the exposure of building occupants to potentiality hazardous particulates and chemical pollutants, such as the volatile organic compounds (VOC) contained in adhesives and coatings and the urea-formaldehyde resins in composite wood product.

LCA : sustainable building

Operation and maintenance optimization

No matter how sustainable a building may have been in its design and construction, it can only remain so if it is operated responsibly and maintained properly. Ensuring operations and maintenance(O&M) personnel are part of the project's planning and development process will help retain the green criteria designed at the onset of the project. Every aspect of green building is integrated into the O&M phase of a building's life. The addition of new green technologies also falls on the O&M staff. LCA : sustainable building

Waste reduction

Seeks to reduce waste of energy, water and materials used during construction. During the construction phase, one goal should be to reduce the amount of material going to landfills. Well-designed buildings also help reduce the amount of waste generated by the occupants as well, by providing on-site solutions such as composite bins to reduce matter going to landfills.

When buildings reach the end of their useful life, they are typically demolished and hauled to landfills. Deconstruction is a method of harvesting what is commonly considered "waste" and reclaiming it into useful building material. Extending the useful life of a structure also reduces waste building materials such as wood that are light and easy to work with make renovations easierLCA : sustainable building

Sustainable building: international code

CodeAspectUnited Nations Environment Program(UNEP)to facilitate the transition to low-carbon societies, support climate proofing efforts, improve understanding of climate change science, and raise public awareness about this global challengeIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)to assess scientific, technical and socio-economic information concerning climate change, its potential effects and options for adaptation and mitigation Agenda 21a comprehensive blueprint of action to be taken globally, nationally and locally by organizations of the UN, governments, and major groups in every area in which human impact on environmentInternational Federation of Consulting Engineers (FIDIC) Project Sustainability Management Guidelinesto assist project engineers and other stakeholders in setting sustainable development goals for their projects that are recognized and accepted by as being in the interests of society as a wholeIPD Environment Codeis intended as a good practice global standard for measuring the environmental performance of corporate buildingsISO 21931is intended to provide a general framework for improving the quality and comparability of methods for assessing the environmental performance of buildings

Sustainable building: country codeAs a result of the increased interest in sustainable building concepts and practices, a number of organizations have developed standards, codes and rating systems that let government regulators, building professionals and consumers embrace sustainable building with confidence.

CountryCode IndonesiaGBCI JapanCASBEE AustraliaGreen StarChinaGBASFranceHQEGermanyDGNBUKBREEAM

CountryCodeUSA, CanadaLEEDItalyProtocollo ItacaKoreaGBCCMalaysiaGBCMSingaporeGreen MarkThailandTREESVietnamLOTUS

Example: LEED rating systemLeadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) provide measurable criteria that promote environmentally sustainable construction. The system was developed by The US Green Building Council (USGBC) as consensus among its members.

To aid designer, builders, and owners achieve LEED certification for specific building types and phase of a building life cycle, USBGC has developed a number of version of LEED rating system: LEED-NC : for new construction and major renovation LEED CI : for commercial interior LEED-CS : for core/shell LEED-EB : for existing building LEED-Homes LEED-ND : for neighborhood development LEED for school

Example: LEED rating systemThe LEED rating system for new construction and major renovation addresses seven major areas of development:

Siting and structure efficiencyWater efficiencyEnergy efficiencyMaterial and resources efficiencyIndoor environmentally quality enhancementOperation and maintenance optimizationWaste reduction

Example: LEED rating system

Example: LEED rating system

Example: LEED rating system

Example: LEED rating system

Example: CASBEE JapanCASBEE was developed according to the following policies:

The system should be structured to award high assessments to superior buildings, thereby enhancing incentives to designers and others.The assessment system should be as simple as possible.The system should be applicable to buildings in a wide range of building types.The system should take into consideration issues and problems peculiar to Japan and Asia.

Example: CASBEE JapanCASBEE was developed in the suite of architectural design process, starting from the pre-design stage and continuing through design and post design stages.

Example: CASBEE JapanCorresponding to the building lifecycle, CASBEE is composed of four assessment tools, CASBEE for Pre-design, CASBEE for New Construction, CASBEE for Existing Building and CASBEE for Renovation, and to serve at each stage of the design process .

Example: CASBEE Japan

ApplicationNameFor Detached HousesCASBEE for Detached Houses (for New Construction, for Existing Building)For Temporary ConstructionCASBEE for Temporary ConstructionBrief versionsCASBEE for New Construction (Brief Version), for Existing Buildings (Brief version), for Renovation (Brief version) CASBEE for Urban Development (Brief version)Local government versionsCASBEE-Nagoya, CASBEE-Osaka, CASBEE-Yokohama etc.For Heat Island effectCASBEE for Heat IslandFor Urban DevelopmentCASBEE for Urban DevelopmentFor CitiesCASBEE for Cities

Example: GBCI (Greenship)